地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 290-307.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.8.56

• 流体运聚表征 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴达木盆地氦气富集规律与有利区预测

徐朱松1,2,3(), 李剑1,2,3,*(), 王晓波1,2,3,*(), 崔会英1,2,3, 田继先1,2,3, 国建英1,2,3, 李婉婷1,2, 夏雨田1,2,3, 陶士振1,2,3, 陈大伟1,2,3   

  1. 1.中国石油集团科学技术研究院有限公司, 北京 100083
    2.中国石油天然气股份有限公司 勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    3.中国石油天然气集团有限公司 天然气成藏与开发重点实验室, 河北 廊坊 065007
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-10 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通信作者: 李剑,王晓波
  • 作者简介:徐朱松(1993—),男,博士后,主要从事天然气及氦气成藏物理模拟等研究。E-mail: zhusongxu1222@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA0719004);中国石油天然气集团有限公司关键核心技术攻关项目(2021ZG13);中国石油集团科技管理部超前战略储备基金项目(2018D-500802);中国石油股份有限公司科技项目(2021DJ06);中国石油股份有限公司科技项目(2022KT0901-5)

Helium accumulation regulations and prediction of favorable areas in the Qaidam Basin

XU Zhusong1,2,3(), LI Jian1,2,3,*(), WANG Xiaobo1,2,3,*(), CUI Huiying1,2,3, TIAN Jixian1,2,3, GUO Jianying1,2,3, LI Wanting1,2, XIA Yutian1,2,3, TAO Shizhen1,2,3, CHEN Dawei1,2,3   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Science and Technology, CNPC, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Gas Reservoir Formation and Development, CNPC, Langfang 065007, China
  • Received:2025-08-10 Revised:2025-08-20 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: LI Jian, WANG Xiaobo

摘要: 氦气是重要的战略稀缺资源,在柴达木盆地已发现多个富氦气藏,但对氦气富集主控因素和成藏规律的研究比较笼统,缺乏对盆地内富氦气藏成藏模式的研究。基于对柴达木盆地天然气开展的氦气含量测试,结合基底岩性分布、构造特征等地质背景资料,对柴达木盆地氦气分布特征、来源及富集主控因素进行分析,建立氦气成藏模式。结果表明:东坪3井区、尖北、马北等气藏为富-中氦气藏,东坪1井区、牛中、牛东、昆特依、南八仙等气藏为低-贫氦气藏,富-中氦气藏分布在盆地边缘的山前隆起带的中-浅层部位;氦气属于典型的壳源成因,主要来源于花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗片麻岩等古老基底岩石,泥页岩、页岩等沉积岩系作为补充;氦气富集主要受古老基底岩石、活跃的地下水、适量的天然气充注以及构造隆升运动控制。广泛分布的基底花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗片麻岩提供了充足的氦源;活跃的地下水有利于氦气的保存和富集;适量的天然气充注控制了氦气的含量;多期次的构造隆升运动不仅为氦气的运移提供了高效的通道和动力,还为氦气的聚集提供了有利条件。结合柴达木盆地地质构造背景和氦气富集控制因素,预测盆地边缘的祁连山、昆仑山和阿尔金山三大山前古隆起/古斜坡区是氦气资源富集有利区。

关键词: 氦气, 柴达木盆地, 富集规律, 成藏模式, 远景区

Abstract:

Helium is an important strategic scarce resource. Several helium-rich gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Qaidam Basin. However, research on the main controlling factors of helium enrichment and the mechanisms governing helium accumulation remains limited, and there is a lack of established models for helium-rich gas reservoir accumulation in the basin. Based on helium content measurements of natural gas within the Qaidam Basin, combined with geological background data such as basement lithology distribution and tectonic features, we analysed the distribution characteristics, sources, and main controlling factors of helium enrichment. We then proposed a helium reservoir formation model. The results show that the gas reservoirs in the Dongping 3 block, Jianbei, and Mabei are medium-high grade helium reservoirs, while those in the Dongping 1 block, Niuzhong, Niudong, Kuntai, and Nanbaxian are low-grade to depleted helium reservoirs. The medium-high grade helium reservoirs are distributed within the middle-shallow piedmont uplift zone at the basin margin. The helium is typically crustal-derived, originating primarily from ancient basement rocks (e.g., granite, granodiorite, granodiorite gneiss), with minor contributions from sedimentary rocks such as mudstone and shale. Helium enrichment is primarily controlled by four key factors: (1) ancient basement rocks constituting abundant helium sources, (2) active groundwater facilitating preservation and enrichment, (3) sufficient natural gas injection governing helium concentration, and (4) multi-phase tectonic uplift movements. These uplift movements provide efficient pathways and driving forces for helium migration, while also creating favourable sites for helium accumulation. Based on the geological and tectonic background of the Qaidam Basin and the controlling factors of helium enrichment, the three major piedmont palaeo-uplift/palaeo-slope zones along the basin margins - adjacent to the Qilian Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, and Altun Mountains - are predicted to be favourable areas for helium enrichment.

Key words: helium, Qaidam Basin, enrichment law, helium accumulation model, prospective areas

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