西沙群岛琛科2井珊瑚礁钻孔天文年代标尺的建立及天文周期记录

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.10

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 436-450.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.10

西沙群岛琛科2井珊瑚礁钻孔天文年代标尺的建立及天文周期记录

张念念¹(), 范天来¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 黄春菊⁴, 张明望¹, 李钰淳¹, 韦露¹, 余克服¹^,²^,³

1.广西大学海洋学院, 广西南宁 530004
2.广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室, 广西南宁 530004
3.广西大学珊瑚礁研究中心, 广西南宁 530004
4.中国地质大学(武汉) 地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2022-10-01 修回日期:2023-05-23 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-25
通讯作者: * 范天来(1984—),男,讲师,主要从事珊瑚礁地质学研究。E-mail: fantl2004@hotmail.com
作者简介:张念念(1996—),女,硕士研究生,海洋地质学专业。E-mail: z8182729@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大项目课题“印太交汇区代表性物种的生物多样性演变及其生态功能(42030502);国家自然科学基金重点项目“全新世南海珊瑚礁发育的时-空差异及其对全球变暖的适应机制(42090041)

Identification of orbital cycles in coral-reef core from well CK-2, Xisha Islands and insights into coral reef evolution in the South China Sea

ZHANG Niannian¹(), FAN Tianlai¹^,²^,³^,^*(), HUANG Chunju⁴, ZHANG Mingwang¹, LI Yuchun¹, WEI Lu¹, YU Kefu¹^,²^,³

1. School of Ocean Science, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Coral Reef Research in South China Sea, Nanning 530004, China
3. Coral Reef Research Center, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
4. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2022-10-01 Revised:2023-05-23 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珊瑚礁能够灵敏地记录过去气候变化过程,对于长尺度气候记录而言,高精度的地层年代框架能为区域和全球事件对比提供精确的年代约束。文章以南海西沙群岛琛科2井的珊瑚礁钻孔为研究材料,选取对沉积旋回反应灵敏的非磁滞剩磁(ARM)作为气候替代指标进行旋回分析。ARM分段深度域频谱分析结果显示其存在稳定的代表斜率调制周期约1.2 Ma和长偏心率周期约405 ka的沉积旋回。基于以上识别出的沉积旋回,分别利用轨道参数理论滤波曲线对0~878.21 m的深度域ARM数据序列进行分段天文调谐。最终将珊瑚礁起始发育的天文年代厘定为约19.2 Ma,分辨率可以达到十万年的轨道尺度,可以与Sr同位素年代相互校准。时间域的ARM频谱分析发现,整个中新世以来约1.2 Ma的斜率调制周期在南海珊瑚礁沉积地层中最明显,约405 ka和约95 ka的偏心率周期及约173 ka的斜率调制短周期均不连续。这表明斜率调控的百万年尺度的轨道周期可能对南海珊瑚礁的演化起着主要的调控作用,而珊瑚礁沉积记录的主控周期的改变可能是其对南北半球冰川作用气候效应的及时响应。

关键词: 珊瑚礁, 琛科2井, ARM, 天文调谐, 天文年代标尺

Abstract:

Coral reefs can record past climate change. For long-term climate studies, the establishment of a high-precision stratigraphic chronological framework can provide accurate chronological constraints on the correlation between regional and global climate events. In this paper, coral-reef core samples from well CK-2, Xisha Islands, South China Sea are used in magnetic testing, and anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) is selected as climate proxy to identify astronomical cycles in ancient reefs in the South China Sea since the Miocene. The results of ARM depth series analysis reveal well defined stable depositional cycles corresponding to a ~1.2 Ma obliquity modulation cycle and a ~405 ka long eccentricity cycle; these two cycles are used in orbital tuning of the ARM depth series between 0-878.21 m. The orbital tuning results set the depositional constraints on the coral-reef core at 0-19.2 Ma, with a resolution up to 100000 years, which can be mutually calibrated with Sr isotope dating. The ~1.2 Ma obliquity modulation cycle is most obvious in the reef strata of the South China Sea through the Miocene, and the ~405/~95 ka eccentricity cycles and the ~173 ka obliquity modulation short cycle are discontinuous. These results suggest that the millennium-scale orbital cycles may play a major role in regulating the evolution of coral reefs in the South China Sea. The change of the main control period reflected in the reef records may be an indicator of reef’s timely response to glaciation associated climate change.

Key words: coral reef, well CK-2, ARM, astronomical tuning, astronomical age scale

中图分类号:

张念念, 范天来, 黄春菊, 张明望, 李钰淳, 韦露, 余克服. 西沙群岛琛科2井珊瑚礁钻孔天文年代标尺的建立及天文周期记录[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 436-450.

ZHANG Niannian, FAN Tianlai, HUANG Chunju, ZHANG Mingwang, LI Yuchun, WEI Lu, YU Kefu. Identification of orbital cycles in coral-reef core from well CK-2, Xisha Islands and insights into coral reef evolution in the South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 436-450.

