西澳大利亚新元古代Browne组—Hussar组旋回地层学研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.9.9

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旋回地层学研究目前主要集中在显生宙,对于占据地球历史绝大部分时期的前寒武纪,相关研究较为薄弱。西澳大利亚的Officer盆地具有新元古代中期(约800 Ma)良好的地层沉积记录。Lancer 1井位于Officer盆地的西部,岩心底部包含新元古代Browne组—Hussar组约750 m的连续沉积地层,岩性以砂岩和泥岩互层为主,偶见白云岩夹层,是开展前寒武纪旋回地层学研究的理想材料。本文以自然伽马测井数据作为古气候替代性指标,通过频谱分析等方法进行了旋回地层学分析,结果表明Hussar组940~1 200 m泥岩段的伽马测井数据记录了完整的米兰科维奇旋回,长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差控制的地层旋回厚度分别为34、8~10、1.8~2.7和1.2~1.4 m。以构建的长偏心率周期(405 ka)标准曲线对该泥岩段进行天文年代校准,建立了浮动天文年代标尺,估计了约800 Ma的长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差周期分别为405、127、27~34和15.2~18.1 ka。此外,根据斜率周期(27±0.7) ka计算出当时的地月距离为(362 935±1 495) km,日长为(20.56±0.2) h。这一研究将填补新元古代早—中期(约800 Ma 时期)旋回地层学研究的空白,为前寒武纪地月系统演化提供数据支持。

关键词: 新元古代, Browne组—Hussar组, 旋回地层学, 米兰科维奇旋回

Abstract:

Current cyclostratigraphic researches mainly focus on the Phanerozoic strata whilst the Precambrian era—the longest span of geological time in Earth’s history—is less studied. The Officer Basin in western Australia possesses well-preserved mid-Neoproterozoic (~800 Ma) successions. The Lancer 1 well, located in the western Officer Basin, has recovered ~750 m of continuous sedimentary strata of the Neoproterozoic Browne-Hussar formations, mainly interbeded with sandstone and mudstone and occasional dolomite, showing great promise for the cyclostratigraphic analysis. In this study, the gamma-ray logging data of the Browne-Hussar formations are used as paleoclimate proxy. Spectral analysis shows that the wavelength ratios of the cycles in the 940-1 200 m mudstone interval of the Hussar Formation correspond to the hierarchies of the Milankovitch cycles, where sedimentary cycles, defined as 34 m, 8-10 m, 1.8-2.7 m or 1.2-1.4 m thick cycles, can be interpreted to correspond respectively to the Milankovitch long-eccentricity, short-eccentricity, obliquity and precession cycles. After calibrating to the 405-ka long-eccentricity cycle, a floating astronomical timescale is established for the mudstone interval of the Hussar Formation and the periods of the four Milankovitch cycles are estimated to be 405 ka, 127 ka, 27-34 ka and 15.2-18.1 ka, respectively. Based on the obliquity period of (27±0.7) ka, the Earth-Moon distance and the length of day (LOD) are calculated to be (362 935±1 495) km and (20.56±0.2) h, respectively. These results represent the first report on climate cycles in the Early-Neoproterozoic (~800 Ma) in response to orbital forcing, which provides a key reference to elucidating the evolution of the Earth-Moon system.

Key words: Neoproterozoic, Browne-Hussar formations, cyclostratigraphy, Milankovitch cycles

中图分类号:

P532
P539.2

杨昆昆, 李海燕, 赵汉卿, 褚润健, 刘光泓, 吴怀春, 张世红. 西澳大利亚新元古代Browne组—Hussar组旋回地层学研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(3): 441-451.

YANG Kunkun, LI Haiyan, ZHAO Hanqing, CHU Runjian, LIU Guanghong, WU Huaichun, ZHANG Shihong. Cyclostratigraphic study of the Neoproterozoic Browne-Hussar formations in western Australia[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(3): 441-451.

图/表 7

图1 Lancer 1井地质概况 a—约800 Ma全球古地理重建图(根据文献[34]修改,红色圆圈代表Lancer 1井所在位置);b—西澳大利亚区域地质简图(根据文献[33]修改);c—Lancer 1井地层柱状图(根据文献[33,35-36]修改,红色方框表示研究层位);d—研究层位岩性柱状图及其自然伽马曲线(NGR)。

Fig.1 Geological setting of well Lancer 1

图2 Browne组—Hussar组NGR序列深度域旋回分析 a—原始自然伽马曲线(NGR);b—去除70 m的rLOESS趋势后的NGR曲线(紫红色曲线为70 m的rLOESS长期趋势线);c—去趋势后NGR序列的演化能谱分析(eFFT)(滑动窗口设为60 m,步长为0.15 m);d—相关系数分析(COCO);e—演化相关系数分析(eCOCO)(沉积速率范围为1~50 cm/ka,步长为0.3 cm/ka,蒙特卡洛模拟次数为2 000。对于eCOCO分析,滑动窗口为60 m,滑动窗口步长为0.15 m。

