雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积空间格局、沉积模式及其环境效应

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.9.7

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 229-244.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.9.7

• “印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应”专栏之八 • 上一篇下一篇

雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积空间格局、沉积模式及其环境效应

夏敦胜¹(), 杨军怀¹^,^*(), 王树源¹, 刘鑫¹, 陈梓炫¹, 赵来¹, 牛潇毅¹, 金明¹, 高福元², 凌智永³, 王飞¹, 李再军¹, 王鑫¹, 贾佳⁴, 杨胜利¹

1.兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000
2.兰州城市学院城市环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
3.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008
4.浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 浙江金华 321004

收稿日期:2022-08-05 修回日期:2022-09-20 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-07
通讯作者: *杨军怀(1994—),男,博士研究生,主要从事青藏高原风成沉积与气候变化研究。E-mail: yangjh19@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:夏敦胜(1971—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事环境磁学与第四纪环境变化研究。E-mail: dsxia@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
科学技术部第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0602)

Aeolian deposits in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau: Spatial distribution, depositional model and environmental impact

XIA Dunsheng¹(), YANG Junhuai¹^,^*(), WANG Shuyuan¹, LIU Xin¹, CHEN Zixuan¹, ZHAO Lai¹, NIU Xiaoyi¹, JIN Ming¹, GAO Fuyuan², LING Zhiyong³, WANG Fei¹, LI Zaijun¹, WANG Xin¹, JIA Jia⁴, YANG Shengli¹

1. Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
3. Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
4. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China

Received:2022-08-05 Revised:2022-09-20 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原南部雅鲁藏布江(雅江)流域位于印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞产生的缝合带,是地球系统科学研究的热点地区。该区域中更新世以来的风成沉积物不仅是揭示青藏高原气候变化与大气环流演化的重要窗口,而且有助于深入认识构造、气候及地表景观之间的内在联系,然而我们对于该区域风成沉积物的空间格局、沉积模式及其环境效应至今仍然缺乏系统的认识。本文在大量野外考察和已有研究结果基础上,结合典型沉积物样品的综合分析,对雅江流域风成沉积体系进行了梳理,绘制了《雅江风成沉积空间分布图》,包括1幅序图和6幅区域分布图,其中风沙和黄土沉积呈斑块状分布,二者通常相伴而生。黄土与沙丘、河流砂等松散沉积物之间存在密切的物质联系,区域内的风成沉积以自循环过程为主,记录了区域气候的空间差异。河谷沉积物在接受有限的远源粉尘输入的同时,在高空西风的作用下向全球贡献粉尘物质。中更新世以来的粉尘活动受控于构造运动和全球气候变化的耦合,而全新世粉尘活动受河谷环境影响表现较为复杂,区域气候变化受中纬度西风和印度夏季风的协同作用影响。

关键词: 青藏高原南部, 雅鲁藏布江, 沙丘, 黄土, 分布, 物源, 气候变化, 全新世

Abstract:

Situated in the suture zone formed by the India-Euroasia collision, the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin in the southern Tibetan Plateau is a hotspot for Earth systems research, where Middle-Pleistocene aeolian deposits not only provide an important window into the history of climate change and atmospheric circulation in the Tibetan Plateau, but also help us to gain a deeper understanding of the link between tectonics, climate and landscapes in general. However, a systematic understanding of the distribution, depositional model, and environmental effects of aeolian sediments in this region is still lacking. Here, we construct a new atlas and a depositional model of aeolian sediments in the YZR basin based on extensive field investigation as well as laboratory analyses of typical sediment samples collected across the region, combined with existing research results. In general, aeolian sand and loess are distributed in patches and usually occur together. A close provenance relation between loess and nearby loose sediments such as sand dunes and river sands indicates that aeolian sediments cycle locally, hence they record spatial changes of regional climate; in contrast, the valley sediments not only receive dust from distant sources but also contribute dust materials to the world via upper-level westerly winds. Middle-Pleistocene aeolian dust activity in the YZR basin was controlled combinedly by tectonic movement and global climate change; whereas aeolian dust activity during the Holocene was relatively complex under the river valley environment, and regional climate change was generally influenced by the synergistic effect of the mid-latitude Westerlies and the Indian summer monsoon.

