松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探:白垩纪恐龙时代陆相地质记录

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.4

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 412-430.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.4

• 环境变化与生物圈层相互作用 • 上一篇下一篇

松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探:白垩纪恐龙时代陆相地质记录

王成善¹^,²(), 高远¹^,², 王璞珺³, 吴怀春¹^,⁴, 吕庆田⁵, 朱永宜⁶, 万晓樵¹^,², 邹长春⁷, 黄永建¹^,², 高有峰³, 席党鹏¹^,², 王稳石⁶, 贺怀宇⁸, 冯子辉⁹, 杨光¹⁰, 邓成龙⁸, 张来明¹^,², 王天天¹^,¹¹, 胡滨¹^,², 崔立伟¹², 彭诚⁷, 余恩晓¹³, 黄何¹⁴, 杨柳², 毋正轩²

1.中国地质大学(北京) 生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
3.吉林大学地球科学学院, 吉林长春 130026
4.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院, 北京 100083
5.中国地质科学院, 北京 100037
6.中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所, 河北廊坊 065000
7.中国地质大学(北京) 地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京 100083
8.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
9.中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院, 黑龙江大庆 163712
10.中国石油吉林油田分公司勘探部, 吉林松原 138000
11.中国地质大学(北京) 科学研究院, 北京 100083
12.中国地质调查局自然资源实物地质资料中心, 河北廊坊 101149
13.海南野火科技有限公司, 海南海口 570100
14.成都理工大学沉积地质研究院, 四川成都 610059

收稿日期:2023-12-10 修回日期:2023-12-29 出版日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-01-25
作者简介:王成善(1951—),男,教授,中国科学院院士,主要从事沉积学、深时古气候学等方面研究。E-mail: chshwang@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金委基础科学中心项目(41888101);科学技术部国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF0803303)

International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin: Terrestrial Geological Records of the Cretaceous Dinosaur Age

WANG Chengshan¹^,²(), GAO Yuan¹^,², WANG Pujun³, WU Huaichun¹^,⁴, LÜ Qingtian⁵, ZHU Yongyi⁶, WAN Xiaoqiao¹^,², ZOU Changchun⁷, HUANG Yongjian¹^,², GAO Youfeng³, XI Dangpeng¹^,², WANG Wenshi⁶, HE Huaiyu⁸, FENG Zihui⁹, YANG Guang¹⁰, DENG Chenglong⁸, ZHANG Laiming¹^,², WANG Tiantian¹^,¹¹, HU Bin¹^,², CUI Liwei¹², PENG Cheng⁷, YU Enxiao¹³, HUANG He¹⁴, YANG Liu², WU Zhengxuan²

1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
4. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
5. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
6. Institute of Exploration Techniques, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
7. School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
8. Stale Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
9. Exploration and Development Research Institute, Daqing Oilfield Limited Corporation Ltd., PetroChina, Daqing 163712, China
10. Exploration Department, Jilin Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Songyuan 138000, China
11. Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
12. China Geological Survey, Geological Information Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Langfang 101149, China
13. Hainan Wildfire Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
14. Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Received:2023-12-10 Revised:2023-12-29 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-01-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

过去一百年地球的气候持续变暖,未来地球可能进入两极无冰的温室气候状态。白垩纪是深时典型的温室气候时期,认识白垩纪气候对于理解过去和预测未来气候变化均有重要意义。松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探以研究白垩纪陆地气候与环境演变、探索大规模陆相有机质富集机理为科学目标,在国际大陆科学钻探计划ICDP框架下,成为全球第一口钻穿白垩纪陆相地层的大陆科学钻探井。项目历时16年,以超97%的取心率获得连续完整的8 187 m岩心,建立了松辽盆地陆相白垩系高精度年代地层框架,重建了松辽盆地白垩纪多时间尺度陆地气候旋回与气候事件,揭示了白垩纪湖-海平面波动机理,确认了松辽盆地发生过海侵事件。松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探推动了全球地质学家合作研究白垩纪温室气候,带动了一系列高水平学术成果的产出,为松辽盆地油气勘探可持续发展提供了重要科学支撑,产生了显著的社会效益和重大的国际与国内影响。松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探代表了探索深时的一个具有里程碑意义的阶段。可以预见,未来借助科学钻探,人类会不断增强对深时气候环境演化等方面的认识。

