基于生物硅记录的孟加拉湾东南部末次冰期以来的古生产力变化

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.15

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 136-143.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.15

• 深海生物地球化学过程 • 上一篇下一篇

基于生物硅记录的孟加拉湾东南部末次冰期以来的古生产力变化

张兰兰¹^,²(), 邱卓雅¹^,²^,³, 向荣¹^,²^,^*(), 杨艺萍¹^,², 陈木宏¹

1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 511458
2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 广东广州 511458
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-09-20 修回日期:2021-12-18 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-28
通讯作者: 向荣
作者简介:张兰兰(1978—),女,研究员,主要从事微体古生物与古海洋学研究。E-mail: llzhang@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0206);国家自然科学基金项目(41876056);国家自然科学基金项目(42176080);国家自然科学基金项目(41576044)

Productivity evolution in the southeastern Bay of Bengal since the last glaciation: Insight from biogenic silica records

ZHANG Lanlan¹^,²(), QIU Zhuoya¹^,²^,³, XIANG Rong¹^,²^,^*(), YANG Yiping¹^,², CHENG Muhong¹

1. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-09-20 Revised:2021-12-18 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-28
Contact: XIANG Rong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于生物硅含量变化,结合碳酸钙和硅质生物放射虫数据,本文揭示了孟加拉湾东南部末次冰期以来的生产力演变规律及其气候响应。研究区域的古生产力演化大致分为3个阶段,即生产力相对低的末次冰期(56~18 ka)、生产力呈阶段性增加的末次冰消期(18~10 ka)以及高生产力的全新世。进一步地,研究发现末次冰期沉积物中放射虫物种主要是具有硅化程度较高的矢状环形结构的轭环虫/双篮虫属占据绝对优势(约60%)、少见硅化程度轻的纤细结构,推测末次冰期沉积物中硅质生物壳体受到明显溶解作用影响,尽管如此,末次冰期碳酸钙含量约20%、生物硅含量3.5%~4.4%、放射虫丰度1 000~6 000枚·g^-1,表明孟加拉湾东南部末次冰期以来的生产力一直处于相对较高的水平,营养盐物质丰富、生物量较高。该结论得到放射虫群落结构中罩笼虫目高相对丰度(>50%)的数据支持,其被认为是营养盐丰富的指标。此外,末次冰消期生物硅含量的阶段性波动变化现象,可能是受千年尺度气候事件的调控引起的,即Heinrich1(HS1)和新仙女木(YD)时期生产力增高、生物量增加,推测与陆源有机物质的输入带来丰富的营养物质进入上层水体、南极中层水入侵带来中层水通风增强促进硅质生物生产力的升高有关。

关键词: 生物硅, 古生产力, 末次冰期, 千年尺度气候事件, 印度洋东北部

Abstract:

Based on the biogenic silica (BSi) records, combined with the calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and siliceous radiolarian data, the evolution of productivity and climatic response in the southeastern Bay of Bengal (SEBoB) since the last glaciation is revealed. The productivity evolution in the study area is roughly divided into three stages: relatively low productivity during the last glaciation (~56-18 ka), rapid productivity increase during the last deglaciation (~18-10 ka), and ultra high productivity during the Holocene. Radiolarian species in the sediments of the last glaciation were dominated (~60%) by highly silicified Zygocircus/Amphispyris with the sagittal ring structure, whereas slender shaped ones with low degree of silicification were few. We speculated that the shell structure of siliceous organisms in the glacial sediments were affected by dissolution. Nevertheless, the calcium carbonate content (~20%), BSi content (3.5%-4.4%), and radiolarian abundance (1000-6000 inds·g^-1) in the last glaciation indicated that productivity in the SEBoB had been relatively high, since the last glaciation with abundant nutrients and biomass. This conclusion was supported by the relatively high abundance of nassellarians (>50%)—an indicator of rich nutrients. In addition, the periodic fluctuation of Bsi contents in the last deglaciation might be controlled by millennium scale climate events. During the Heinrich Stadial 1 intervals (HS1) and Younger Dryas (YD), the climate cooled, enhanced northeast monsoon carried more terrigenous organic matter into the upper water, and the invasion of antarctic intermediate water enhanced intermediate water ventilation while biomass and productivity peaked.

