Geological-geophysical models of the Earth’s crust along the Russian-Mongolian geotransects

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.3.10

Abstract

Abstract:

Transects are vertical sections of the Earth’s crust, which reveal the nature of tectonic zones, as well as their spatial relationships through a combined analysis of their geology and geophysics. Transect documents contain a geological map for a strip of land 100 km wide, a geological section of the upper crust, gravity and magnetic maps (and/or corresponding profiles along the transect), and a geophysical profile of the crust, differentiated by seismic velocities, densities and other geophysical properties. These data are used to compose a combined cross-section (the resulting section), which shows a set of rocks typical of various geodynamic conditions (rifts, oceans, collision zones, orogenic basins, continental platforms and magmatic arcs, including Andean island arcs, active continental outskirts, trenches, basins of front and rear arcs). The objective of this project was to build deep sections according to unified legends based on the interpretation of all available geological and geophysical data in order to determine the spatial relationship of terranes and their geodynamic nature in terms of plate tectonics.
A number of terranes have been discriminated in the territory of the southern part of Eastern Siberia and the territory of Mongolia, and their geodynamic nature and space-time relations were analysed. The terranes were found out to be Vendian-Early Paleozoic, Middle-Late Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic island arcs and microcontinents. Moreover, Middle-Late Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic Andean-type active continental margins and Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic passive margins and Early Cretaceous rifts were identified and studied. The rock complexes related to the island arcs and Andean-type active continental margins are thrust over the bordering continents and microcontinents, the width of the respective tectonic nappes attaining 150 km. Schematic paleogeodynamic reconstructions for the area of the Mongolia-Okhotsk ocean have been performed, spanning the period from Devonian to Late Jurassic.
“Non-geosyncline” granitoid magmatism finds straightforward and sound explanation in terms of plate tectonics where provinces of Devonian-Carboniferous and Permian-Triassic magmatism correspond to Andean-type active continental margins and Middle-Late Jurassic magmatism is associated with Siberia/Mongolia-China collision. The presence of a subalkaline (mantle) element in collisional magmatism and the great extent of the area it occupies can be explained by suggesting that an oceanic rift (a mantle hotspot) was buried under thick continental lithosphere after closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk ocean. In the Early Cretaceous, the setting of collision gave way to that of continental rifting.
The existence of an Andean-type active margin over the great extent of the southern border of Siberia is likewise responsible for minor abundance of ophiolites along the Mongolia-Okhotsk suture. When one colliding continent has an Andean-type active margin and the other has a passive margin, the continental crust of the former thrusts over the latter, and no conditions arise for ophiolites to expose. Blocks of dismembered ophiolites, that are remnants of truncated seamounts, can be part of chaotic complexes building accretion-subduction wedges. However, accumulation of such wedges in the Late Permian-Early Jurassic was not typical of the active margin of Siberia because of rapid subduction.
An analysis of geological and geophysical data on transects shows that the Asian continent was formed in the Phanerozoic as a result of accretion of terranes, some of which were microcontinents with a Precambrian foundation. Precambrian blocks are separated by deformed and strongly eroded Phanerozoic igneous arcs of various widths, also classified as specific terranes.

Key words: geology, geophysics, section of the Earth’s crust

Evgeny Kh. TURUTANOV, Evgeny V. SKLYAROV, Valentina V. MORDVINOVA, Anatoly M. MAZUKABZOV, Viktor S. KANAYKIN. Geological-geophysical models of the Earth’s crust along the Russian-Mongolian geotransects[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 260-282.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Tectonic map of Central and Eastern Mongolia and southern regions of Eastern Siberia (modified from Zorin et al.(1998)): 1—platforms and microcontinents with Precambrian basement; 2—Archean and Early Proterozoic blocks in Riphean and Vendian-Early Paleozoic fold areas (K=Kichera, M=Muya, T=Tarbagatai, KYA=Kyahta, G=Gargin); 3—Riphean (Late Proterozoic) fold area; 4—Vendian-Early Paleozoic Siberian fold area superposed by Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic series of active continental margin; 5—Vendian-Early Paleozoic Mongolian fold area; 6—Middle Paleozoic fold area of Paleotethys; 7—Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic area of Paleotethys; 8—Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic Mongolia-Okhotsk fold belt; 9—Late Cenozoic rift basins; 10—normal faults; 11—thrusts; 12—lines of transects (SSCM=South Siberia-Central Mongolia, BM=Baikal-Mongolian, ES=Eastern Siberian, EM=Eastern Mongolian; thin dashed lines=boundaries of the transect strip maps).

