地热生境中硫循环微生物研究进展——对早期地球生命过程的启示

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.82

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地热生境具有高温、缺氧等特点,与早期地球环境条件相似。因此,现代地热生境中嗜热菌可作为研究对象用来探讨地球早期生命与环境协同演化过程。微生物介导的硫循环过程是早期地球主要的生物地球化学过程之一。因此,研究地热生境微生物介导的硫循环及其耦合的相关元素循环过程,有助于我们理解早期地球硫元素生物地球化学循环过程及其环境效应。本文综述了地热生境中硫循环微生物多样性特征及其影响因素,以及与硫循耦合的碳、氮、铁循环的微生物过程;结合地球早期的环境条件以及对应的地层中的同位素地质记录,探讨了地球早期微生物介导的硫循环过程可能产生的环境效应,为研究早期地球微生物介导的硫循环与环境的协同演化过程提出展望。

关键词: 地热生境, 硫循环, 太古宙, 微生物, 环境效应

Abstract:

Geothermal habitats are characterized by high temperature and hypoxia similar to the conditions of early Earth. Therefore, thermophiles in modern geothermal habitats can be used to study the co-evolution of life and environment on the early Earth. The sulfur cycle is one of main biogeochemical processes on the early Earth, thus studying microbial-mediated sulfur cycle and its coupling with other elements in geothermal habitats can deepen our understanding of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle and its environmental effects on the early Earth. This review summarizes the characteristics of microbial diversity in the sulfur cycle and their influencing factors in geothermal habitats, as well as the coupling of the sulfur cycle with the iron, methane, and nitrogen cycles. Combined with Archean geochemical conditions and stratigraphic isotope record, this review also discusses the possible environmental effects of the sulfur cycle on the early Earth. Finally, an outlook on future research on microbial-mediated co-evolution of the sulfur cycle and environment on the early Earth is discussed.

Key words: geothermal habitats, sulfur cycle, Archean, microbes, environmental effect

中图分类号:

P597

马力, 谢逸豪, 吴耿, 蒋宏忱. 地热生境中硫循环微生物研究进展——对早期地球生命过程的启示[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(2): 479-494.

MA Li, XIE Yihao, WU Geng, JIANG Hongchen. Research progress in microbial-mediated sulfur cycles in geothermal habitats: Insights into biological processes on the early Earth[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 479-494.

图/表 4

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太古宙样本	分馏结果	年龄/Ga	推测过程	文献
Isua Supracrustal Belt BIFs, West Greenland	δ⁵⁶Fe=0.4‰~1.1‰	3.7	Anoxygenic Photosynthesis	[97]
Marble Bar Chert, Australia	δ⁵⁶Fe=1.5‰~2.6‰	3.46	Anoxygenic Photosynthesis	[98]
Buck Reef Chert, South Africa	δ¹³C=-35‰~-20‰	3.42	Anoxygenic Photosynthesis	[99]
Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa	δ¹³C=-26.8‰~-22.7‰	3.47	Anoxygenic Photosynthesis	[100]
Strelley Pool Formation, Australia	δ³⁴S=-40‰~25‰	3.45	Sulfur Metabolism	[101]
Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa	δ³⁴S=-39.8‰~-3.2‰	3.45	Sulfur Metabolism	[102]
Isua Greenstone Belt, West Greenland	δ³⁴S=-3.8‰~3.4‰	3.8	Sulfur Metabolism	[103]
Dresser Formation, Western Australia	δ³⁴S=-22‰~-14‰	3.5	Sulfate Reduction	[78]
Sargur Group, India	δ³⁴S=-11.4‰~-8.3‰	3.2	Sulfate Reduction	[104]
Pyrites Within Barites, Pilbara Craton	δ³⁴S/δ³²S=25‰	3.47	Sulfate Reduction	[79]
Dresser Formation, Western Australia	Δ³³S=2.3‰±1.8‰	3.49	Sulfur Disproportionation	[91]
Microscopic pyrite, Strelley Pool Formation, Australia	Δ³³S=-1.7‰±1.4‰	3.45	Sulfur Disproportionation	[90]
Dresser Formation, Western Australia	δ¹³C=-56‰	3.47	Methanogenesis	[105]
Lalla Rookh Sandstone, Western Australia	δ¹³C=-38‰~-30‰	3.0	Methanogenesis	[106]
Fortesque Group, Tumbiana Formation	δ¹³C=-50‰~-40‰	2.72	Methanogenesis	[107]
Strelley Pool Formation stromatolites, Australia	δ¹³C=-45‰~-29‰	3.43	Methanotrophy	[108]
Mount Roe Paleosol, Western Australia	δ¹³C=-51‰~-33‰	2.77	Methanotrophy	[109]
Fortescue Group, Australia	δ⁵⁶Fe=-4.2‰~3.0‰	2.7	Iron Reduction	[110]
Barberton Greenstone Belt, Kaapvaal Craton	δ⁵⁶Fe=-1.8‰~3.8‰	3.2	Iron Reduction	[111]
Marine and fluvial sedimentary rocks	δ¹⁵N=0±1.2‰	3.2	Nitrogen Fixation	[112]
Mount McRae, Australia	δ¹⁵N=1‰~7.5‰	2.5	Nitrification/Denitrification	[113]