图/表 9

图1 研究区地理位置 a—西沙群岛;b—永乐环礁;c—琛科二井。

Fig.1 Geographical location of the study area

图2 ARM深度域数据序列及其FFT演化谱图 a—logARM和Detrended logARM深度域数据序列;b—Detrended logARM深度域数据的FFT演化谱图,滑动窗口为200 m。

Fig.2 FFT spectral analysis of ARM depth series

图3 ARM深度域分段数据的MTM频谱图及其天文调谐结果 a—0~250 m Detrended logARM深度域MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;b—0~250 m天文调谐图,ARM滤波参数为(0.024±0.004 8) cycle/m,La2010a天文解的405 ka曲线滤波参数(2.47±0.2) cycle/Ma;c—250~500 m Detrended logARM深度域MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;d—250~500 m天文调谐图,ARM滤波参数为(0.028±0.005 6) cycle/m,La2010a天文解的1.2 Ma曲线滤波参数(0.833±0.1) cycle/Ma;e—500~590 m Detrended logARM深度域MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势; f—500~590 m天文调谐图,ARM滤波参数为(0.055±0.011) cycle/m,La2010a天文解的1.2 Ma曲线滤波参数(0.833±0.1) cycle/Ma;g—590~878.21 m Detrended logARM深度域MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;h—590~878.21 m 天文调谐图,ARM滤波参数为(0.028 5±0.005 7) cycle/m,La2010a天文解的405 ka曲线滤波参数(2.47±0.2) cycle/Ma。

Fig.3 MTM spectral analysis of segmented ARM data series with orbital tuning

图4 时间域ARM频谱分析图 a—logARM深度域数据序列;b—logARM的绝对天文年代标尺;c—Detrended logARM时间域数据序列的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;d—Detrended logARM时间域数据序列的FFT演化谱图,滑动窗口为3000 ka。

Fig.4 Spectral analysis of ARM time series

图5 时间域ARM分段频谱分析图 a—0~2.5 Ma Detrended logARM时间域数据序列的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;b—2.5~10 Ma Detrended logARM时间域数据序列的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;c—10~16 Ma Detrended logARM时间域数据序列的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;d—16~19.2 Ma Detrended logARM时间域数据序列的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势。

Fig.5 Spectral analysis of ARM segmented time series

图6 琛科2井的年龄-深度模型对比图

Fig.6 Age-depth model for well CK-2

图7 CK-2井珊瑚礁天文调谐后ARM数据序列与La2010a理论曲线的滤波对比图 a—logARM时间域数据序列;b—La2010a天文理论解的1.2 Ma斜率周期滤波曲线,参数(0.833±0.1) cycle/Ma;c—Detrended logARM的1.2 Ma斜率周期滤波曲线,参数(0.833±0.1) cycle/Ma;d—La2010a天文理论解的405 ka偏心率周期滤波曲线,参数(2.47±0.2) cycle/Ma;e—Detrended logARM的405 ka偏心率周期滤波曲线,参数(2.47±0.2) cycle/Ma; f—La2010a天文理论解的95 ka偏心率周期滤波曲线,参数(10.5±1) cycle/Ma; g—Detrended logARM的95 ka偏心率周期滤波曲线,参数(9.5±1) cycle/Ma。

Fig.7 Filtering comparison between ARM data series from reef core after orbital turning and La2010a theoretical curves

图8 CK-2井珊瑚礁天文调谐后ARM数据系列和南海ODP1148钻孔的氧同位素记录的频谱分析对比图 a—0~2.5 Ma南海ODP1148钻孔的底栖有孔虫氧同位素的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;b—2.5~16 Ma南海ODP1148钻孔底栖有孔虫氧同位素的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;c—16~19.2 Ma南海ODP1148钻孔底栖有孔虫氧同位素的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;d—0~2.5 Ma Detrended logARM的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;e—2.5~16 Ma Detrended logARM的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势;f—16~19.2 Ma Detrended logARM的MTM频谱图,除去35% 趋势。

Fig.8 Comparison of spectrum analysis results between ARM data series from reef core after orbital turning and marine oxygen isotope records from borehole ODP1148, South China Sea

图9 CK-2井珊瑚礁天文调谐后ARM数据系列与南海ODP1148钻孔的氧同位素记录的滤波对比 a—南海ODP1148钻孔的底栖有孔虫氧同位素组成(δ18O)[95];b—logARM时间域数据序列;c—0~2.5 Ma南海ODP1148钻孔底栖有孔虫氧同位素的405 ka偏心率周期滤波曲线,参数(2.47±0.2) cycle/Ma; d—0~2.5 Ma Detrended logARM的405 ka偏心率周期滤波曲线,参数(2.47±0.2) cycle/Ma;e—2.5~16 Ma南海ODP1148钻孔底栖有孔虫氧同位素的1.2 Ma斜率周期滤波曲线,参数(0.833±0.1) cycle/Ma;f—2.5~16 Ma Detrended logARM的1.2 Ma斜率周期滤波曲线,参数(0.833±0.1) cycle/Ma;g—16~19.2 Ma南海ODP1148钻孔底栖有孔虫氧同位素的405 ka偏心率周期滤波曲线,参数(2.47±0.2) cycle/Ma;h—16~19.2 Ma Detrended logARM的405 ka偏心率周期滤波曲线,参数(2.47±0.2) cycle/Ma。

Fig.9 Filtering comparison between ARM data series from reef core after orbital turning and marine oxygen isotope records from borehole ODP1148, South China Sea

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西沙群岛琛科2井珊瑚礁钻孔天文年代标尺的建立及天文周期记录

Identification of orbital cycles in coral-reef core from well CK-2, Xisha Islands and insights into coral reef evolution in the South China Sea

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