Abstract: We investigated the deep geological structure of the Junggar Basin based on recent exploration and dating data and previous research results. We found that the present tectonic division, based on the pattern of Carboniferous top structure, can not reflect the uplift and depression in each evolutionary stage. The uplift and depression patterns and structural deformations are difference in deep and shallow sedimentary basins. The tectonic events at the end of the Carboniferous resulted in fold deformation, uplift and erosion, forming a NW-trending anticline and syncline structures in the basin. From Early to Middle Permian, multi sedimentary centers and tectonic settings led to the formation of important hydrocarbon source rock. Then from Late Permian to Jurassic, important regional cover layer of the basin was formed during two transgressive evolution stages of large lake sedimentary rocks burying the pre-basin. The coal-bearing Badaowan and Xishanyao Formations developed important source rocks. The large Che-Mo paleo-uplift formed prior to the deposition of the Toutunhe formation and experienced strong erosion.Tectonic event before the Cretaceous resulted in the formation of NW- and NE-trending micro strike-slip faults along deep faults. From the Cretaceous to Cenozoic, the basin basement was tilted toward northern Tianshan, with northern Tianshan front strongly subsided, formation strongly deformed, and the northern part of the basin uplifted and eroded. The deep basin possesses Carboniferous, Permian and Jurassic organic rich source rocks. Together with deep sourced mudstone, coal-bearing rock and gypsum of the Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic, they formed multi source-cap structure, giving rise to oil and gas enrichment in the deep basin and developing hydrocarbon center for deep oil and gas accumulation.

Key words: Junggar Basin, deep geological structure, superimposed deformation, multi-depression center, basement tilt, paleo-uplift, hydrocarbon accumulation