Oxygen isotope composition of scheelite in magmatic-hydrothermal W deposits: Tracing fluid source and evolution process

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.85

Abstract

Abstract:

A large number of magmatic hydrothermal tungsten deposits were formed in Nanling area in the Mesozoic with complex fluid source and evolution process. The ore deposits differ in the ore-forming granite type, intrusion depth and surrounding rock, and formed under influences of multi-stage fluid activities and meteoric water mixing. In this study the oxygen isotope composition of scheelites from different types of tungsten deposits are analyzed. The results show that scheelite related to S-type granite intrusion had the highest δ¹⁸O values (5.7‰-7.8‰), and those to A- and I-type granites had the lowest (2.9‰-4.5‰) and in-between (5.6‰) δ¹⁸O values, respectively. The ore-forming fluids in the early stage were mainly magmatic water, while the contribution of meteoric water in the late stage varied, where the addition of meteoric water, which had little effect on skarnization and greisenization, had large impact on quartz vein mineralization. The δ¹⁸O values in single quartz vein scheelite grain showed high spatial heterogeneity, with a decreasing trend from core to edge, reflecting multi-stage fluid activity. The study concludes based on the δ¹⁸O data that although scheelite of the early stage had undergone magmatic differentiation, fluid exsolution and hydrothermal precipitation, it still retains some characteristics of magmatic melt; while scheelite of early-late stage can reveal the fluid source and evolution in detail. The mineralization of skarn and greisen scheelite is mainly related to intense fluid-rock interactions, while scheelite precipitation in quartz vein is mainly related to the addition of large amounts of meteoric water.

Key words: magmatic-hydrothermal, scheelite, oxygen isotope, fluid source, Nanling

CLC Number:

WU Kunyan, LIU Biao, WU Qianhong, LI Huan. Oxygen isotope composition of scheelite in magmatic-hydrothermal W deposits: Tracing fluid source and evolution process[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 299-312.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Distribution of major W deposits in Nanling metallogenic belt. Modified afrte [1].

Fig.2 Geological map and cross-section with sample locations of the Shizhuyuan deposit (a and b modified after [15])

Fig.3 Geological map and cross-section with sample locations of the Tongshanling ore field (a, b and c modified after [9])

Fig.4 CL images of scheelite grains from skarn type W deposits

Fig.5 Geological map and cross-section with sample locations of the Yaogangxian deposit (a modified after [49])

Fig.6 CL images of scheelite grains from greisen and quartz-vein types of W deposits

Fig.7 Oxygen isotope of scheelite grains from different types of W deposits

Table 1 Oxygen isotope composition of different types of scheelite

Fig.7 Oxygen isotope of scheelite grains from different types of W deposits

Fig.8 Temperature (℃) versus δ18Oscheelite plot for the skarn-type scheelite grains, with isopleths of δ18 O H 2 O calculated using the scheelite-H2O fractionation equation

Fig.9 Temperature (℃) versus δ18Oscheelite plot for the quartz-type and greisen-type scheelite, with isopleths of δ18 O H 2 O calculated using the scheelite-H2O fractionation equation

Fig.10 Metallogenic model of different types of W deposits. (a) Metallogenic model of W deposits; (b) The crystallization processes of scheelite grains with oxygen isotope.

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