Comparative study on soil remediation of slope-alluvial contaminated arable land in granite areas, northern Hebei Province

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil constitutes a crucial component of agricultural ecosystem, and heavy metal contamination in arable soil can adversely affect the quality and safety of agricultural products. This study focuses on weakly acidic farmland soils of colluvial and alluvial accumulation zones in the granite region of northern Hebei. Utilizing two remediation techniques—phytostabilization and phytoextraction (with maize and Solanum nigrum as the phytoremediation agents), this study explores the impacts of different parent material types and remediation methods on heavy metal remediation efficacy in cultivated soils. According to results, (1) significant differences existed in organic matter, readily available potassium, available phosphorus, and pH values between soils of colluvial and alluvial zones, with the former exhibiting substantially lower pH levels and both zones having high background levels of lead (Pb). (2) Following phytostabilization, the colluvial zone showed significant reduction in cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in maize grains, with an increase in yield ranging from 19.10% to 33.00%, indicating superior remediation outcomes compared to its counterpart. (3) The colluvial zone, employing an intercropping system of Solanum nigrum and maize, demonstrated higher annual extraction of Cd, Pb, and copper (Cu) per mu (a traditional unit of area) of farmland, with respective extraction amounts of 167.25, 208.35, and 555.05 g, and removal rates of 2.727%, 0.043%, and 0.234%, showcasing more effective remediation compared to the alluvial zone. (4) The intercropping system of Solanum nigrum and maize outperformed single-crop cultivation by enhancing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil and improving the plants’ absorption efficiency. (5) When designing remediation strategies one should consider soil characteristics, parent material types, and the influence of different crops and choose appropriate remediation techniques and cultivation models. This study provides a reference for the safe utilization and remediation of farmland soils in geologically anomalous regions.

Key words: slope deposits, alluvial deposits, heavy metals, soil contamination, passivation remediation, phytoremediation

CLC Number:

X53
X592

LIU Yongbing, SU Junjie, GUO Wei, WANG Yingnan, YIN Yaqiu. Comparative study on soil remediation of slope-alluvial contaminated arable land in granite areas, northern Hebei Province[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 196-203.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Geographical setting of the remediation test zones

Fig.2 Soil pH and heavy metal contents in soils of different parent material types

Fig.3 Soil nutrient contents

Fig.4 Heavy metal contents in maize grains following blunt restoration

Fig.5 Impact of soil phytostabilization on heavy metal content in maize grains

Fig.6 Soil nutrient contents following blunt restoration

Fig.7 Impact of blunt restoration on soil nutrient contents

Table 1 Yield of maize following blunt restoration

类型	修复区玉米产量/(kg·hm^-2)	对照区玉米产量/(kg·hm^-2)	玉米增产率/%
坡积物母质区	7 612.50	6 375~7 125	6.80~19.40
冲洪积物母质区	8 576.40	6 450~7 200	19.10~33.00

Table 2 Biomass and removal rate in phytoremediation areas

类型	修复模式	每公顷植株数量/株	秸秆单株干重/g	提取量/(g·a^-1·hm^-2)
类型	修复模式	每公顷植株数量/株	秸秆单株干重/g	Cd	Pb	Cu		Cd		Pb		Cu
坡积物母质区	玉米	60 000	581.21	64.05	69.75	290.55	1.05		0.02		0.12
	龙葵	120 000	166.79	103.20	138.60	259.50	1.68		0.03		0.11
	合计	180 000	748.00	167.25	208.35	550.05	2.727		0.043		0.234
冲洪积物母质区	龙葵	120 000	166.79	95.40	153.30	205.35	1.58		0.04		0.07

Fig.8 Soil nutrient contents post-phytoremediation

Fig.9 Impact of phytoremediation on soil nutrient contents

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