Fig.2 South Siberia-Central Mongolia transect, segment A3-B3 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1993)). I—Geophysical anomalies: 1—Bouguer gravity anomalies; 2—regional gravity anomalies; difference between 1 and 2 is decompensative gravity anomalies reflecting the upper-crust structure; 3—magnetic anomalies (ΔT). II—Geophysical cross section: 1—contours of bodies producing decompensative gravity anomalies; 2—weighted average densities; 3—gravity centers of magnetic bodies; 4—vertical seismic profiles (digits are P wave velocities); 5—Moho discontinuity. Ⅲ—Transect. Rock series of continental rifts (1, 2): 1—Late Cenozoic sediments with basaltic intercalations; 2—Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments with basaltic intercalations. Rock series of hot spots (3-5): 3—Early Jurassic bimodal volcanics intercalated with sediments; 4—Early Permian to Triassic alkaline granites; 5—Early Permian to Triassic alkaline basic intrusions. Rock series of orogenic basins (6-9): 6—Jurassic clastics of Siderian Platform margins; 7—Late Paleozoic molasse; 8—Middle Paleozoic molasse; 9—Early Paleozoic molasse. Rock series of magmatic arc, including island arc and active continental margins (10-17); 10—Late Paleozoic volcanic-sedimentary rocks; 11—Middle Paleozoic volcanic and volcanic-sedimentary rocks; 12—Early Paleozoic volcanic and volcanic-sedimentary rocks; 13—Late Paleozoic collision-related felsic intrusions; 14—Middle Paleozoic subduction- and collision-related felsic intrusions; 15—Early Paleozoic subduction- and collision-related felsic intrusions; 16—Late Paleozoic basic and intermediate intrusions; 17—Middle Paleozoic basic and intermediate intrusions; 18—Early Paleozoic basic and intermediate intrusions; 19—Late Paleozoic sediments infilling fore- and back-arc basins; 20—Middle Paleozoic chaotic complex of subduction-accretion wedge; 21—Middle Paleozoic sediments infilling back-arc basins. Ophiolites (22-25): 22—Late Paleozoic; 23—Middle Paleozoic; 24—Late Precambrian to Early Paleozoic; 25—fragments of oceanic crust of uncertain age. Ocean sediments (26-28): 26—Late Paleozoic; 27—Middle Paleozoic; 28—Late Precambrian to Early Paleozoic. Shelf sediments (29-31): 29—Ordovicican to Early Devonian; 30—Vendian to Cambrian; 31—Riphean to Cambrian. Precambrian continental crust (32-34): 32—uncertain in composition; 33—with significant role of granites; 34—with greenstone belts. Tectonic symbols (35-37): 35—normal faults and faults of uncertain geometry; 36—thrust faults; 37—wrench faults (right-lateral). SP—Siberian Platform; TM—Tuva-Mongolia microcontinent.

Fig.3 South Siberia-Central Mongolia transect, segment B3-C3 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1993)). For the legend, see Fig.2.

Fig.4 South Siberia-Central Mongolia transect, segment C3-D3 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1993)). For the legend, see Fig.2.

Fig.5 South Siberia-Central Mongolia transect, segment D3-E3 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1993)). For the legend, see Fig.2.