Fig.2 Cyclostratigraphic analysis results based on NGR record for the Browne-Hussar formations

表1 等式中各变量的值及其定义

Table 1 Description of equation parameters used in the cyclostratigraphic analysis

符号	值	定义
G	6.67408×10^-11m³/(kg·s²)	重力常数
E_D	0.003273787	地球动力轨率
A	8.008×10³⁷kg/m²	地球赤道惯性矩
C	8.034×10³⁷kg/m²	地球的极惯性矩
$I ⊂$	5.156690°	月球轨道在黄道面上的倾角
e	0.016708634	地球轨道偏心率
$e ⊂$	0.05554553	月球轨道的偏心率
ε	23.43928°	地球倾斜度
a	1.4959802×10¹¹m	地球轨道的半主轴
$a ⊂$	3.833978×10⁸m	月球轨道的半主轴
$m ☉$	1.98855×10³⁰kg	太阳质量
$m ⊂$	7.34767309×10²²kg	月球质量
$ω$		地质历史时期地球自转速率
$ω 0$	7.2921150×10^-5rad/s	现在地球自转速率
$α$		地质历史时期的地月距离
$α 0$	3.833978×10⁸m	现在的地月距离

表1 等式中各变量的值及其定义

Table 1 Description of equation parameters used in the cyclostratigraphic analysis

符号	值	定义
G	6.67408×10^-11m³/(kg·s²)	重力常数
E_D	0.003273787	地球动力轨率
A	8.008×10³⁷kg/m²	地球赤道惯性矩
C	8.034×10³⁷kg/m²	地球的极惯性矩
$I ⊂$	5.156690°	月球轨道在黄道面上的倾角
e	0.016708634	地球轨道偏心率
$e ⊂$	0.05554553	月球轨道的偏心率
ε	23.43928°	地球倾斜度
a	1.4959802×10¹¹m	地球轨道的半主轴
$a ⊂$	3.833978×10⁸m	月球轨道的半主轴
$m ☉$	1.98855×10³⁰kg	太阳质量
$m ⊂$	7.34767309×10²²kg	月球质量
$ω$		地质历史时期地球自转速率
$ω 0$	7.2921150×10^-5rad/s	现在地球自转速率
$α$		地质历史时期的地月距离
$α 0$	3.833978×10⁸m	现在的地月距离

图3 Browne组—Hussar组NGR序列分段MTM分析 Hussar组砂岩段(A段),Hussar组泥岩段(B段),Browen组砂岩段(C段)和Browen组泥岩段(D段)的MTM频谱图。

Fig.3 MTM spectra for NGR record for core sections A-D, Browne-Hussar formations

表2 约800 Ma天文轨道周期、Lancer 1井Hussar组泥岩段B的米兰科维奇旋回周期

Table 2 ~800 Ma Milankovitch cycles and corresponding deposition depths of mudstone interval B, Hussar Formation, well Lancer 1

名称	周期/ka	NGR序列周期/m
名称	Waltham^[58]	Hussar组泥岩段(B段)
长偏心率	405	34
短偏心率	125 95	8~10
斜率	28.9±5.1	1.8~2.7
岁差	18.9±2.2 18.1±2.0 15.8±1.6 15.9±1.6	1.2~1.4
比率	23∶7 ∶ 1.6 ∶1	24~28∶6.6~7.1∶1.5~1.9∶1

图4 Hussar组泥岩段的NGR序列深度域滤波结果红色线为长偏心率滤波信号(用高斯方法利用(0.029 338±0.003) cycles/m作为带通滤波参数);蓝色线为短偏心率滤波信号(用高斯方法利用(0.115 809±0.02) cycles/m作为带通滤波参数)。

Fig.4 NGR record for the mudstone interval, Hussar Formation after Gaussian filtering

图5 Hussar组泥岩段的NGR序列时间域旋回分析 a—去趋势后的NGR曲线及其滤波曲线。红色线为约405 ka滤波信号(用高斯方法利用(0.002 547 75±0.000 5)cycles/ka作为带通滤波参数),蓝色线为约125 ka滤波信号(用高斯方法利用(0.007 834 4±0.001)cycles/ka作为带通滤波参数)。b—时间域2π多窗口频谱分析(MTM)和演化能谱分析(eFFT)(滑动窗口设为500 ka,步长为2 ka)。

Fig.5 Cyclostratigraphy analysis results based on NGR record (after Gaussian filtering) for the mudstone interval of the Hussar Formation

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