地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 447-462.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.78

• 表层地球系统与生态环境效应 • 上一篇    下一篇

碳中和背景下国内外陆地生态系统碳汇评估方法研究进展

谢立军1(), 白中科1,2,3,*(), 杨博宇1, 陈美景1, 付帅1, 毛艳超1   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京) 土地科学技术学院, 北京 100083
    2.自然资源部 土地整治重点实验室, 北京 100035
    3.自然资源部 矿区生态修复工程技术创新中心, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-06 修回日期:2022-03-08 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 白中科
  • 作者简介:谢立军(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为土地复垦与生态修复。E-mail: 920745593@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“土地复垦与修复质量标准研究(2017YFF0206802)

Carbon sequestration assessment methods at home and abroad for terrestrial ecosystems: Research progress in achieving carbon neutrality

XIE Lijun1(), BAI Zhongke1,2,3,*(), YANG Boyu1, CHEN Meijing1, FU Shuai1, MAO Yanchao1   

  1. 1. School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
    3. Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Restoration Engineering in Mining Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2021-12-06 Revised:2022-03-08 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-01-05
  • Contact: BAI Zhongke

摘要:

研究目的:针对近30年森林、草地、农田、湿地4种生态系统主流碳汇核算方法,辨析各核算方法特点以准确地对陆地生态系统碳汇能力现状和未来碳汇潜力进行评估。研究方法:文献综述法、对比分析法和归纳法等。研究结果:(1)现有碳汇核算方法多基于公式模型计算,在进行植被碳汇空间格局分析时受样本数量、测量误差、参数误差、数据来源不一致、模型普适性差等因素影响,计算结果存在不确定性,中国统一标准的陆地生态系统碳汇监测体系亟待建立;(2)实现陆地生态系统碳汇量的准确计算,需要可靠数据源、合理的模型与计算方法、多途径的交叉验证、适当误差分析与插补校正;(3)应有效整合样地勘察、模型构建、微气象学和遥感监测等方法,评估陆地碳库的现存量与容量,揭示碳库稳定性及综合考虑碳库影响因素,以期解决生态系统多尺度耦合问题。研究结论:未来研究重点应基于大量实测数据,探究分类型、分地域、分气候的差异化碳汇核算方法,建立全尺度、广覆盖的碳汇计量模型,为中国陆地生态系统碳汇核算标准提供参考。

关键词: 碳汇, 森林, 草地, 农田, 湿地, 陆地生态系统

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to differentiate the characteristics of different mainstream carbon sink accounting methods developed in the past 30 years for the four main terrestrial ecosystems—forest, grassland, farmland, and wetland—in order to accurately assess the current status of the carbon sink capacity and future carbon sink potential of terrestrial ecosystems. Through literature review, comparative analysis, and induction we show that 1) the existing carbon sink accounting methods are mainly based on formula model calculations, and are affected by sample size, measurement and parameter errors, inconsistent data sources, and model universality when analyzing the spatial pattern of vegetation carbon sinks, which lead to great uncertainty in the calculated result; thus, China urgently needs to establish an unified standard terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink monitoring system. 2) Accurate carbon sink calculation for terrestrial ecosystems requires reliable data sources, reasonable calculation methods and models, multi-channel cross-validation, appropriate error analysis, and interpolation corrections. 3) Methods such as site survey, model construction, micrometeorology, and remote sensing monitoring should be effectively integrated to solve the problem of multi-scale coupling. Future research should be based on a large number of measured data, explore differentiated carbon sink accounting methods according to ecosystem types, regions, and climates, and establish a full-scale, generalized carbon sink calculation model to provide reference for a carbon sink accounting standard for terrestrial ecosystems in China.

Key words: carbon sink, forest, grassland, farmland, wetland, terrestrial ecosystem

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