Fig.6 East Siberia transect, segment A1-B1 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1997a)). I—Geophysical anomalies: 1—Bouguer gravity anomalies; 2—regional gravity anomalies; difference between 1 and 2 is decompensative gravity anomalies reflecting the upper-crust structure; 3—magnetic anomalies (ΔT). II—Geophysical cross section: 1—contours of bodies producing decompensative gravity anomalies; 2—weighted average densities; 3—gravity centers of magnetic bodies; 4—vertical seismic profiles (digits are P wave velocities); 5—Moho discontinuity. Ⅲ—Transect. Rocks of continental rifts. Neogenic (Ng) (1, 2): 1—sediments; 2—basalts. Early Cretaceous (K1) (3, 4): 3—sediments; 4—volcanics. Collision-related rocks. Middle-Late Jurassic (5-7): 5—molasse (J2); 6—volcanics ( J 23); 7—granites & granodiorites ( J 23). Early Paleozoic (O-S): 8—granites & granodiorites. Rifean (Rif): 9—granites & granodiorites. Subduction-related rocks (magmatic arcs including subduction wedges, fore-and back-arc basins). Late Permian-Early Jurassic (P2-T & J1) (10-13): 10—marine sediments & volcanics; 11—continental sediments & volcanics; 12—granites & tonalites; 13—mafic intrusives. Late Carboniferous-Early Permian (C2-P1) (14-15): 14—granites & tonalites; 15—mafic intrusives. Devonian-Early Carboniferous (D-C1) (16-19): 16—marine sediments & volcanics; 17—continental sediments & volcanics; 18—granites & tonalites; 19—mafic intrusives. Vendian-Cambrian (V- C) & Vendian-Ordovician (V-O) (20-22): 20—sediments & volcanics; 21—tonalites & granodiorites; 22—mafic intrusives. Rifean (Rif) (23-25): 23—marine sediments & volcanics; 24—tonalites & granodiorites; 25—mafic intrusives. Platforms & microcontinents (26-33): 26—Early Jurassic (J1) passive continental margin; 27—Late Permian-Triassic (P2-T) passive continental margin; 28—Vendian-Ordovician (V-O) & Vendian-Cambrian (V- C) shelf; 29—Rifean (Rif) passive margin; 30—Rifean (Rif) shelf; 31—Early Precambrian (Pt1) crust with significant role of granites; 32—Early Precambrian (AR-Pt1) mainly tonalitic crust; 33—Early Precambrian crust with mafic rocks (AR-Pt1). Tectonic symbols (34-37): 34—normal faults & faults of uncertain geometry; 35—Middle Jurassic thrusts; 36—Ordovician-Silurian thrusts; 37—Rifean thrusts reactivated in Ordovician-Silurian.

Fig.7 East Siberia transect, segment B1-C1 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1997a)). For the legend, see Fig.6.

Fig.8 East Siberia transect, segment C1-D1 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1995, 1997b)). For the legend, see Fig.6.

Fig.9 East Mongolia transect, segment A2-B2 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1998)). I—Geophysical anomalies: 1—Bouguer gravity anomalies; 2—regional gravity anomalies; difference between 1 and 2 is decompensative gravity anomalies reflecting the upper-crust structure; 3—magnetic anomalies (ΔT). II—Geophysical cross section: 1—contours of bodies producing decompensative gravity anomalies; 2—weighted average densities; 3—gravity centers of magnetic bodies; 4—vertical seismic profiles (digits are P wave velocities); 5—Moho discontinuity. Ⅲ—Transect. Early Cretaceous formation of continental rift: 1—sediments with effusive-body horizons. Collision-related rocks (2-7). Middle-Late Jurassic collision of Mongolo-China and Siberia (2, 3): 2—volcano-sedimentary sequences; 3—granitoids. Triassic collision of the Mongolian and North-Chinese continents (4, 5): 4—volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary sequences; 5—granitoids. Early Carboniferous collision of the North Gobi microcontinent with South Gobi island arc: 6—granitoids. Ordovician-Silurian collision of island arcs with the North Gobi microcontinent: 7—granitoids. Subduction formations (magmatic-arc series, including those of Andean-type active continental margins, island arcs, trenches, fore- and back-arc basins) (8-23). Late Permian-Early Jurassic subduction beneath the southern part of Siberia (8, 9): 8—granitoids; 9—mafic intrusive rocks. Late Carboniferous-Early Permian subduction beneath the northern part of Mongolia (10-12): 10—volcano-sedimentary sequences; 11—granitoids; 12—mafic intrusive rocks. Middle Carboniferous-Late Permian subduction beneath the southern part of Mongolia (13-15): 13—volcano-sedimentary sequences; 14—granitoids; 15—mafic intrusive rocks. Devonian-Early Permian subduction beneath Siberia, Devonian-Early Carboniferous subduction beneath the Central-Mongolia microcontinent, and Ordovician-Early Carboniferous subduction beneath the South Gobi island arc (16-19): 16—sedimentary sequences; 17—volcano-sedimentary sequences; 18—granitoids; 19—basic intrusive bodies. Vendian-Early Paleozoic subduction beneath the island arcs of the Paleoasian ocean (20-23): 20—sedimentary sequences; 21—volcano-sedimentary sequences; 22—granitoids; 23—mafic intrusive bodies. Formations of continents and microcontinents (24-28): 24—Late Permian-Triassic deposits of the northern passive margin of the Mongolia continent; 25—Late Permian continental deposits; 26—Devonian marine carbonates and clastic deposits; 27—Vendian-Early Paleozoic marine carbonates and clastic deposits; 28—pre-Riphean continental crust. Faults (29-32): 29—normal faults and faults of uncertain geometry; 30—Early Mesozoic thrusts; 31—Middle Paleozoic thrusts; 32—Early Paleozoic thrusts.

