Mechanisms of rock- and ore-controlling structures and the implications for deep prospecting in the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit, southern Hunan Province, China

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.33

Abstract

Abstract:

The Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit is a typical magmatic-hydrothermal polymetallic deposit formed in the superimposed tectonic background of the Qinzhou-Hangzhou and Nanling metallogenic belts. This region is characterized by the compounding of Cu and Sn rich polymetallic metallogenic systems, combination of multi-period tectonic systems, and coupling between deep W-Sn and shallow Pb-Zn orebodies. However, the complex ore-controlling structural systems and position of deep Cu-Sn polymetallic orebodies are unclear. In this report, we carried out an in-depth study on the ore- and rock-controlling mechanisms, based on a detailed analysis of the deep-spreading pattern of the ore field structures. The results showed that the intrusive contact zone structural systems and the interlaminar fault-fracture systems, in two flanks of the overturned anticlines, control the distribution of the vein-irregular skarn type Cu-W-Sn polymetallic orebodies, and the hydrothermal vein type Pb-Zn-Ag-(Au) orebodies occurring along the NNE-NEE-trending interbedded and NW-trending faults, respectively. These orebodies have different lateral transverse features. By dissecting different combinations of ore-controlling structures for ore field, mineral deposits and orebodies, we revealed the hierarchical rules of rock- and ore-controlling structures and their central symmetry metallogenic effect, clarified the pre-mineralization and ore-forming periods and the post-mineralization structural systems, and established a rock- and ore-controlling structural model for the Huangshaping-Baoshan ore field. At the same time, we further clarified the dynamic background of the ore-forming process in the ore fields as follows: Since the Mesozoic era, the tectonic stress action of the ore-field experienced a ‘clockwise-style’ movement. In the early stage of the Yanshanian movement, the collision between the Pacific and the Cathaysia Plates resulted in the SEE-EW-trending principal compressive stress field. As a result, the ore related medium acidic magmatic intrusion and ore forming system are formed. This understanding provides important inspirations for deep prospecting and exploration in southern Hunan Province.

Key words: mechanisms of rock- and ore-controlling structures, magmatic hydrothermal system, central symmetry metallogenic effect, deep prospecting and exploration, Qinzhou-Hangzhong and Nanling metallogenic belts, Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

CLC Number:

HAN Runsheng, ZHAO Dong, WU Peng, WANG Lei, QIU Wenlong, LONG Yunqing, LIU Fengping, DENG Anping, ZONG Zhihong. Mechanisms of rock- and ore-controlling structures and the implications for deep prospecting in the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit, southern Hunan Province, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(4): 199-218.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 (a) Simplified geological map of the Qin-Hang and Nanling metallogenic belts showing ore deposit distribution (modified from [18,26]. (b) Geological outline of the Qianlishan-Qitianling area (modified from [27]). (c) Regional geological sketch map of the Huangshaping-Baoshan polymetallic ore field (modified from [28]). (d) Schematic diagram of spatial characteristics of the ‘twist flower’ structure. (e) Schematic diagram illustrating the mechanical properties contributing to the symmetry of the tectono-magma-metallogenic system of the ore field.

Fig.2 Geological sketch maps of the Huangshaping-Baoshan ore field (a) and the mine area (b), showing the 105 (c) and 109 (d) cross section of the Huangshaping copper-tin polymetallic deposit. Modified from [21].

Fig.3 Photomicrographs of hand specimens showing typical ore structures and textures in the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

Fig.4 Cross-section of the No.21 transverse drift at -136 m depth in the middle section of the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit, showing tectonic alterations

Fig.5 Cross-section of the No.26 transverse drift at -136 m depth in the middle section of the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit, showing tectonic alterations

Fig.6 Geometric, kinematic and mechanical analyses of contact fault structure in the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

Fig.7 The typical tectonic breccia in the intrusive contact structure of the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

Fig.8 Geometric, kinematic and mechanical analyses of faults in the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

Table 1 Metallogenic elemental contents of different trend tectonites in the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

