基于生态安全的我国土壤镉环境基准研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤镉(Cd)污染的生态安全问题不容忽视,我国目前尚缺乏基于生态风险的土壤Cd环境基准。本研究通过调研国内外关于土壤Cd的生态毒性研究,收集并筛选基于我国土壤的Cd毒性效应数据,采用物种敏感性分布法并结合Cd的生态毒性预测模型,推导不同用地方式下的土壤全量和EDTA提取态Cd生态安全环境基准。共收集与筛选出包含13个物种或生态过程的126个土壤Cd生态毒性数据,其中陆生植物毒性数据60个(6个物种)、无脊椎动物毒性数据39个(3个物种)、生态过程毒性数据27个(4种指标)。土壤Cd生态毒性预测模型研究结果表明,土壤pH是影响Cd生态毒性的最重要因子。自然保护地和农业用地、公园用地、住宅用地、商服及工业用地不同土壤pH值范围的土壤全量Cd生态安全基准分别为1.91~5.25、3.94~11.1、7.59~22.0和10.5~30.8 mg·kg^-1,基于EDTA提取态Cd的生态安全基准分别为 1.13~3.12、2.34~6.62、4.51~13.1和6.24~18.4 mg·kg^-1。研究结果可为我国土壤污染风险管控标准的制修订提供依据。

关键词: 土壤, 镉, 生态毒性, 物种敏感性分布, 环境基准

Abstract:

The ecological safety issue due to cadmium (Cd) contamination in soils cannot be ignored. Presently, China has no environmental criteria established for Cd in soil based on ecological safety considerations. In this study, we collect and screen relevant Cd toxicity data related to China from results of domestic and international studies on Cd ecotoxicity in soil. We use species sensitivity distribution, combined with prediction models for Cd ecotoxicity in soil to derive ecological safety criteria for the total Cd and EDTA-extractable Cd in soils under different land use types. We obtained a total of 126 Cd toxicity data on 13 species and ecological processes, involving 60 terrestrial plants (6 species), 39 invertebrates (3 species), and 27 ecological processes (4 indicators). The prediction models we developed suggested that soil pH was the most important factor affecting Cd ecotoxicity in soil. The ecological safety criteria for the total Cd/EDTA-extractable Cd in soils with different pH values were 1.91-5.25/1.13-3.12 mg·kg^-1 for protected natural areas and agricultural land; 3.94-11.1/2.34-6.62 mg·kg^-1 for park land; 7.59-22.0/4.51-13.1 mg·kg^-1 for residential land; and 10.5-30.8/6.24-18.4 mg·kg^-1 for commercial services and industrial land. The results provide a basis for the establishment and revision of soil pollution control standards in China.

Key words: soil, cadmium, ecological toxicity, species sensitivity distribution, environmental criteria

中图分类号:

X53
X825

丁昌峰, 周志高, 王玉荣, 张桃林, 王兴祥. 基于生态安全的我国土壤镉环境基准研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 130-136.

DING Changfeng, ZHOU Zhigao, WANG Yurong, ZHANG Taolin, WANG Xingxiang. Environmental criteria for cadmium in soils based on ecological safety considerations in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 130-136.

图/表 6

参考文献 37

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物种/生态过程		测试终点	数量	EC₁₀/(mg·kg^-1)	pH值	有机质含量/(g·kg^-1)	文献
陆生植物	水稻	根伸长	8	1.83~4.62	4.93~8.83	10.7~73.8	宋文恩等^[13]
	白菜	根伸长	18	31.4~672	4.62~8.69	5.57~81.1	郑丽萍等^[14]
	玉米	生物量	1	10.3	7.28	11.3	贺萌萌等^[15]
	大麦	根伸长	6	79~437	4.34~7.78	16.3~51.1	张强^[16]
	黑麦草	根伸长	14	4.40~200	4.77~8.24	6.00~81.0	王子萱等^[17]
	日本女贞	生物量	13	0.66~11.0	4.66~7.88	11.5~126	Zhang等^[18]
土壤无脊椎动物	蚯蚓	繁殖	18	11.3~40.1	4.62~8.69	5.57~81.1	刘海龙^[19]
	跳虫	生长	18	5.73~27.9	4.62~8.69	5.57~81.1	宣亮^[20]
	线虫	繁殖	3	2.52~14.2	5.23~7.42	8.63~33.6	王鑫等^[21]
土壤生态过程	微生物量		2	1.13~1.97	4.89~7.71	5.77~20.0	程金金等^[22]
	脲酶		2	0.93~13.1	4.89~7.71	5.77~20.0	程金金等^[22]
	脱氢酶		18	0.80~58.1	4.90~8.80	8.46~47.1	Tan等^[23]
	硝化作用		5	36.6~312	7.26~7.68	7.64~15.8	王月等^[24]