Fig.11 East Mongolia transect, segment C2-D2 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1998)). For the legend, see Fig.9.

Fig.10 East Mongolia transect, segment B2-C2 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1998)). For the legend, see Fig.9.

Fig.12 Baikal-Mongolia transect, segment A3-B'3 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1994)). I—Geophysical anomalies: 1—Bouguer gravity anomalies; 2—regional gravity anomalies; difference between 1 and 2 is decompensative gravity anomalies reflecting the upper-crust structure; 3—magnetic anomalies (ΔT). II—Geophysical cross section: 1—contours of bodies producing decompensative gravity anomalies; 2—weighted average densities; 3—gravity centers of magnetic bodies; 4—Moho discontinuity. Ⅲ—Transect. Formations of continental rifts and “hot spots” (1-5): 1—Late Cenozoic clastic deposits with interlayers of basalts; 2—Late Mesozoic clastic and volcanogenic-sedimentary deposits; 3—Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic volcanic rocks of the bimodal series with horizons of clastic deposits; 4—Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic alkaline granites and syenites; 5—main intrusions of the same age. Formations of foothill and intermountain subsidences of the orogenic stages (6, 7): 6—Jurassic continental deposits of the marginal part of the Siberian Platform; 7—Middle Paleozoic malasses. Formations of magmatic arcs (including island arcs and active margins of continents) (8-19): 8-10—volcanogenic and volcanogenic-sedimentary strata of the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic (8), Middle Paleozoic (9) and Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic (10) stages; 11-13—granitoids of the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic (11), Middle Paleozoic (12) and Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic (13) stages; 14-16—main and medium intrusions of the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic (14), Middle Paleozoic (15) and Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic (16) stages; 17-19—sedimentary deposits of the pre- and back-arc troughs of the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic (17), Middle Paleozoic (18) and Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic (19) stages. Oceanic formations (20-25): 20-22—ophiolites of the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic (20), Middle Paleozoic (21) and Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic (22) stages; 23-25—deep-water sediments of the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic (23), Middle Paleozoic (24) and Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic (25) stages. Offshore formations (26-28): 26—Middle Paleozoic shelf of the Paleotethys; 27—sedimentary cover of the Siberian Platform (Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic); 28—sedimentary cover of microcontinent (Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic). Precambrian continental crust of the platform and microcontinent (29, 30): 29—not dissected by composition; 30—with significant volumes of main rocks. Faults (31-33): 31—dip-slip faults dip and faults of an undetermined nature; 32—overthrusts; 33—faults (a left-side fault is indicated).

Fig.13 Baikal-Mongolia transect, segment B'3-C'3 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1994)). For the legend, see Fig.12.

Fig.14 Baikal-Mongolia transect, segment C'3-D'3 (see Fig.1; modified from Zorin et al.(1994)). For the legend, see Fig.12.

