第四纪两类千年尺度气候振荡现象及机理研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.9.56

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

千年尺度气候突变事件是第四纪冰期普遍存在的气候现象。这些事件可以被分为两类,一类为Dansgaard-Oeschger Event (DO事件),另一类为海因里希(Heinrich Stadial,HS)事件,后者有时也被认为是一种特殊的DO事件,因此也被称为 HS-DO事件。HS事件期间北大西洋冰架的融化一般对应DO振荡的冷相位,这与通常认为的冰架在较冷气候下体积增加并不相符。这两类事件在北大西洋重建数据中表现得最为明显,但其气候影响具有全球性。由于没有显著的外强迫驱动这两类气候突变事件,自20世纪90年代首次被确认以来,HS-DO事件一直是古气候界关注的重点,且人们对其触发机理仍没有定论。本文基于目前对这两类千年事件的研究现状,集中总结了目前已有的可反映千年事件的重建数据,利用已有的模拟工作,重点回顾了现有的机制理论,评述了目前研究DO事件以及HS-DO事件的局限性,并对其后续工作,尤其是模拟部分,进行了展望。

关键词: 千年尺度气候振荡, 北大西洋环流, 同位素三期

Abstract:

Dansgaard-Oeschger events (DO) and Heinrich Stadial (HS) are the most pronounced millennial-scale climate oscillations during the Quaternary. HS, also called HS-DO event, is considered a special DO type in some occasions. Massive ice sheet melting associated with HS occurs during the cold phase of DO cycles, in contradiction to the expectation that ice sheets expand in colder climates and shrink in warmer climates. These events have global climate impacts and thus have been the focus of paleoclimate community for the past several decades, but their triggering mechanism are still under debate. This work summarizes all current available proxy records that contain fingerprints of these abrupt climate oscillations, and discusses limitations in the mechanistic explanations for DO and HS-DO based on current available modeling results, as well as future prospects especially the prospects of modeling these events.

Key words: millennial-scale climate oscillation, atlantic meridional overturning circulation, marine isotope stage 3

中图分类号:

P532
P533

张晓, 张旭. 第四纪两类千年尺度气候振荡现象及机理研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(5): 322-333.

ZHANG Xiao, ZHANG Xu. Two types of millennial-scale climate oscillations during the last Quaternary and their triggering mechanism[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(5): 322-333.

图/表 4

图1 重建AMOC强度及格陵兰岛气温(据文献[80]修改) 顶部折线: 基于百慕大沉积物中231Pa/230Th重建的AMOC强度; 底部折线: 格陵兰岛NGRIP冰芯重建温度。H1-H5a 为HS冰阶,数字1-17为DO间冰阶。其中DO5-8为MIS3期间典型的间冰阶。H5a为一次较弱的非经典HS冰阶。

Fig.1 Reconstruction of AMOC intensity and Greenland temperature. Modified after [80].

图2 AMOC不同稳定态示意图(据文献[89]修改)

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of different stable states of AMOC. Modified after [89].

图3 海冰驱动说中模拟的物理量变化(据文献[99]修改) 物理量自上而下为:北大西洋环流强度(Sv);海冰覆盖率(占北海面积百分比,%);格陵兰岛地表温度(℃);冰盖高度(km)。1 atm=1.01325×105 Pa。

Fig.2 Changes of simulated physical quantities in sea ice driving theory. Modified after [99].

图4 5 km位势高度场灰色区域为模式中冰期冰盖范围 (单位:位势10 m)(据文献[101]修改)

Fig.4 The gray area of 5km geopotential height field is the range of ice sheet in the middle glacial period of the model. Modified after [101].

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