地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 258-277.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.17

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四川盆地大探1井富氦天然气勘探突破及成藏主控因素

刘祥柏1(), 陶士振1,*(), 杨岱林2, 谢武仁1, 赵容容3, 田兴旺2, 王云龙4, 高建荣1, 柳庄小雪1, 李超正1, 宋泽章5, 陈燕燕1, 杨怡青1, 陈悦1   

  1. 1.中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    2.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院, 四川 成都 610041
    3.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探事业部, 四川 成都 610041
    4.中国石油西南油气田公司, 四川 成都 610051
    5.中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-12 修回日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通信作者: 陶士振
  • 作者简介:刘祥柏(1991—),男,博士后,主要从事氦气地质、石油地质和油气成藏综合研究。E-mail: xiangbai_liu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气集团有限公司关键核心技术项目(2021ZG13)

Breakthrough in exploration of helium rich natural gas in Well Datan 1 of Sichuan Basin and main control factors for reservoir formation

LIU Xiangbai1(), TAO Shizhen1,*(), YANG Dailin2, XIE Wuren1, ZHAO Rongrong3, TIAN Xingwang2, WANG Yunlong4, GAO Jianrong1, LIU Zhuangxiaoxue1, LI Chaozheng1, SONG Zezhang5, CHEN Yanyan1, YANG Yiqing1, CHEN Yue1   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, China
    3. Exploration Division, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, China
    4. PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610051, China
    5. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2024-04-12 Revised:2024-09-18 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: TAO Shizhen

摘要:

近期,四川盆地大探1井在震旦系灯影组二段(灯二段)、灯影组四段(灯四段)分别测试获天然气42×104 m3/d、81×104 m3/d,在对天然气组分氦气含量的检测中发现,灯二段、灯四段天然气氦气含量均达到0.1%的富氦天然气级别。为了探究大探1井富氦天然气的油气成藏地质条件及氦气富集机理,通过对大探1井天然气地球化学特征的研究,明确了天然气的成因、氦气的成因及来源。通过对大探1井区基底构造条件的综合分析,探讨了氦气富集的主控因素,深化了氦气富集机理认识,有助于指导下一步寻找富氦天然气。研究结果表明:大探1井天然气烃类组分特征与威远气田、资阳气田、安岳气田相似,以CH4为主,非烃气体主要为CO2和N2,大探1井和威远气田氦气含量较高,达到了富氦天然气的标准;安岳气田总体氦气含量较低,属于贫-含氦气藏;资阳气田部分井氦气含量较高,可以达到富氦天然气的标准。大探1井和威远气田灯影组气藏氦气主要是壳源放射性成因的,大探1井底部和威远地区底部广泛发育的花岗岩基底是大探1井和威远气田灯影组气藏氦气的主力氦源。通源断裂的广泛发育为基底氦气的释放和运移提供了路径,为大探1井富氦天然气藏的形成提供了有效的运移通道,良好的保存条件是大探1井富氦天然气形成的重要因素之一。在正向构造单元寻找构造作用改造过的有效的圈闭,在负向构造单元寻找烃源岩和富含放射性元素的各类岩石,尤其是广泛发育的古老基底花岗岩,建立圈闭—断层—烃源、氦源的有效配置,是寻找富氦气藏的新的勘探思路。

关键词: 氦气, 大探1井, 灯影组, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Recently, the second and fourth members (Deng 2 Member and Deng 4 Member) of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Well Datan 1, Sichuan Basin, obtained natural gas at rates of 42×104 m3/d and 81×104 m3/d, respectively. Helium content in both members reached 0.1%, meeting the criterion for helium-rich natural gas. To investigate geological conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation and helium enrichment mechanisms, we researched the geochemical characterization of natural gas in Well Datan 1, clarifying its genesis and helium source. Comprehensive analysis of basement tectonic conditions explored main controlling factors of helium enrichment, deepening the understanding for future exploration. Results show hydrocarbon composition characteristics are similar to those of the Weiyuan, Ziyang, and Anyue gas fields. The dominant hydrocarbon is CH4, and main non-hydrocarbon components are CO2 and N2. Helium content is higher in Well Datan 1 and the Weiyuan Gas Field, lower in the Anyue Gas Field, and variable (locally high) in the Ziyang Gas Field. Helium in Well Datan 1 and Dengying Formation reservoirs of the Weiyuan Gas Field is primarily of crustal, radiogenic origin. The widely developed granite basement beneath Well Datan 1 and Weiyuan Gas Field is its main source. Extensively developed through-source fractures provide migration pathways for basement-derived helium, enabling helium enrichment in Well Datan 1. Good preservation conditions are also critical. We propose a new exploration concept: targeting helium-rich reservoirs by identifying tectonically modified traps in positive tectonic units, combined with hydrocarbon source rocks and radioactive-element-rich rocks (e.g., ancient basement granites) in negative tectonic units. Establishing effective trap-fault-source configurations is essential.

Key words: helium, Well Datan 1, Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin

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