Characteristics of fluid inclusions in and metallogensis of the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit in Inner Mongolia

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.30

Abstract

Abstract:

The Zhuanshanzi gold deposit is located on the northern margin of the eastern section of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, in the boundary area between the North China Craton and the Xingmeng orogenic belt. Its ore-bodies are hosted in the Lower Permian limestone (Yujiabeigou Formation), Middle Permian rhyolite and Middle Triassic granite-porphyry, intercalated by Late Triassic diorite. Based on the studies of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals in various mineralization stages of the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit, we discuss in this paper the property and evolution of ore-forming fluids in the deposit. The ore-forming process can be divided into three metallogenic stages: quartz-pyrite, quartz-sulfide, and quartz-calcite-fluorite mineralization stages. Petrographic observation indicates fluid inclusions within the deposit can be divided into six types: biphasic vapor-aqueous, multiphasic CO₂-H₂O, daughter mineral-bearing multiphasic, monophasic CO₂, monophasic vapor, and monophasic liquid inclusions. The temperature and salinity of the ore-forming fluids showed a decreasing trend from the first to the last metallogenic stage. The ore-forming fluid system is a CO₂-NaCl-H₂O system characterized by medium high temperature, medium low to high salinity and medium low density. In the main ore-forming stage, the ranges of hydrostatic pressures within the biphasic vapor-aqueous salt water system and triphasic CO₂-H₂O inclusions were 15.7-28.6 MPa and 59.0-88.7 MPa, respectively, and the ore-forming depth ranged between 1.6 and 3.3 km. It is considered that the immiscible (boiling) effect of the ore-forming fluid is the main mechanism of mineral precipitation, and the deposit is closely related to the magmatic activity caused by the collision between the North China and Siberian plates from the Middle to Late Triassic. The Zhuanshanzi gold deposit is a typical medium high temperature magmatic hydrothermal deposit in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: fluid inclusion, fluid immiscibility, Zhuanshanzi gold deposit, Inner Mongolia

CLC Number:

P618.51
P611

OUYANG Xin, ZHANG Yongmei, GU Xuexiang, LIU Li, WANG Luzhi, GAO Liye. Characteristics of fluid inclusions in and metallogensis of the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit in Inner Mongolia[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(2): 320-332.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Simplified geological map of (a) eastern China (modified after [11]) and (b) the Chifeng-Chaoyang area (adapted from [14])

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit. Modified after [16].

Fig.3 Cross section of No.27 mineral vein prospecting line of the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit. Modified after [10].

Fig.4 Characteristics of typical rocks and ores in the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit

Fig.5 Typical ore texture and mineral assemblage in the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit

Fig.6 Diagram of mineralization stages and mineral formation sequences of the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit

Fig.7 Photomicrographs of typical fluid inclusions in the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit

Table 1 Homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions in the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit

Fig.8 Histograms of homogenization temperature (a), salinity (b), density (c), and pressure (d) of fluid inclusions in the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit

Fig.9 Laser Raman spectrum of fluid inclusions in the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit

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