四川盆地安岳气田贫氦原因探究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.9

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 278-289.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.9

四川盆地安岳气田贫氦原因探究

陈耿荣¹^,²(), 李靖¹^,^*(), 孙东³, 周世新¹, 柳亮亮¹^,², 王昊¹^,², 庞文君¹^,², 吴雨航¹^,²

1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃兰州 730000
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.中国石油集团西北地质研究所, 甘肃兰州 730022

收稿日期:2024-06-18 修回日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者: 李靖
作者简介:陈耿荣(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事氦气成藏地质学研究。E-mail: chengengrong04@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42372178);国家自然科学基金项目(42172178);中国科学院稳定支持青年团队计划项目(YSBR-017);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6GA031)

Cause of helium-poor in Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin

CHEN Gengrong¹^,²(), LI Jing¹^,^*(), SUN Dong³, ZHOU Shixin¹, LIU Liangliang¹^,², WANG Hao¹^,², PANG Wenjun¹^,², WU Yuhang¹^,²

1. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Northwest Geological Research Institute of China National Petroleum Corporation, Lanzhou 730022, China

Received:2024-06-18 Revised:2024-10-21 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
Contact: LI Jing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四川盆地是我国重要的天然气生产基地。盆地内的威远气田氦浓度高,是我国最早实现氦气工业化利用的天然气田。安岳气田与威远气田同处乐山—龙女寺古隆起带,但其氦气含量显著低于后者。为了探究安岳气田贫氦的原因,研究系统分析、对比了安岳气田与威远气田天然气样品的气体组分和氮、稀有气体同位素特征,结合区域地质背景,剖析了安岳气田氦气成藏条件的制约因素。安岳气田天然气氦浓度为0.012%~0.089%,含氦样品(He>0.05%)仅占10%,集中分布于高石梯区块西缘的灯二段;含氦样品和贫氦样品显示不同的氦氮耦合富集趋势和氮同位素特征,前者与威远气田特征相近,其氦源可能为基底中酸性变质岩,后者氦氮来源可能为筇竹寺组泥页岩;氦源条件是制约安岳气田氦气富集的主要因素。此外,安岳气田天然气资源量巨大,气藏中充注的大量烃类气体对氦气具有严重的稀释作用;稀有气体同位素证据表明安岳气田中的气水作用明显弱于威远气田,相对平缓的构造圈闭和高储层压力制约了氦气通过地层水脱溶富集,以上两点也是安岳气田贫氦的重要原因。

关键词: 氦气, 安岳气田, 贫氦原因, 氦气来源, 充注强度, 气水作用, 储层压力

Abstract:

The Sichuan Basin serves as a crucial natural gas production base in China. Within the basin, the Weiyuan gas field exhibits a high helium concentration and represents the first natural gas field in China to achieve industrial helium utilization. Both the Anyue and Weiyuan gas fields are situated within the Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift belt, but the helium content of the Anyue field is significantly lower than that of Weiyuan. To investigate the causes of helium deficiency in the Anyue gas field, this study systematically analyzes and compares the gas composition, nitrogen, and noble gas isotope characteristics of natural gas samples from both fields. The constraints on helium accumulation conditions in the Anyue field are also analyzed in conjunction with the regional geological background. The helium concentration in natural gas from the Anyue gas field ranges from 0.012% to 0.089%. Only 10% of the samples contain helium concentrations exceeding 0.05% (He>0.05%), and these are concentrated in the Deng-2 Member of the Sinian Dengying Formation at the western edge of the Gaoshiti block. The helium-containing and helium-poor samples exhibit distinct helium-nitrogen coupling enrichment trends and nitrogen isotope signatures. The former group resembles the characteristics observed in the Weiyuan gas field, suggesting a possible helium source from intermediate-acid metamorphic rocks. In contrast, the helium and nitrogen in the latter group may originate from the mud shales of the Qiongzhusi Formation. The availability of a helium source is identified as the primary factor constraining helium enrichment in the Anyue gas field. Additionally, the Anyue gas field possesses enormous natural gas reserves. The massive influx of hydrocarbon gases into the reservoir significantly dilutes the helium concentration. Noble gas isotope evidence further indicates that gas-water interaction within the Anyue field is considerably weaker than in the Weiyuan field. The combination of gentler structural traps and higher reservoir pressure restricts the exsolution and enrichment of helium via formation water. These two factors are also crucial reasons for the helium deficiency in the Anyue gas field.