关键词: 国际大陆科学钻探计划, 松辽盆地, 白垩纪, 古气候, 年代地层格架, 海侵事件

Abstract:

Over the past century the Earth has experienced continued warming, and it may enter a Greenhouse Earth state in the future with no ice at the poles. The Cretaceous was a typical Greenhouse period in deep time; thus, understanding the Cretaceous climate is important for interpreting past climate changes and predicting future trends. The ICDP (International Continental Drilling Program) Songliao Basin drilling project is the world's first continental scientific drilling project to penetrate the Cretaceous continental strata; it is aimed to investigate Cretaceous terrestrial climate and environmental changes, and to explore the mechanisms of massive terrestrial organic accumulation and enrichment. Spanning 16 years, this project achieves a continuous, complete 8187-meter core (recovery rate >97%, establishes a high-precision chronostratigraphic framework for the Cretaceous continental strata, reconstructs multi-temporal-scale terrestrial climate cycles and climate events during the Cretaceous period, reveals the mechanisms of Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations, and confirms marine incursion events in the Songliao Basin. This project has promoted global collaboration among geologists to study the Cretaceous greenhouse Earth, leading to a series of high-impact research achievements, and it has provided crucial scientific support for the sustainable development of oil and gas exploration in the Songliao Basin, generating significant social benefits and substantial international and domestic influence. This project represents a milestone in exploring deep-time Earth, and it is foreseeable that in the future, with the aid of scientific drilling, humans will continue to enhance their understanding of deep-time climatic and environmental evolution.

Key words: International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), Songliao Basin, Cretaceous, paleoclimate, chronostratigraphic framework, marine incursion events

中图分类号:

P532
P534.53

王成善, 高远, 王璞珺, 吴怀春, 吕庆田, 朱永宜, 万晓樵, 邹长春, 黄永建, 高有峰, 席党鹏, 王稳石, 贺怀宇, 冯子辉, 杨光, 邓成龙, 张来明, 王天天, 胡滨, 崔立伟, 彭诚, 余恩晓, 黄何, 杨柳, 毋正轩. 松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探:白垩纪恐龙时代陆相地质记录[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(1): 412-430.

WANG Chengshan, GAO Yuan, WANG Pujun, WU Huaichun, LÜ Qingtian, ZHU Yongyi, WAN Xiaoqiao, ZOU Changchun, HUANG Yongjian, GAO Youfeng, XI Dangpeng, WANG Wenshi, HE Huaiyu, FENG Zihui, YANG Guang, DENG Chenglong, ZHANG Laiming, WANG Tiantian, HU Bin, CUI Liwei, PENG Cheng, YU Enxiao, HUANG He, YANG Liu, WU Zhengxuan. International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin: Terrestrial Geological Records of the Cretaceous Dinosaur Age[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(1): 412-430.

图/表 17

图1 国际大陆科学钻探全球分布 (据文献[3-4]修改;世界地图来自 http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/,审图号GS(2016)1667号)

Fig.1 Global distribution of ICDP drilling sites. Modified from [3-4]. World map from http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/.

图2 国际大陆科学钻探古气候研究项目获取连续地质记录的时代分布(据文献[5]修改)

Fig.2 Time span of continuous geological records obtained from ICDP paleoclimate research projects. Modified from [5].

图3 深时、第四纪气候演化历史与未来气候变化预测(据文献[8,14]修改) 深时、第四纪气候记录分别选取过去1亿年、过去80万年为代表。

Fig.3 The history of deep time and Quaternary climate evolution and prediction of future climate change. Modified from [8,14].

图4 晚白垩世全球古地理图(a)与松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探三井四孔位置(b) SK-1n:松科一井北孔;SK-1s:松科一井南孔;SK-2:松科二井;SK-3:松科三井。各主要大陆的面积已在图a中标出。 (据文献[24]修改;图b的中国地图来自 http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/,审图号GS(2023)2767号)

Fig.4 Global paleogeographic map showing the Late Cretaceous period (a) and the location of drilling sites, Songliao Basin (b). Modified from [24].

图5 全球典型陆相沉积盆地沉积时限对比图(据专著[27]修改)

Fig.5 Comparison of sedimentation durations of typical terrestrial sedimentary basins worldwide. Modified from [27].

