地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 404-416.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.7.17

• 智能储层透视 • 上一篇    下一篇

致密砂岩储层内部矿物三维建模与裂缝型甜点分布:以川西工农镇野外露头剖面须二段为例

印森林1(), 林少玲1, 胡张明2,*(), 赵俊威1, 杨映涛3, 张玲3, 陈恭洋1, 陈玮常4   

  1. 1.长江大学 录井技术与工程研究院, 湖北 荆州 434023
    2.中国石油西部钻探有限公司, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    3.中国石化西南油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 四川 成都 610041
    4.集宁师范学院地理与规划学院, 内蒙古自治州 乌兰察布 012000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-10 修回日期:2024-12-21 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通信作者: 胡张明
  • 作者简介:印森林(1983—),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事无人机露头表征与建模研究。E-mail: yinxiang_love@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2024GX06);国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1400404);国家自然科学基金项目(42402158);油气藏地质与工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(PLN2022_19)

3D model of mineral interior tight sandstone reservoir and distribution of fracture dessert: Taking 2nd Xujiahe Formation outcrop section in western Sichuan Basin as an example

YIN Senlin1(), LIN Shaoling1, HU Zhangming2,*(), ZHAO Junwei1, YANG Yingtao3, ZHANG Ling3, CHEN Gongyang1, CHEN Weichang4   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Mud Logging Technology and Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
    2. Xibu Drilling Engineering Company of PetroChina, Ürümqi 830011, China
    3. Exploration and Production Research Institute, Southwest Oil & Gas branch, SINOPEC, Chengdu 610041, China
    4. College of Geography and Planning, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab 012000, China
  • Received:2024-06-10 Revised:2024-12-21 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: HU Zhangming

摘要:

四川盆地须家河组叠覆式分流河道砂体广泛发育,针对此类致密砂岩(微)裂缝型储层甜点分布模式不明确问题,利用无人机倾斜摄影露头数据资料、密集实物采样样品和电镜分析化验等资料,结合无人机倾斜摄影数字露头、能谱电镜分析、层次结构分析和三维地质建模等方法,开展了致密砂岩内部露头构型表征、储层构型精细建模、矿物三维定量模型和(微)裂缝结构空间分布等研究。研究表明:(1)无人机倾斜摄影数据采集处理后的三维模型中坐标体系与拍摄的高精度图像信息完美耦合,既实现了野外露头地质信息三维数字化、可视化和定量化,也为小尺度矿物三维非均质性研究奠定了数据基础。(2)剖面砂体构型呈厚层状连片状叠置,泥质隔夹层发育程度低;利用随机模拟算法开展了石英、长石、岩屑、白云石和方解石定量三维分布模型,揭示了小尺度矿物差异空间分布特征。(3)在(微)裂缝型储层甜点特征分析基础上,分析了石英、方解石矿物含量与(微)裂缝发育的相关程度很高,是甜点形成与发育的优质部位。无人机倾斜摄影数字露头技术与三维地质建模技术相结合不仅可以定量表征露头非均质性,而且对指导(微)裂缝型致密砂岩甜点储层的勘探开发意义重大。

关键词: 致密砂岩, 无人机倾斜摄影, 裂缝, 矿物三维定量模型, 甜点储层, 工农镇露头剖面

Abstract:

Distributary channel sandbodies are extensively developed in the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin. However, the distribution pattern of sweet spots within such tight sandstone(micro)fractured reservoirs remains unclear. This study integrates digital outcrop data from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography, intensive physical sampling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and laboratory data to characterize the outcrop architecture of the tight sandstone, precisely model the reservoir architecture, quantify the 3D mineral distribution, and map the spatial distribution of (micro) fracture networks. During the process, key technologies employed include UAV oblique photography for digital outcrop modeling, SEM-EDS analysis, hierarchical analysis, and 3D geological modeling. The results demonstrate that: (1) The 3D coordinate system established from the collected and processed UAV oblique photography data volume is fully coupled with high-precision image information. This approach not only achieves the 3D digitalization, visualization and quantification of outcrop geological information, but also provides a data foundation for characterizing 3D microscale mineral heterogeneity. (2) The profile sandbody architecture features thick-bedded, sheet-shaped stacking patterns with poorly developed muddy intercalations. A quantitative 3D distribution model of quartz, feldspar, cuttings, dolomite, and calcite was generated using stochastic simulation algorithms, revealing differential microscale mineral distribution characteristics. (3) Analysis of sweet-spot characteristics in the (micro) fractured reservoirs indicates that the quartz and calcite content exhibit a high correlation with (micro) fracture development, representing a key factor in high-quality sweet-spot formation. These integrated technologies enable the quantitative characterization of outcrop heterogeneity and hold significant potential for guiding the exploration and development of sweet spots in (micro) fractured tight sandstone reservoirs.

Key words: tight sandstone, UAV oblique photography, fracture, quantitative 3D model of minerals, sweet spot reservoirs, outcrop section of Gongnong town

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