Key words: helium, Anyue gas field, helium-poor cause, helium source, charging intensity, gas-water interaction, reservoir pressure

中图分类号:

P593

陈耿荣, 李靖, 孙东, 周世新, 柳亮亮, 王昊, 庞文君, 吴雨航. 四川盆地安岳气田贫氦原因探究[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(5): 278-289.

CHEN Gengrong, LI Jing, SUN Dong, ZHOU Shixin, LIU Liangliang, WANG Hao, PANG Wenjun, WU Yuhang. Cause of helium-poor in Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 278-289.

图/表 9

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井位	产层	产层压力/ MPa	主要气体组分/%
井位	产层	产层压力/ MPa	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	He	CO₂	N₂	H₂S
GS125	灯四段	57.09	90.39	0.04	0.01	0.026	6.45	2.32	0.22
GS018-2-H1	灯四段	—	92.08	0.05	0.00	0.023	6.41	1.07	0.03
GS018-4-H1	灯四段	56.57	91.57	0.05	0.00	0.025	6.59	1.39	0.09
GS103-C1	灯四段	38.82	92.87	0.05	0.01	0.020	5.53	1.13	0.32
GS001-H39	灯四段	56.70	93.16	0.06	0.01	0.017	5.32	0.75	0.58
GS001-X40	灯四段	55.50	91.49	0.04	0.00	0.017	6.22	1.08	0.66
GS3	灯四段	53.39	93.19	0.16	0.06	0.020	4.06	0.81	1.48
MX8	灯四段	56.77	95.90	0.32	0.10	0.013	2.04	0.73	0.34
MX019-H2	灯四段	56.99	92.35	0.07	0.02	0.022	4.96	0.84	1.20
MX022-H33	灯四段	56.44	93.21	0.04	0.00	0.020	5.01	1.62	0.08
MX118	灯四段	59.47	92.55	0.05	0.00	0.021	5.25	1.04	0.95
GS001-X41	灯四段	55.54	92.39	0.04	0.00	0.019	5.50	0.75	1.25
GS001-H26	灯四段	55.74	92.14	0.05	0.00	0.021	4.98	1.04	1.75
GS001-X22	灯四段	56.59	92.68	0.04	0.00	0.025	5.06	1.33	0.82
GS001-X25	灯四段	56.41	92.35	0.04	0.00	0.019	5.86	0.70	1.00
GS001-X29	灯四段	—	92.71	0.04	0.00	0.021	5.53	0.94	0.71
GS001-X3	灯四段	56.47	92.54	0.04	0.00	0.020	6.58	0.17	0.63
GS001-X35	灯四段	56.04	92.82	0.04	0.00	0.019	5.21	0.78	1.10
GS001-X36	灯四段	58.21	93.01	0.04	0.00	0.022	5.37	1.04	0.48
GS001-H15	灯四段	—	92.48	0.04	0.00	0.020	5.20	1.02	1.08
GS135	灯二段	52.95	93.03	0.14	0.04	0.021	4.98	0.77	0.86
GS131X	灯二段	57.18	92.59	0.04	0.00	0.040	5.21	1.55	0.51
GS009-H1	灯二段	56.45	92.32	0.20	0.06	0.036	5.21	1.10	0.54
GS009-H2	灯二段	56.70	92.67	0.12	0.04	0.061	4.87	1.83	0.12
GS009-H3	灯二段	53.20	92.66	0.04	0.00	0.054	4.83	1.98	0.26
GS009-H4	灯二段	57.02	91.50	0.04	0.00	0.057	5.47	2.04	0.46
PT1	灯二段	—	92.76	0.08	0.00	0.016	2.96	1.96	1.90
PT101	灯二段	—	93.86	0.08	0.00	0.016	2.35	1.51	2.06
PT102	灯二段	—	93.43	0.07	0.00	0.017	3.01	1.07	2.37
GS123	灯二段	—	88.56	0.03	0.00	0.089	5.36	4.20	1.67
MX124	灯二段	—	93.07	0.05	0.00	0.019	5.36	1.23	0.26
MX008-H22	龙王庙	75.90	96.27	0.14	0.00	0.012	1.74	1.53	0.30
MX008-H30	龙王庙	75.90	96.80	0.15	0.00	0.012	1.84	0.88	0.29
MX009-3-X1	龙王庙	75.90	96.78	0.15	0.00	0.013	1.87	0.79	0.39
MX009-3-X2	龙王庙	75.90	95.78	0.14	0.00	0.012	1.94	1.64	0.47
MX009-3-X3	龙王庙	75.90	92.87	0.14	0.01	0.014	3.30	3.21	0.42
MX16-C1	龙王庙	76.72	97.48	0.16	0.00	0.013	1.27	0.79	0.27
MX23-C1	龙王庙	78.17	95.72	0.13	0.00	0.014	1.99	1.37	0.76
GS102	龙王庙	68.59	90.74	0.06	0.00	0.019	2.51	1.04	3.74
GS6	龙王庙	68.30	90.49	0.07	0.00	0.021	3.31	1.63	4.45
W112	寒武系	—	88.54	0.09	0.00	0.177	4.16	6.50	0.43
W36-1	寒武系	—	88.77	0.10	0.00	0.172	4.14	6.34	0.37
W42	寒武系	—	86.97	0.08	0.00	0.172	4.35	7.66	0.64
W71	寒武系	—	89.51	0.11	0.00	0.175	3.29	6.66	0.08