References 46

[1]	Argutina T A, Bulavko L F, Bulin N K, et al., 1974. Deep geological structure of the Transbaikalia[J]. Sovetskaya Geologia (1):103-117 (in Russian).
[2]	Belichenko V G, Shmotov A P, Sez’ko A I, et al., 1988. Precambrian and Paleozoic evolution of Earth crust (Sayan-Baikal Mountain region)[M]. Novosibirsk: Nauka: 161 (in Russian).
[3]	Berzin N A, Dobretsov N L, 1993. Geodynamic evolution of Siberia in Late Precambrian - Early Paleozoic time: reconstruction of the Paleo-Asian ocean[M]. Amsterdam: VSR International Science Pubishers: 45-62.
[4]	Cordell L, Zorin Y A, Keller R, 1991. The decompensative gravity anomaly and deepstructure of the region of the Rio Grande rift[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(B4):6557-6558. DOI URL
[5]	Dergunov A B, 1989. Caledonides of Central Asia[M]. Moscow: [s.n.]: 191 (in Russian).
[6]	Didenko A N, Mossakovskii A A, Pecherskii D M, et al., 1994. Geodynamics of the Paleozoic oceans of the Central Asia[J]. Geologia i Geofizika (7/8):59-75 (in Russian).
[7]	Dortman N B, 1984. Physical properties of rocks and mineral resources[M]. Moscow: [s.n.]: 445 (in Russian).
[8]	Egorkin A V, Chernikov N M, Danilova Y G, et al., 1980. A regional profile across the northern Asian continent[M]//Zverev S M, Kosminskaya I P. Seismic models of the lithosphere of major geological units on the USSR Territory. Moscow:Nauka:61-67 (in Russian).
[9]	Filippova I B, 1969. The Khangay synclinorium: main features of structure and evolution[J]. Geotektonika(5):76-78 (in Russian).
[10]	Korostin P V, 1968. Magnetic field of the Baikal area and an essay of its geological interpretation[M]//Belousov V V, Florensov N A. Baikal rift. Moscow: Nauka:131-139 (in Russian).
[11]	Kovalenko V I, Yarmoliuk V V, 1990. Evolution of magmatism in geological structures of Mongolia[M]//Zaitsev N S, Kovalenko V I. Evolution of geological processes. Moscow: [s.n.]: 23-55 (in Russian).
[12]	Kozhevnikov V M, Antonova L M, Yanovskaya T B, 1990. Horizontal inhomogeneities of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Asian continent according to the data on the surface Rayleigh waves[J]. Izv AN SSSR, Fizika Zemli (3):3-11 (in Russian).
[13]	Krylov S V, Mishen’kin B P, Bryksin A V, 1990a. Deep structure of the Baikal rift zone according to the data of multi-waves seismic investigations[M]//Geodynamics of the intracontinental mountainous regions. Novosibirsk:Nauka: 162-169 (in Russian).
[14]	Krylov S V, Mandelbaum M M, Seleznev V S, et al., 1990b. Detail deep seismic studies in the Upper Angara area of the Baikal rift zone[J]. Geologia i Geofizika (7):17-27 (in Russian).
[15]	Kuznetzov V G, Khrenov P M, 1982. Geological map of Irkutsk region, scale 1∶500000[CM]. Leningrad: VSEGEI: 10 (in Russian).
[16]	Mordvinova V V, Zorin Y A, Gao S, et al., 1995. Estimations of the Earth’s crust thickness on the profile Irkutsk-Ulan-Baator-Undurshil according to the spectral ratios of the body seismic waves[J]. Fizika Zemli (9):3-11 (in Russian).
[17]	Novoselova M R, 1978. Magnetic anomalies of the Baikal rift zone and adjacent areas[J]. Tectonophysics, 46(1):95-100.
[18]	Phinney R A, 1964. Structure of the Earth’s crust from spectral behavior of long-period body waves[J]. Jurnal of Geophysical Research, 69(14):2997-3017.
[19]	Pis’mennyi B M, Alakshin A M, Poepeev A V, et al., 1984. Geology and seismicity of the BAM zone[M]. Novosibirsk: Nauka: 172 (in Russian).
[20]	Puzyrev N N, 1981. The interior of Baikal from seismic data[M]. Novosibirsk: Nauka: 105 (in Russian).
[21]	Rutstein I G, 1992. Geological map of the Chita region, scale 1∶500000[CM]. Moscow: MPGIT: 23.
[22]	Ruzhentsev S V, Badarch G, Voznesenskaya T A, 1985. Tectonics of Trans-Altai zone of Mongolia[J]. Geotectonics, 19(4):276-284 (in Russian).
