地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 300-309.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.9.54

• 古气候模拟 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原隆升气候效应的数值模拟研究进展概述

孙辉1,2(), 刘晓东1,3,*()   

  1. 1.中国科学院 地球环境研究所 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710061
    2.国家科技资源共享服务平台 国家地球系统科学数据中心, 北京 100101
    3.中国科学院大学 地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-22 修回日期:2021-07-07 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-08-24
  • 通信作者: 刘晓东
  • 作者简介:孙 辉(1985—),男,助理研究员,主要从事气候和环境变化数值模拟研究工作。E-mail: sunhui@ieecas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41690115);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB40030100);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20070103)

Numerical simulation of the climate effects of the Tibetan Plateau uplift: A review of research advances

SUN Hui1,2(), LIU Xiaodong1,3,*()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
    2. National Earth System Science Data Center, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China, Beijing 100101, China
    3. School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2021-06-22 Revised:2021-07-07 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-08-24
  • Contact: LIU Xiaodong

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摘要：

青藏高原隆升作为新生代的重大地质事件对亚洲乃至全球气候环境变化产生了深远的影响,因而高原隆升的气候环境效应一直是备受关注的重要科学问题。在过去近半个世纪中,国内外学者利用气候数值模式开展了大量高原地形气候效应的数值模拟研究,这些研究结果极大地提升了对地形抬升影响气候的物理机制以及高原隆升对古气候演化驱动作用的认识。本文简要回顾了过去有关青藏高原隆升气候效应数值模拟研究的进展,并按照高原隆升模拟研究发展的3个阶段总结了目前取得的主要研究成果。从数值模拟结果看,新生代以来青藏高原在隆升、生长和北移过程中其动力和热力作用对东亚季风的形成、南亚季风的演化、内陆干旱化的发展以及亚洲季风-干旱环境格局的变迁都具有深远的影响。青藏高原及其周边不同区域地形隆升的气候效应不同,青藏高原隆升的气候效应与大陆漂移背景下海陆分布和古地理格局的变化密切相关。南亚热带季风的建立是由大陆漂移的位置和热带辐合带季节性移动共同决定的,而东亚季风的建立则主要取决于青藏高原的隆升和北移。亚洲副热带干旱区的存在取决于大陆的位置和行星尺度副热带高压的控制,而亚洲内陆中纬度干旱区的形成则是青藏高原隆升的结果。本文最后简要梳理了高原隆升气候效应数值模拟研究目前存在的问题和未来可能的改进。

关键词: 青藏高原隆升, 数值模拟, 气候变化, 亚洲季风, 干旱化

Abstract:

The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is a major Cenozoic geological event that profoundly impacted the Asian as well as global climate and environmental changes. For nearly half a century, researchers have investigated the effects of the uplift through numerical simulation using various models, and the results have substantially improved the mechanistic understanding of the uplift induced climate change and its role in driving the evolution of paleoclimate. This paper briefly reviews the advances in the numerical simulation of the climate effects of the uplift, then summarizes and introduces the main achievements by three stages of simulation studies. The most recent studies show that during its uplift, growth and northward movement since the Cenozoic, the dynamic and thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau have a profound impact on the formation of the East Asian monsoon, evolution of the South Asian monsoon, development of aridity in inner Asia, and change in the Asian monsoon-arid environmental pattern. The climate effects of the uplift are different in different parts of the plateau and surrounding regions, and closely related to the changes in land-sea distribution and paleogeographic patterns under the background of continental drift. The establishment of the south subtropical monsoon is determined by the location of continental drift and the seasonal movement of the tropical convergence zone; whilst the establishment of the East Asian monsoon is primarily determined by the uplift and the northward movement of the plateau. The existence of Asian subtropical arid areas depends on the position of the continent and the control of planetary-scale subtropical highs. The formation of Asian inland arid areas at mid-latitude is the result of the plateau uplift. Finally, we discuss the existing problems and possible improvements to the numerical simulation.

Key words: uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, numerical simulation, climate change, Asian monsoon, aridification

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