井位	产层	产层压力/ MPa	主要气体组分/%
井位	产层	产层压力/ MPa	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	He	CO₂	N₂	H₂S
GS125	灯四段	57.09	90.39	0.04	0.01	0.026	6.45	2.32	0.22
GS018-2-H1	灯四段	—	92.08	0.05	0.00	0.023	6.41	1.07	0.03
GS018-4-H1	灯四段	56.57	91.57	0.05	0.00	0.025	6.59	1.39	0.09
GS103-C1	灯四段	38.82	92.87	0.05	0.01	0.020	5.53	1.13	0.32
GS001-H39	灯四段	56.70	93.16	0.06	0.01	0.017	5.32	0.75	0.58
GS001-X40	灯四段	55.50	91.49	0.04	0.00	0.017	6.22	1.08	0.66
GS3	灯四段	53.39	93.19	0.16	0.06	0.020	4.06	0.81	1.48
MX8	灯四段	56.77	95.90	0.32	0.10	0.013	2.04	0.73	0.34
MX019-H2	灯四段	56.99	92.35	0.07	0.02	0.022	4.96	0.84	1.20
MX022-H33	灯四段	56.44	93.21	0.04	0.00	0.020	5.01	1.62	0.08
MX118	灯四段	59.47	92.55	0.05	0.00	0.021	5.25	1.04	0.95
GS001-X41	灯四段	55.54	92.39	0.04	0.00	0.019	5.50	0.75	1.25
GS001-H26	灯四段	55.74	92.14	0.05	0.00	0.021	4.98	1.04	1.75
GS001-X22	灯四段	56.59	92.68	0.04	0.00	0.025	5.06	1.33	0.82
GS001-X25	灯四段	56.41	92.35	0.04	0.00	0.019	5.86	0.70	1.00
GS001-X29	灯四段	—	92.71	0.04	0.00	0.021	5.53	0.94	0.71
GS001-X3	灯四段	56.47	92.54	0.04	0.00	0.020	6.58	0.17	0.63
GS001-X35	灯四段	56.04	92.82	0.04	0.00	0.019	5.21	0.78	1.10
GS001-X36	灯四段	58.21	93.01	0.04	0.00	0.022	5.37	1.04	0.48
GS001-H15	灯四段	—	92.48	0.04	0.00	0.020	5.20	1.02	1.08
GS135	灯二段	52.95	93.03	0.14	0.04	0.021	4.98	0.77	0.86
GS131X	灯二段	57.18	92.59	0.04	0.00	0.040	5.21	1.55	0.51
GS009-H1	灯二段	56.45	92.32	0.20	0.06	0.036	5.21	1.10	0.54
GS009-H2	灯二段	56.70	92.67	0.12	0.04	0.061	4.87	1.83	0.12
GS009-H3	灯二段	53.20	92.66	0.04	0.00	0.054	4.83	1.98	0.26
GS009-H4	灯二段	57.02	91.50	0.04	0.00	0.057	5.47	2.04	0.46
PT1	灯二段	—	92.76	0.08	0.00	0.016	2.96	1.96	1.90
PT101	灯二段	—	93.86	0.08	0.00	0.016	2.35	1.51	2.06
PT102	灯二段	—	93.43	0.07	0.00	0.017	3.01	1.07	2.37
GS123	灯二段	—	88.56	0.03	0.00	0.089	5.36	4.20	1.67
MX124	灯二段	—	93.07	0.05	0.00	0.019	5.36	1.23	0.26
MX008-H22	龙王庙	75.90	96.27	0.14	0.00	0.012	1.74	1.53	0.30
MX008-H30	龙王庙	75.90	96.80	0.15	0.00	0.012	1.84	0.88	0.29
MX009-3-X1	龙王庙	75.90	96.78	0.15	0.00	0.013	1.87	0.79	0.39
MX009-3-X2	龙王庙	75.90	95.78	0.14	0.00	0.012	1.94	1.64	0.47
MX009-3-X3	龙王庙	75.90	92.87	0.14	0.01	0.014	3.30	3.21	0.42
MX16-C1	龙王庙	76.72	97.48	0.16	0.00	0.013	1.27	0.79	0.27
MX23-C1	龙王庙	78.17	95.72	0.13	0.00	0.014	1.99	1.37	0.76
GS102	龙王庙	68.59	90.74	0.06	0.00	0.019	2.51	1.04	3.74
GS6	龙王庙	68.30	90.49	0.07	0.00	0.021	3.31	1.63	4.45
W112	寒武系	—	88.54	0.09	0.00	0.177	4.16	6.50	0.43
W36-1	寒武系	—	88.77	0.10	0.00	0.172	4.14	6.34	0.37
W42	寒武系	—	86.97	0.08	0.00	0.172	4.35	7.66	0.64
W71	寒武系	—	89.51	0.11	0.00	0.175	3.29	6.66	0.08