Key words: biogenic silica, palaeoproductivity, last glaciation, millennial events, northeastern Indian Ocean

中图分类号:

张兰兰, 邱卓雅, 向荣, 杨艺萍, 陈木宏. 基于生物硅记录的孟加拉湾东南部末次冰期以来的古生产力变化[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 136-143.

ZHANG Lanlan, QIU Zhuoya, XIANG Rong, YANG Yiping, CHENG Muhong. Productivity evolution in the southeastern Bay of Bengal since the last glaciation: Insight from biogenic silica records[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 136-143.

图/表 5

图1 研究站位YDY05孔的地理位置图 NMC为东北季风海流(冬季表层流)、SMC为西南季风海流(夏季表层流)[10-11];图中BOB-56孔和MD77-176孔为本文对比站位,分别来自Liu等[1]和Yu等[12]。

Fig.1 Geographical locations of cores YDY05 (this study), BOB-56 (after [1]) and MD77-176 (after [16)], and currents in the study area (adapted from [14,15]). NMC—Northeast monsoon current; SMC—Southwest monsoon current.

表1 柱状样YDY05孔年龄框架建立所用的AMS14C测年数据[3,17]

Table 1 AMS14C ages and converted calendar ages for core YDY05. Adapted from [3,17].

样本序号	孔深/cm	测年材料	AMS¹⁴C年龄/(a BP)	日历年龄/(a BP)	2σ校正年龄/(a BP)
391109	7	混合浮游有孔虫种	5 190±30	5 440	5 280~5 570
391110	25	混合浮游有孔虫种	9 490±40	10 200	10 100~10 365
391111	53~54	混合浮游有孔虫种	13 730±50	15 855	15 660~16 070
408429	94~95	混合浮游有孔虫种	20 510±70	24 590	24 460~24 960
391112	122~123	混合浮游有孔虫种	23 350±100	27 210	27 000~27 380
408430	175	混合浮游有孔虫种	35 590±280	40 195	39 605~40 840
391113	237	混合浮游有孔虫种	>43 500

图2 YDY05孔沉积速率、碳酸钙含量、生物硅含量、生物硅堆积速率、放射虫丰度和放射虫堆积速率变化 EHCO、YD、HS1分别表示早全新世气候最适期、新仙女木事件、Heinrich 1冷事件。

Fig.2 From left: Variability of sedimentation rate, calcium carbonate content, biogenic silica content, biogenic silica accumulation rate, and radiolarian abundance and accumulation rate in core YDY05. EHCO—Early Holocene Climate Optimum; YD—Younger Dryas; HS1—Heinrich Stadial 1 intervals.

图3 YDY05孔年龄-深度曲线、放射虫多样性指数、泡沫虫相对丰度、罩笼虫相对丰度和轭环虫/双篮虫相对丰度变化,以及末次冰期以来的相对海平面高度(据文献[28])

Fig.3 From left: Age-depth curve, radiolarian diversity index and relative abundances of spumellarian, nassellarian and Zygocircus/Amphispyris in core YDY05, and relative sea level change since the last glaciation (adapted from [28]).

图4 YDY05孔生物硅含量及其堆积速率变化,与BOB-56孔生物硅含量及其堆积速率变化[1]的对比 YD、HS1分别表示新仙女木事件、Heinrich 1冷事件。

Fig.4 Comparisons of biogenic silica content and accumulation rate between cores YDY05 (this study) and BOB-56 (after [1]). YD—Younger Dryas; HS1—Heinrich Stadial 1 intervals.

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基于生物硅记录的孟加拉湾东南部末次冰期以来的古生产力变化

Productivity evolution in the southeastern Bay of Bengal since the last glaciation: Insight from biogenic silica records

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