太古宙样本	分馏结果	年龄/Ga	推测过程	文献
Isua Supracrustal Belt BIFs, West Greenland	δ⁵⁶Fe=0.4‰~1.1‰	3.7	Anoxygenic Photosynthesis	[97]
Marble Bar Chert, Australia	δ⁵⁶Fe=1.5‰~2.6‰	3.46	Anoxygenic Photosynthesis	[98]
Buck Reef Chert, South Africa	δ¹³C=-35‰~-20‰	3.42	Anoxygenic Photosynthesis	[99]
Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa	δ¹³C=-26.8‰~-22.7‰	3.47	Anoxygenic Photosynthesis	[100]
Strelley Pool Formation, Australia	δ³⁴S=-40‰~25‰	3.45	Sulfur Metabolism	[101]
Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa	δ³⁴S=-39.8‰~-3.2‰	3.45	Sulfur Metabolism	[102]
Isua Greenstone Belt, West Greenland	δ³⁴S=-3.8‰~3.4‰	3.8	Sulfur Metabolism	[103]
Dresser Formation, Western Australia	δ³⁴S=-22‰~-14‰	3.5	Sulfate Reduction	[78]
Sargur Group, India	δ³⁴S=-11.4‰~-8.3‰	3.2	Sulfate Reduction	[104]
Pyrites Within Barites, Pilbara Craton	δ³⁴S/δ³²S=25‰	3.47	Sulfate Reduction	[79]
Dresser Formation, Western Australia	Δ³³S=2.3‰±1.8‰	3.49	Sulfur Disproportionation	[91]
Microscopic pyrite, Strelley Pool Formation, Australia	Δ³³S=-1.7‰±1.4‰	3.45	Sulfur Disproportionation	[90]
Dresser Formation, Western Australia	δ¹³C=-56‰	3.47	Methanogenesis	[105]
Lalla Rookh Sandstone, Western Australia	δ¹³C=-38‰~-30‰	3.0	Methanogenesis	[106]
Fortesque Group, Tumbiana Formation	δ¹³C=-50‰~-40‰	2.72	Methanogenesis	[107]
Strelley Pool Formation stromatolites, Australia	δ¹³C=-45‰~-29‰	3.43	Methanotrophy	[108]
Mount Roe Paleosol, Western Australia	δ¹³C=-51‰~-33‰	2.77	Methanotrophy	[109]
Fortescue Group, Australia	δ⁵⁶Fe=-4.2‰~3.0‰	2.7	Iron Reduction	[110]
Barberton Greenstone Belt, Kaapvaal Craton	δ⁵⁶Fe=-1.8‰~3.8‰	3.2	Iron Reduction	[111]
Marine and fluvial sedimentary rocks	δ¹⁵N=0±1.2‰	3.2	Nitrogen Fixation	[112]
Mount McRae, Australia	δ¹⁵N=1‰~7.5‰	2.5	Nitrification/Denitrification	[113]