微生物对地下水中萘的降解特性及动力学研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.2.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对我国东北某石油烃污染场地地下水中的萘污染,筛选出了Acinetobacter和Pseudomonas菌属的高效萘降解菌群。该菌群对萘的耐受性较高,且具有良好的乳化性,能够自动调节细胞表面疏水性和自聚集性。不同pH值、萘初始浓度、温度和菌接种量对萘降解效率的影响研究表明:最适菌群生长的pH范围为7.08.0;萘降解效率和速率在1.005.00 mg/L范围内与其初始浓度成正比;在1030 ℃温度范围内均表现出较高的萘降解效率。在此基础上,利用Guass、GuassAmp、LogNomal、Poisson和Pulse数学模型对萘的降解过程进行拟合,其降解速率更符合GuassAmp模型。通过将降解动力学模型中的常数与影响因素相关联,推导出了拟合度较高的多因素影响下的萘降解动力学方程。

关键词: 地下水, 萘, 生物降解, 微生物群落, 动力学

Abstract:

The effective naphthalene degrading bacteria Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were discovered through a screening of petroleum contaminated groundwater in Northeast China. These bacteria had high tolerance to naphthalene and good emulsification effect, and can automatically regulate cell surface hydrophobicity and self-aggregation. The effects of pH, naphthalene initial concentration, temperature and inoculation condition on naphthalene degradation were studied experimentally. We found that the optimal pH range for bacterial growth was 7.0-8.0; the degradation efficiency was positively correlated with the naphthalene initial concentration of 1.00-5.00 mg/L; and the bacteria performed most efficiently between 10-30 ℃. On this basis, the Guass, GuassAmp, LogNomal, Poisson and Pulse models were used to fit the degradation kinetics measurements. In the final analysis, the GuassAmp model gave the best fit and the kinetic equation of naphthalene degradation under the influence of multiple factors was derived.

Key words: groundwater, naphthalene, biodegradation, mixed bacterial community, kinetics

中图分类号:

X523
P593

张晟瑀, 张朦幻, 王利刚, 万玉玉. 微生物对地下水中萘的降解特性及动力学研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(5): 146-158.

ZHANG Shengyu, ZHANG Menghuan, WANG Ligang, WAN Yuyu. Degradation of naphthalene by microorganisms in groundwater: Characteristics and kinetics[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 146-158.

图/表 18

表1 微生物对萘的降解试验培养参数

Table 1 Bacterial culture parameters for naphthalene degradation experiment

pH值	萘初始浓度C/(mg·L^-1)	温度T/℃	菌接种量I/%
4.09.0	5.00	10	5
8.0	1.005.00	10	5
8.0	5.00	1030	5
8.0	5.00	10	15

图1 初始样品(a)和降解30 d后(b)微生物属水平丰度

Fig.1 Abundance of bacterial genera at the beginning (a) and after 30 days (b) of biodegradation

表2 Alpha多样性指数(微生物降解前、后)统计表

Table 2 Statistical table for alpha diversity indices (before and after microbial degradation)

时段	物种数目 OTUnum	多样性指数 Shannon	多样性指数 Simpson	丰度指数 Chao1	覆盖率 Coverage/%	丰度指数 ACE
降解前	1 787	0.67	0.84	194 617.75	0.97	679 207.00
降解后	1 509	0.79	0.76	924 67.58	0.96	383 534.55

图2 在地下水培养基和MSM中细菌的生长曲线

Fig.2 Bacterial growth curves in groundwater medium and MSM

图3 细菌在萘浓度不同的选择培养基中的生长和萘降解效率

Fig.3 Bacteria growth and degradation efficiency in culture media with different naphthalene concentrations

图4 不同萘浓度下细菌细胞表面疏水性

Fig.4 Variation of bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity with naphthalene concentration

图5 萘浓度对细菌自聚集性的影响

Fig.5 Effect of naphthalene concentration on bacterial auto-aggregation

图6 菌液对柴油的乳化作用 a—油/水混合液涡旋振荡后;b—油/菌混合液涡旋振荡后;c—油/水混合液静置24 h后;d—油/菌混合液静置24 h后。

Fig.6 Emulsification of diesel oil by liquid bacteria

图7 萘浓度和生物量随时间的变化

Fig.7 Changes of naphthalene concentration and biomass over time

图8 pH值对萘降解的影响(a)和不同pH值下萘的平均降解速率与降解效率(b)