物种/生态过程		测试终点	数量	EC₁₀/(mg·kg^-1)	pH值	有机质含量/(g·kg^-1)	文献
陆生植物	水稻	根伸长	8	1.83~4.62	4.93~8.83	10.7~73.8	宋文恩等^[13]
	白菜	根伸长	18	31.4~672	4.62~8.69	5.57~81.1	郑丽萍等^[14]
	玉米	生物量	1	10.3	7.28	11.3	贺萌萌等^[15]
	大麦	根伸长	6	79~437	4.34~7.78	16.3~51.1	张强^[16]
	黑麦草	根伸长	14	4.40~200	4.77~8.24	6.00~81.0	王子萱等^[17]
	日本女贞	生物量	13	0.66~11.0	4.66~7.88	11.5~126	Zhang等^[18]
土壤无脊椎动物	蚯蚓	繁殖	18	11.3~40.1	4.62~8.69	5.57~81.1	刘海龙^[19]
	跳虫	生长	18	5.73~27.9	4.62~8.69	5.57~81.1	宣亮^[20]
	线虫	繁殖	3	2.52~14.2	5.23~7.42	8.63~33.6	王鑫等^[21]
土壤生态过程	微生物量		2	1.13~1.97	4.89~7.71	5.77~20.0	程金金等^[22]
	脲酶		2	0.93~13.1	4.89~7.71	5.77~20.0	程金金等^[22]
	脱氢酶		18	0.80~58.1	4.90~8.80	8.46~47.1	Tan等^[23]
	硝化作用		5	36.6~312	7.26~7.68	7.64~15.8	王月等^[24]

毒性终点	预测模型	n	R²	文献
水稻根伸长	lg[EC₅₀]=0.091pH+0.304lg[OC]+0.826	8	0.85	宋文恩等^[13]
白菜根伸长	lg[EC₁₀]=0.148pH+1.323	18	0.38	郑丽萍等^[14]
白菜根伸长	lg[EC₅₀]=0.214pH+1.322	18	0.73	郑丽萍等^[14]
大麦根伸长	lg[EC₁₀]=0.192pH+1.018	6	0.69	张强^[16]
日本女贞生物量	EC₁₀=-1.89pH-0.190Al_OX+23.7	13	0.72	Zhang等^[18]
蚯蚓产茧量	lg[EC₅₀]=0.118pH+1.311	18	0.79	刘海龙^[19]
跳虫繁殖率	lg[EC₁₀]=0.127pH+0.280	18	0.83	宣亮^[20]
跳虫繁殖率	lg[EC₅₀]=0.117pH+0.002[OM]+1.074	18	0.83	宣亮^[20]
脱氢酶活性	lg[EC₅₀]=-0.159pH+1.105lg[OC]+2.585	16	0.87	Tan等^[23]

毒性终点	预测模型	n	R²	文献
水稻根伸长	lg[EC₅₀]=0.091pH+0.304lg[OC]+0.826	8	0.85	宋文恩等^[13]
白菜根伸长	lg[EC₁₀]=0.148pH+1.323	18	0.38	郑丽萍等^[14]
白菜根伸长	lg[EC₅₀]=0.214pH+1.322	18	0.73	郑丽萍等^[14]
大麦根伸长	lg[EC₁₀]=0.192pH+1.018	6	0.69	张强^[16]
日本女贞生物量	EC₁₀=-1.89pH-0.190Al_OX+23.7	13	0.72	Zhang等^[18]
蚯蚓产茧量	lg[EC₅₀]=0.118pH+1.311	18	0.79	刘海龙^[19]
跳虫繁殖率	lg[EC₁₀]=0.127pH+0.280	18	0.83	宣亮^[20]
跳虫繁殖率	lg[EC₅₀]=0.117pH+0.002[OM]+1.074	18	0.83	宣亮^[20]
脱氢酶活性	lg[EC₅₀]=-0.159pH+1.105lg[OC]+2.585	16	0.87	Tan等^[23]

用地方式	危害浓度	土壤基准/(mg·kg^-1)
用地方式	危害浓度	pH≤5.5	5.5<pH≤6.5	6.5<pH≤7.5	pH>7.5
自然保护地和农用地	HC₅	1.91	2.69	3.76	5.25
公园用地	HC₂₀	3.94	5.58	7.88	11.1
住宅用地	HC₄₀	7.59	10.8	15.4	22.0
商服及工业用地	HC₅₀	10.5	15.0	21.5	30.8