Key words: southern Tibetan Plateau, Yarlung Zangbo River, sand dune, loess, distribution, provenance, climate change, Holocene

中图分类号:

P532
P931

夏敦胜, 杨军怀, 王树源, 刘鑫, 陈梓炫, 赵来, 牛潇毅, 金明, 高福元, 凌智永, 王飞, 李再军, 王鑫, 贾佳, 杨胜利. 雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积空间格局、沉积模式及其环境效应[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(4): 229-244.

XIA Dunsheng, YANG Junhuai, WANG Shuyuan, LIU Xin, CHEN Zixuan, ZHAO Lai, NIU Xiaoyi, JIN Ming, GAO Fuyuan, LING Zhiyong, WANG Fei, LI Zaijun, WANG Xin, JIA Jia, YANG Shengli. Aeolian deposits in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau: Spatial distribution, depositional model and environmental impact[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(4): 229-244.

图/表 7

图1 研究区地理位置、采样点、近地表风场及主要大气环流 (a)青藏高原南部雅鲁藏布江流域及采样位置。现代夏季风边界线引自文献[55]。(b)雅鲁藏布江流域近地表风场(箭头指示合成输沙势方向),数据引自文献[42]。(c,d)1948—2016年青藏高原及其周边地区夏季和冬季平均降水量及600 hPa(接近高原面平均海拔)风场。降水量和风场数据来源于全球降水气候学中心和美国国家环境预测中心/美国国家大气研究中心再分析资料。

Fig.1 The Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin region, southern Tibetan Plateau. (a) Geological location of the study area and distribution of sampling sites along the river. (b) Near-surface wind field (adapted from [42]). (c, d) Main atmospheric circulation patterns (data adapted from international databases the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1) and precipitation data are from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)).

图2 雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积分布序图及分布面积 (雅江干流河床宽度和海拔数据来源于文献[56]) 字母a-f为区域风成沉积分布图索引。

Fig.2 Atlas of aeolian sediments in the YZR basin. Top: overview distribution map shows the spatial distribution of aeolian/loess deposits in the basin and indicate the location of 6 mapping regions indexed a-f. Middle: aeolian/loess deposition areas in regions a-f. Bottom: variation of streambed width across regions a-f.

图3 雅鲁藏布江流域区域风成沉积分布图

Fig.3 High-resolution regional distribution maps of aeolian deposits in the YZR basin. Profile TB10 in c adapted from [21]; profiles TB1,7,8, Cha’er, LCP, RKZ, Lhainxiang and Dazhuka in d adapted from [21,23,57⇓⇓-60]; profiles QUX1, 2, JIN2, CHI1, DRE18, STA1, MOG1, GYA3, MOG4, LS, Jiangtang, SNP and SRP in e adapted from [23,27,58,61]; profiles LXP, YJP1 and Zeyi in f adapted from [23,62].

图4 雅鲁藏布江宽谷地区风成沉积物南北向分布

Fig.4 The south-north distribution of aeolian sediments in the wide valley region

图5 雅鲁藏布江流域沉积物物源对比 (a)雅江河谷典型黄土-风沙剖面[30]与潜在源区沉积物[20]及中国黄土高原黄土[68]的物源对比;(b)雅江河谷典型黄土-风沙剖面沉积物的粒度端员分离结果[29];(c)雅江河谷降尘样品的粒度频率分布曲线[66]及沙丘沉积物的粒度端员分离结果。灰色虚线为63 μm分界线。

Fig.5 Sediment provenance analysis revealing close provenance relation between loess and nearby loose sediments. (a) Discrimination diagram. (b, c) Sediment grain size distribution.

图6 雅江中上游地区年平均降水、年平均气温及表土和沉积剖面理化性质的空间变化

Fig.6 Multiple plots of mean annual precipitation/temperature and physicochemical proxies for surface soil/aeolian sediment samples collected cross the basin from west to east to show sedimentary response to climate change in the YZR basin

图7 雅鲁藏布江流域风沙-黄土堆积模式及其对区域气候的响应问号表示没有直接证据证明二者之间的潜在联系。

Fig.7 Depositional model of aeolian sand/loess and its response to regional climate

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雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积空间格局、沉积模式及其环境效应

Aeolian deposits in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau: Spatial distribution, depositional model and environmental impact

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