Fig.8 Effect of pH on the naphthalene degradation kinetics (a) and average rate and efficiency of naphthalene degradation at different pH (b)

图9 不同初始浓度萘的降解曲线(a)和不同初始浓度萘的平均降解速率与降解效率(b)

Fig.9 Naphthalene degradation curves (a) and average rate and efficiency of naphthalene degradation (b) under different initial concentrations

图10 温度对萘降解的影响(a)和萘在不同温度下的平均降解速率与降解效率(b)

Fig.10 Effect of temperature on naphthalene degradation (a) and average rate and efficiency of naphthalene degradation under different temperatures (b)

图11 菌接种量对萘降解的影响(a)和不同菌接种量下萘的平均降解速率与降解效率(b)

Fig.11 Effect of inoculum concentration on naphthalene degradation (a) and average rate and efficiency of naphthalene degradation under different inoculum concentrations (b)

表3 曲线方程

Table 3 Curve equations

方程名称	方程形式
Guass	y=y₀+ $A w π 2 e - 2 (x - x c) 2 w 2$
GuassAmp	y=y₀+A $e - 2 (x - x c) 2 w 2$
LogNomal	y=y₀+ $A 2 π wx e - ln x x c 2 2 w 2$
Poisson	y=y₀+ $e - r r x x!$
Pulse	y=y₀+A(1- $e x - x 0 t 1$ )^p $e - x - x 0 t 2$

表3 曲线方程

Table 3 Curve equations

方程名称	方程形式
Guass	y=y₀+ $A w π 2 e - 2 (x - x c) 2 w 2$
GuassAmp	y=y₀+A $e - 2 (x - x c) 2 w 2$
LogNomal	y=y₀+ $A 2 π wx e - ln x x c 2 2 w 2$
Poisson	y=y₀+ $e - r r x x!$
Pulse	y=y₀+A(1- $e x - x 0 t 1$ )^p $e - x - x 0 t 2$

表4 不同pH值下萘的降解动力学GuassAmp模型拟合

Table 4 Degradation kinetics of naphthalene at different pH fitted by GuassAmp model

初始条件								常数						相关系数 R²
萘初始浓度 C/(mg·L^-1)	温度 T/℃		菌接种量 I/%		pH值			α		β		γ		相关系数 R²
5.00		10		5		8.0	2.721		36.14		24.27		0.951
						7.0	2.635		51.13		25.90		0.991
						6.0	2.098		57.57		24.74		0.994
						5.0	1.639		58.89		20.86		0.983

表5 不同初始浓度下萘降解动力学GuassAmp模型拟合

Table 5 Degradation kinetics of naphthalene under different initial concentrations fitted by GuassAmp model

初始条件								常数						相关系数 R²
pH值	温度 T/℃		菌接种量 I/%		萘初始浓度 C/(mg·L^-1)			α		β		γ		相关系数 R²
8.0		10		5		5.00	2.721		36.14		24.27		0.951
						4.00	2.182		33.79		23.59		0.945
						3.00	1.838		30.87		20.46		0.948
						2.00	1.429		25.96		16.45		0.994
						1.00	1.068		21.55		12.35		0.996

表6 不同温度下萘降解动力学GuassAmp模型拟合

Table 6 Degradation kinetics of naphthalene under different temperatures fitted by GuassAmp model

初始条件								常数						相关系数 R²
pH值	萘初始浓度 C/(mg·L^-1)		菌接种量 I/%		温度 T/℃			α		β		γ		相关系数 R²
8.0		5.00		5		30	3.394		25.89		20.32		0.970
						20	2.946		30.30		22.27		0.958
						10	2.721		36.14		24.27		0.951

表7 不同菌接种量萘降解动力学GuassAmp模型拟合

Table 7 Degradation kinetics of naphthalene under different inoculum concentrations fitted by GuassAmp model

初始条件								常数						相关系数 R²
pH值	萘初始浓度 C/(mg·L^-1)		温度 T/℃		菌接种量 I/%			α		β		γ		相关系数 R²
8.0		5.00		10		5	2.271		36.14		24.27		0.951
						4	2.047		39.80		29.26		0.949
						3	1.654		50.09		34.26		0.972
						2	1.431		56.23		33.94		0.985
						1	1.308		66.63		31.81		0.985

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