井位	(³He/⁴He)/10^-8	⁴He/²⁰Ne	⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar	³⁸Ar/³⁶Ar	R/Ra	V_g/V_w(³⁶Ar)	V_g/V_w(²⁰Ne)
MX022-H33	5.69	6 538	748.30	0.19	0.041	7.00	4.93
MX118	3.73	11 976	785.90	0.18	0.027	6.42	8.57
GS001-X41	5.57	4 408	946.57	0.19	0.040	7.60	3.79
GS001-H26	6.44	10 088	761.80	0.18	0.046	6.13	7.09
GS001-X22	4.42	6 092	1 019.30	0.20	0.032	8.47	3.63
GS001-X25	4.70	9 166	768.30	0.19	0.034	7.55	7.09
GS001-X29	5.10	7 575	636.30	0.19	0.036	4.65	5.28
GS001-X3	6.24	11 882	684.80	0.18	0.045	5.90	9.09
GS001-X35	7.74	8 748	699.80	0.19	0.055	3.84	6.79
GS001-X36	3.45	7 622	663.40	0.18	0.025	5.29	5.29
GS001-H15	6.54	13 471	642.60	0.19	0.047	4.64	10.33
GS131X	5.42	11 145	1 373.80	0.19	0.039	5.58	2.89
GS009-H1	2.82	13 937	1 807.20	0.19	0.020	11.00	4.70
GS009-H2	4.37	12 951	2 662.30	0.19	0.031	8.73	2.60
GS009-H3	4.50	9 207	996.30	0.20	0.032	3.60	1.72
GS009-H4	3.53	6 297	1 067.30	0.19	0.025	3.27	1.27
PT1	9.79	60 486	660.20	0.18	0.070	6.50	55.19
PT101	7.94	11 997	678.30	0.19	0.057	6.58	10.96
PT102	6.74	21 146	857.50	0.18	0.048	9.18	18.28
GS123	3.80	37 600	2 000.60	0.17	0.027	4.50	6.28
MX124	2.54	26 481	787.80	0.17	0.018	6.77	20.62
MX008-H22	2.40	3 580	521.50	0.19	0.017	5.12	4.28
MX008-H30	1.64	16 787	602.60	0.18	0.012	7.52	20.58
MX009-3-X1	1.39	5 908	462.80	0.19	0.010	3.82	6.81
MX009-3-X2	1.79	3 439	514.70	0.18	0.013	4.97	4.32
MX009-3-X3	1.73	16 428	690.20	0.18	0.012	8.62	18.14
MX16-C1	7.35	11 412	538.70	0.18	0.005	5.76	13.65
MX23-C1	1.24	17 030	954.30	0.18	0.009	13.58	18.16
GS102	2.01	11 753	613.90	0.19	0.014	4.29	9.10
GS6	2.50	8 433	778.20	0.18	0.018	6.28	6.07
W112	3.30	43 862	3 015.60	0.17	0.020	3.35	3.63
W36-1	2.74	32 420	2 532.00	0.17	0.022	2.35	2.53
W42	3.05	41 906	3 628.30	0.17	0.024	3.67	3.12
W71	3.01	15 121	2 013.20	0.18	0.022	4.68	1.23