图6 松辽盆地剖面及松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探“三井四孔”位置(据文献[25]修改) 剖面线位置A-A’见图4(b)。

Fig.6 Profile A-A’ of the Songliao Basin and location of drilling sites. Modified from [25]. Profile location see Fig.4(b).

图7 松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探ϕ311 mm口径取心(a)与单回次40 m长度取心(b)

Fig.7 ϕ311-mm borehole core (a) and 40-m single barrel core (b) from the Songliao Basin drilling project

图8 松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探取心率和取心长度与ICDP其他项目对比(据文献[4]修改)

Fig.8 Comparison of core recovery rates and core lengths between the Songliao Basin drilling project and other ICDP projects. Modified from [4].

图9 松辽盆地年代地层框架在大陆科学钻探实施前后的变化(自文献[38,40⇓-42,44⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-51]) 前人成果中:王璞珺等(1995)通过K-Ar对泉头组-嫩江组进行定年[46];黄清华等(1999)通过裂变径迹和K-Ar进行定年[47];Sha(2007)进行了海陆相地层和同位素年龄对比[48]。松辽科钻成果中:He et al.(2012)对松科一井进行SIMS U-Pb定年[44];Deng et al.(2013)对松科一井进行磁性地层学分析[45];Wu et al.(2013,2014)对松科一井进行旋回分析[41-42];Wang et al.(2016)对松科一井进行CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb定年[38];Yu et al.(2019,2020)对松科二井进行SIMS定年[49-50];Liu et al.(2021)对沙河子组进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年[40];Yin et al.(2019)对松科二井基底进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年[51]。

Fig.9 Changes in the chronostratigraphic framework of Songliao Basin before and after the implementation of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program

图10 不同时间尺度的气候变化(据文献[59]修改)

Fig.10 Climate change at different time scales. Modified from [59].

图11 松辽盆地白垩纪古气候记录(据文献[23,52,60⇓⇓⇓-64]修改)

Fig.11 Paleoclimatic records of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin. Modified from [23,52,60⇓⇓⇓-64].

图12 松辽盆地青山口组17万年非常规周期(据文献[58]修改) a—松科一井南孔青山口组岩性地层柱;b—TOC含量;c—有机碳同位素曲线;d—去趋势TOC时间序列的MTM谱分析结果,显示出高置信度约17万年天文周期。

Fig.12 170-kyr unconventional rock cycle in the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin. Modified from [58].

图13 白垩纪-古近纪界线前后松辽盆地气候-环境-生物记录(据文献[62,69-70]修改) a—磁性地层柱;b—旋回地层柱(基于Th测井数据);c—古土壤碳酸盐δ13C;d—古土壤碳酸盐δ18O;e—化学蚀变指数(CIA);f—CO2浓度;g—温度;h—Hg浓度;i—物种。

Fig.13 Geological records of the Songliao Basin before and after the K-Pg boundary. Modified from [62,69-70].

图14 晚白垩世斜率驱动的陆地含水层-海平面变化(据文献[57]修改)

Fig.14 Obliquity-forced aquifer-eustasy during the Late Cretaceous. Modified from [57].

图15 松辽盆地海侵事件的地球化学和古生物学记录(据文献[24,79⇓-81]修改) 嫩江组一、二段出现的井深突变系松科一井北孔底部和松科一井南孔顶部拼接结果。

Fig.15 Geochemical and paleontological records of marine incursion events in the Songliao Basin. Modified from [24,79⇓-81].

图16 北美西部内陆海道和松辽盆地地质图(a,b)及其水体分层模型(c,d)(据文献[24]修改)

Fig.16 Water stratification models for the Western Interior Seaway of North America (a, b) and the Songliao Basin (c, d). Modified from [24].

图17 松辽盆地大陆科学钻探实施以来学术论文发布汇总 a—以“Songliao”为关键词检索论文数量及年代占比图;b—论文发表统计图,其中红色条柱代表中国科学家发表论文,蓝色条柱代表其他国家科学家发表论文,数据来源于Web of Science。

Fig.17 Summary of academic papers published since the implementation of Songliao Basin drilling project (data from Web of Science)

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松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探:白垩纪恐龙时代陆相地质记录

International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin: Terrestrial Geological Records of the Cretaceous Dinosaur Age

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