序号	样号	断裂产状(走向-倾角-倾向)	主要力学性质	w_B/10^-6
序号	样号	断裂产状(走向-倾角-倾向)	主要力学性质	W	Sn	Mo	Bi	Cu	Pb	Zn	Ag
1	HHc-11	NE45°∠76°NW	扭性→压扭性	12.40	659	2.16	1.38	56.60	194 100	37 900	251
2	HHc-17	NE65°∠75°NW	右行压性	7.25	34.00	18.90	0.69	34.00	480	371	2.81
3	HHc-21-2	NE76°∠61°NW	右行压扭性	9.83	15.10	12.70	1.05	19.60	58.00	361	1.49
4	HHc-219	NE30°∠75°SE	张性→压性	578	201	661	164	7.34	19.90	253	0.51
5	HHc-227	NE30°∠85°SE	压扭→张扭性	3.50	6.53	1.24	1.87	54.40	46.50	103	0.36
6	HHc-234	NE30°∠62°SE	压扭性	20.30	1 400	0.53	18.60	408	152	115 000	7.84
7	HHc-237	NE20°∠75°SE	压扭性	14.70	22.80	0.63	1.99	24.70	53.60	143	0.64
8	HQc-34	NE40°∠80°NW	压扭性	7.05	8.66	4.79	0.43	16.90	118	171	0.67
9	HQc-36	NE49°∠77°SE	张性→右行扭性	70.80	19.80	3.50	1.25	17.40	202	371	1.31
10	HQc-39	NE50°∠59°NW	右行扭性	20.00	91.80	1.25	0.53	152	125 300	13 400	188
11	HQc-40	NE59°∠61°NW	右行扭压性	8.82	20.00	4.94	1.47	12.70	347	176	2.17
12	HHc-06	NE10°∠65°~80°SE	压性	74.50	95.30	3.47	2.33	34.10	8 135	7 424	36.20
13	HHc-08	NW15°∠80°NE	压性	17.50	432	4.66	0.37	53.90	10 300	47 000	40.90
14	HHc-236	SN∠65°E	压性	3.04	6.65	0.68	1.13	33.60	67.70	172	0.45
15	HHc-240	SN∠70°E	压性	9.00	31.30	2.21	47.70	29.70	306	246	2.34
16	HQc-12	NW60°∠80°NE	张性→压性为主兼左行	56.10	155	1.90	251	1 000	39.40	1 500	13.70
17	HQc-2	NW30°∠75°SW	右行压性	6.50	3.40	2.67	5.29	217	7.71	139	0.56
18	HFc-12	SN∠55°W	张性	12.20	97.60	2.76	0.91	169	39 800	2 248	52.20
19	HTKc04-1	NW20°∠80°SW	右行压扭性	4.08	3.56	4.48	1.06	32.30	88.50	118	0.08
20	HTKc04-2	NW20°∠80°SW	右行压扭性	1.12	2.11	1.89	0.53	12.50	41.70	153	0.16

Fig.9 Geometric, kinematic and mechanical analyses of complex folds on the periphery of the Huangshaping-Baoshan ore field

Fig.10 Geometric, kinematic and mechanical analyses of positions HH1 and HH4 in the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

Table 2 The scales, types, assemblages and ore-controlling effect of geological structures in the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

构造等级	矿田构造^*	矿床构造	矿体构造	矿脉构造
构造类型	NNE-NEE-SN-NE向“S”型断褶带 NWW-EW向断裂带	岩浆侵入构造 NNE压扭性断裂 NWW张性断裂上银山倒转背斜	“多字型”断裂接触带构造侵入角砾岩构造NNE向倒转褶皱	层间断裂节理裂隙
构造组合	矿田“井字型”构造	“棋盘格式”构造断褶构造组合复合构造组合	“入字型”构造 “多字型”构造热液角砾岩构造岩浆侵入角砾岩构造
控矿作用	控制岩浆侵入与流体运移通道(导矿构造)及聚矿作用	配矿、容矿之作用

Fig.11 The ore field structural systems and their evolution of the Huangshaping-Baoshan Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

Fig.12 Tectonic-controlling model for the Huangshaping Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit

Fig.13 Geometric and kinematic analyses of position HTK04 in the Huangshaping-Baoshan ore field

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