[23]	Ruzhentsev S V, Mossakovskiy A A, 1996. Geodynamics and tectonic evolution of the central segments of the Earth[J]. Geotectonics, 29(4):211-311.
[24]	Shobogorov P C, 1977. Geological map of Bouriatia, scale 1∶500000[CM]. Leningrad: VSEGEI: 9 (in Russian).
[25]	Stepanov P P, Volkhonin V S, 1969. The present-day deep structure of the crust in Mongolia, from geophysical evidence[J]. Sovetskaya Geologia (5):47-63 (in Russian).
[26]	Tsyrendorzhiev T T, 1963. Elements of tectonics of the Baikal area, from geophysical data[J]. Geologia and Geofizika (6):60-67 (in Russian).
[27]	Vinnik L P, 1977. Detection of waves converted from P to S in the mantle[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 15:39-45. DOI URL
[28]	Zamaraev S M, 1967. Marginal features of the southern Siberian Platform[M]. Moscow: Nauka: 248 (in Russian).
[29]	Zonenshain L P, Kus’min M I, Natapov L M, 1990. Tectonics of the lithosphere plates in the USSR area[M]. [S.l.]: Nauka: 326 (in Russian).
[30]	Zorin Y A, 1967. On tectonics of the Eastern and Central Trans-Baikal area in the Late Mesozoic[J]. Geotectonika (1):97-108 (in Russian).
[31]	Zorin Y A, 1971. The newest structure and isostasy of the Baikal rift zone and adjacent areas[M]. Moscow: Nauka: 168 (in Russian).
[32]	Zorin Y A, Novoselova M P, Rogozhina V A, 1982. Deep structure of the Mongolia[M]. Novosibirsk: Nauka: 93 (in Russian).
[33]	Zorin Y A, Pis’mennui B M, Novoselova M P, et al., 1985. Decompensative gravity anomalies[J]. Geologiya i Geofizika (8):104-108 (in Russian).
[34]	Zorin Y A, Mordvinova V V, Novoselova M P, et al., 1986. Density inhomogeneity of the mantle beneath the Baikal rift[J]. Izv AN SSSR Fizika Zemli (5):43-52 (in Russian).
[35]	Zorin Y A, Kozhevnikov V M, Novoselova M R, et al., 1989. Thickness of the lithosphere beneath the Baikal zone and adjacent regions[J]. Tectonophysics, 168:327-337. DOI URL
[36]	Zorin Y A, Novoselova M R, Turutanov E K, et al., 1990. Structure of the lithosphere in the Mongolia-Siberian mountainous province[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 11:327-342. DOI URL
[37]	Zorin Y A, Belichenko V G, Turutanov E K, et al., 1993. The South Siberia - Central Mongolia transect[J]. Tectonophysics, 225:361-378. DOI URL
[38]	Zorin Y A, Belichenko V G, Turutanov E K, et al., 1994. Baikal-Mongolian transect[J]. Geologia i Geofizika (7/8):94-110 (in Russian).
[39]	Zorin Y A, Belichenko V G, Turutanov E K, et al., 1995. The East Siberia transect[J]. International Geology Review, 37(2):154-175. DOI URL
[40]	Zorin Y A, Belichenko V G, Logachev N A, et al., 1996. Paleogeodynamics of the central Asia[M]//Lithosphere of the central Asia. Novosibirsk:Nauka:9-16 (in Russian).
[41]	Zorin Y A, Belichenko V G, Turutanov E K, et al., 1997a. Earth’s crust structure and geodynamics of the Baikal fold area[J]. Otechestvennaya Geologiya (10):37-44 (in Russian).
[42]	Zorin Y A, Belichenko V G, Turutanov E K, et al., 1997b. Earth’s crust structure and geodynamics of the western part of Mongolia-Okhotsk belt[J]. Otechestvennaya Geologia (11):52-58 (in Russian).
[43]	Zorin Y A, Belichenko V G, Turutanov E K, et al., 1998. The terreins of the Eastern Mongolia and Central Transbaikalia and evolution of Mongolo-Okhotsk fold beld[J]. Geologiya i Geofisika, 39(1):11-25 (in Russian).
[44]	Zorin Y A, Mordvinova V V, Turutanov E K, et al., 2002. Low seismic velocity layers in the Earth’s crust beneath Eastern Siberia (Russia) and Central Mongolia: receiver function data and their possible geological implication[J]. Tectonophysics, 359:307-327. DOI URL
[45]	Zorin Y A, Turutanov E K, Mordvinova V V, et al., 2004. Complex geophysical and seismological investigations in Mongolia[M]. Ulanbaatar-Irkutsk: Institute of Earth Crust SD Russian AS: 33-50.
[46]	Zverev S M, Kos’minskaya I P, 1980. Seismic models of the main geostructures of the USSR[M]. Moscow: Nauka: 183 (in Russian).