Soil chromium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province: Spatial distribution characteristics, source apportionment and influencing factors

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.2.77

Abstract

Abstract:

Shantou City, one of the special economic zones of Guangdong Province, is the economic and political center of Chaoshan area, with high level of industrialization and urbanization. In the past, soil environmental quality researches in Guangdong were mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, while they lacked systemic investigation on the distribution and source apportionment of environmental soil elements in the Han River Delta. This study sought to assess the soil chromium (Cr) pollution status of Shantou City to aid prevention and control of Cr pollution in the area. According to the standard grid, 511 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) and 138 deep soil samples (>15 cm) were collected to determine the soil Cr contents. The Cr pollution status of surface soil was analyzed by the enrichment factor method, and the source of soil Cr was identified using PAC analysis; through Kriging interpolation and ANOVA, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil Cr and the influencing factors were explored. According to the results, the geometric mean content of Cr in the surface soil was 32.40 mg·kg^-1, which is lower than the Cr background value for Shantou City (39.52 mg·kg^-1) and much lower than the national Cr risk control standard (300 mg·kg^-1, 6.5<pH≤7.5). Most of the soil samples showed no (66.34% samples) or slight (34.66% samples) Cr accumulation, with no obvious Cr contamination. The areas with high soil Cr values were mainly in the northern Chaonan District and northern and southwestern Chanyang District, and the lowest value areas were in the eastern Chaonan District and the coastal area of southeastern Haojiang District. PAC and Pearson’s correlation analysis results indicate the source of soil Cr in Shantou City is a combination of human activities and natural sources, mainly influenced by the soil parent material, with relatively high Cr in Triassic sandstone and low Cr in cretaceous granite. Cr content in paddy soil was higher than other soil types and relatively low in coastal sand soil, but there were no obvious differences between different land-use types; and human activities had no significant influence on soil Cr. The soil Cr background value obtained by this study laid a foundation for subsequent researches. Meanwhile by integrating multiple indicators this study accurately determined the source apportionment of soil Cr and analyzed its influencing factors, which provides an important reference for assessing Cr pollution and formulating the corresponding prevention measures.

Key words: soil Cr, pollution, spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factor, Shantou City

CLC Number:

P595
X142

JIANG Xingchao, XU Jing, LI Ruyi, JIA Yifan, YANG Pan, LUO Jie. Soil chromium in Shantou City, Guangdong Province: Spatial distribution characteristics, source apportionment and influencing factors[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 514-525.

Figures/Tables 13

References 57

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污染程度	富集因子	污染程度	富集因子	污染程度	富集因子
Ⅰ 未污染	<1	Ⅲ中度污染	2~<5	Ⅴ强烈污染	20~40
Ⅱ轻微污染	1~<2	Ⅳ显著污染	5~<20	Ⅵ极强污染	>40

污染程度	富集因子	污染程度	富集因子	污染程度	富集因子
Ⅰ 未污染	<1	Ⅲ中度污染	2~<5	Ⅴ强烈污染	20~40
Ⅱ轻微污染	1~<2	Ⅳ显著污染	5~<20	Ⅵ极强污染	>40

类型		最小值/ (mg·kg^-1)	中值/ (mg·kg^-1)	最大值/ (mg·kg^-1)	几何均值/ (mg·kg^-1)	标准差/ (mg·kg^-1)	变异系数/ %	背景值/ (mg·kg^-1)	偏度	峰度
Cr元素	浅层	2.20	33.20	109.10	32.40	16.08	0.45	35.33	0.86	1.41
Cr元素	深层	2.10	44.20	110.50	39.52	20.55	0.46	44.44	0.39	-0.32
SiO₂	浅层	50.91	66.65	95.64	67.03	7.87	0.12	67.05	0.88	1.14
SiO₂	深层	52.46	64.28	93.76	65.57	8.36	0.13	65.68	1.02	0.82
Ti元素	浅层	581.20	3 367.80	6 847.80	3 091.51	1 085.09	0.33	3 292.69	-0.07	-0.5
Ti元素	深层	489.10	3 914.00	6 511.40	3 553.05	1 168.44	0.31	3 787.59	-0.44	-0.26

类型		最小值/ (mg·kg^-1)	中值/ (mg·kg^-1)	最大值/ (mg·kg^-1)	几何均值/ (mg·kg^-1)	标准差/ (mg·kg^-1)	变异系数/ %	背景值/ (mg·kg^-1)	偏度	峰度
Cr元素	浅层	2.20	33.20	109.10	32.40	16.08	0.45	35.33	0.86	1.41
Cr元素	深层	2.10	44.20	110.50	39.52	20.55	0.46	44.44	0.39	-0.32
SiO₂	浅层	50.91	66.65	95.64	67.03	7.87	0.12	67.05	0.88	1.14
SiO₂	深层	52.46	64.28	93.76	65.57	8.36	0.13	65.68	1.02	0.82
Ti元素	浅层	581.20	3 367.80	6 847.80	3 091.51	1 085.09	0.33	3 292.69	-0.07	-0.5
Ti元素	深层	489.10	3 914.00	6 511.40	3 553.05	1 168.44	0.31	3 787.59	-0.44	-0.26

元素及化合物	Cr	SiO₂	Ti
Cr	1	-0.322^*	0.635^**
SiO₂		1	-0.670^**
Ti			1