井位	(³He/⁴He)/10^-8	⁴He/²⁰Ne	⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar	³⁸Ar/³⁶Ar	R/Ra	V_g/V_w(³⁶Ar)	V_g/V_w(²⁰Ne)
MX022-H33	5.69	6 538	748.30	0.19	0.041	7.00	4.93
MX118	3.73	11 976	785.90	0.18	0.027	6.42	8.57
GS001-X41	5.57	4 408	946.57	0.19	0.040	7.60	3.79
GS001-H26	6.44	10 088	761.80	0.18	0.046	6.13	7.09
GS001-X22	4.42	6 092	1 019.30	0.20	0.032	8.47	3.63
GS001-X25	4.70	9 166	768.30	0.19	0.034	7.55	7.09
GS001-X29	5.10	7 575	636.30	0.19	0.036	4.65	5.28
GS001-X3	6.24	11 882	684.80	0.18	0.045	5.90	9.09
GS001-X35	7.74	8 748	699.80	0.19	0.055	3.84	6.79
GS001-X36	3.45	7 622	663.40	0.18	0.025	5.29	5.29
GS001-H15	6.54	13 471	642.60	0.19	0.047	4.64	10.33
GS131X	5.42	11 145	1 373.80	0.19	0.039	5.58	2.89
GS009-H1	2.82	13 937	1 807.20	0.19	0.020	11.00	4.70
GS009-H2	4.37	12 951	2 662.30	0.19	0.031	8.73	2.60
GS009-H3	4.50	9 207	996.30	0.20	0.032	3.60	1.72
GS009-H4	3.53	6 297	1 067.30	0.19	0.025	3.27	1.27
PT1	9.79	60 486	660.20	0.18	0.070	6.50	55.19
PT101	7.94	11 997	678.30	0.19	0.057	6.58	10.96
PT102	6.74	21 146	857.50	0.18	0.048	9.18	18.28
GS123	3.80	37 600	2 000.60	0.17	0.027	4.50	6.28
MX124	2.54	26 481	787.80	0.17	0.018	6.77	20.62
MX008-H22	2.40	3 580	521.50	0.19	0.017	5.12	4.28
MX008-H30	1.64	16 787	602.60	0.18	0.012	7.52	20.58
MX009-3-X1	1.39	5 908	462.80	0.19	0.010	3.82	6.81
MX009-3-X2	1.79	3 439	514.70	0.18	0.013	4.97	4.32
MX009-3-X3	1.73	16 428	690.20	0.18	0.012	8.62	18.14
MX16-C1	7.35	11 412	538.70	0.18	0.005	5.76	13.65
MX23-C1	1.24	17 030	954.30	0.18	0.009	13.58	18.16
GS102	2.01	11 753	613.90	0.19	0.014	4.29	9.10
GS6	2.50	8 433	778.20	0.18	0.018	6.28	6.07
W112	3.30	43 862	3 015.60	0.17	0.020	3.35	3.63
W36-1	2.74	32 420	2 532.00	0.17	0.022	2.35	2.53
W42	3.05	41 906	3 628.30	0.17	0.024	3.67	3.12
W71	3.01	15 121	2 013.20	0.18	0.022	4.68	1.23

四川盆地安岳气田贫氦原因探究

Cause of helium-poor in Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin

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