Confirmation and metallogenesis of the Neoproterozoic rift in the western section of the northern margin of the North China Craton

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.3.30

Abstract

Abstract:

The Langshan-Zha'ertaishan metallogenic belt, consisting of the Tanyaokou, Huogeqi, Dongshengmiao and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulphide deposits hosted in the Proterozoic Zha'ertaishan Group, is an important hydrothermal mineralization belt of the Proterozoic passive continental margin in an extensional structural regime in the western section of the northern margin of the North China Craton. Most areas of the mineralization belt distribute in the Langshan Mountain district. Three of the four typical deposits, the Huogeqi, Dongshengmiao and Tanyaokou deposits, occur in this region. It becomes an important scientific issue whether all the Mesoproterozoic Zha'ertaishan Group in the Langshan Mountain's core area and the three deposits hosted in the Zha'ertanshan Group be re-classified as the Neoproterozoic, after the 2010 discovery of acidic volcanic rocks with zircon ages of 816-805 Ma in the southwestern Langshan Mountain. Evidence includes (1) the minimum detrital zircon age of 1155 Ma for the meta-sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian strata with calcite marble from southern Langshan Mountain, (2) the detrital zircon age peaks at 1862-1762 (youngest age 1732 Ma) and 2448 Ma for the Liuhongwan Formation of the Zha'ertaishan Group with dolomate marble in the Tanyaokou district, (3) the occurrence of Neoproterozoic (887.4±9.1 Ma) meta-mafic volcanic rocks in the host formation of the Langshan Group in the north side of the Langshan Mountain, and (4) the “interbedding” of siliceous bands containing barite and microcrystal feldspar with pyrites, sometimes sphalerites and pyrrhotite and galena, with δ³⁴S values of these four sulfide minerals varying between 17.60‰ and 21.97‰ and showing the characteristics of hydrothermal exhalation. Based on the evidence, we suggest the following: (1) the Zha'ertaishan Group hosting dolomite marble in the Tanyaokou district, and the Precambrian strata (formerly called the Zha'ertaishan Group) hosting acidic volcanic rocks and calcite marbles in southwest Langshan, were deposited in two different rift basins; (2) the Mesoproterozoic rifts and hydrothermal metallogenic systems in the south side of the Langshan Mountain developed the Tanyaokou and Dongshengmiao deposits in the Mesoproterozoic Zha'ertaishan Group; and (3) the Neoproterozoic rift and hydrothermal metallogenic system in the north side of the Langshan Mountain developed the Huogeqi orefield in the Neoproterozoic Langshan Group. The Huogeqi deposit hosted in the Neoproterozoic Langshan Group obviously appears to be a transitional type of mineral deposits between the SEDEX and VMS types with a bias towards SEDEX type.

Key words: Mesoproterozoic rift, Neoproterozoic rift, the western section of the northern margin of the North China Craton, Langshan, Inner Mongolia

CLC Number:

PENG Runmin, WANG Jianping. Confirmation and metallogenesis of the Neoproterozoic rift in the western section of the northern margin of the North China Craton[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(2): 420-441.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 (a) Tectonic sketch map and (b) distribution of typical deposits in the western section of the northern margin of the North China Craton

Fig.2 Integrated stratigraphic column of the Tanyaokou district, Langshan, Inner Mongolia

Fig.3 (a) Field outcrop of quartzite with meta-bedding and (b) micrograph of quartzite sample 17T3 from the Liuhongwan Formation of the Zha'ertaishan Group in the Tanyaokou district

Fig.4 Cathodoluminescence images of detrital zircon grains from the Liuhongwan Formation of the Zha'ertaishan Group in the Tanyaokou deposit

Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of quartzite from Liuhongwan Formation of Zha'ertaishan Group in the Tanyaokou deposit,Langshan,Inner Mongolia

测点	w_B/10^-6		Th/U	同位素比值及误差						同位素年龄及误差/Ma						不谐和度 /%
测点	Th	U	Th/U	$207 Pb 206 Pb$	1σ	$207 Pb 235 U$	1σ	$206 Pb 238 U$	1σ	$207 Pb 206 Pb$	1σ	$207 Pb 235 U$	1σ	$206 Pb 238 U$	1σ	不谐和度 /%
A01	97	178	0.55	0.159 2	0.003 1	10.445 9	0.113 2	0.475 8	0.005 3	2 447	32	2 475	10	2 509	23	3
A02	108	152	0.71	0.163 5	0.003 2	10.906 7	0.118 5	0.483 5	0.005 4	2 493	32	2 515	10	2 543	23	2
A03	79	168	0.47	0.109 5	0.002 1	5.356 0	0.060 0	0.354 7	0.003 9	1 791	35	1 878	10	1 957	19	9
A04	104	104	1.01	0.121 0	0.002 4	6.522 3	0.073 2	0.390 8	0.004 4	1 971	35	2 049	10	2 126	20	8
A05	33	120	0.28	0.115 7	0.002 3	5.813 0	0.065 0	0.364 3	0.004 0	1 891	35	1 948	10	2 003	19	6
A06	141	300	0.47	0.107 7	0.002 1	4.801 8	0.052 2	0.323 4	0.003 6	1 760	35	1 785	9	1 807	17	3
A07	114	405	0.28	0.107 3	0.002 1	5.203 9	0.055 4	0.351 8	0.003 9	1 753	35	1 853	9	1 943	18	11
A08	159	348	0.46	0.114 3	0.002 2	6.068 2	0.064 5	0.385 1	0.004 2	1 868	34	1 986	9	2 100	20	12
A09	35	106	0.33	0.106 5	0.002 1	4.943 3	0.056 6	0.336 8	0.003 8	1 740	36	1 810	10	1 871	18	8
A10	219	246	0.89	0.108 1	0.002 1	4.869 1	0.052 7	0.326 8	0.003 6	1 767	35	1 797	9	1 823	17	3
A11	202	241	0.84	0.106 9	0.002 1	5.204 4	0.055 9	0.353 1	0.003 9	1 748	35	1 853	9	1 949	18	12
A12	57	116	0.49	0.162 6	0.003 1	9.825 3	0.106 7	0.438 4	0.004 8	2 483	32	2 419	10	2 343	22	-6
A13	47	333	0.14	0.152 9	0.002 9	9.646 3	0.101 1	0.457 6	0.005 0	2 379	32	2 402	10	2 429	22	2
A14	46	110	0.42	0.166 6	0.003 2	11.364 9	0.123 9	0.494 8	0.005 5	2 524	32	2 554	10	2 592	24	3
A15	109	975	0.11	0.106 7	0.002 0	4.865 1	0.051 1	0.330 8	0.003 6	1 744	35	1 796	9	1 842	17	6
A16	318	224	1.42	0.151 8	0.002 9	8.915 8	0.094 1	0.426 1	0.004 7	2 366	32	2 329	10	2 288	21	-3
A17	111	110	1.02	0.156 7	0.003 0	10.250 7	0.110 3	0.474 7	0.005 2	2 420	32	2 458	10	2 504	23	3
A18	357	259	1.38	0.106 7	0.002 0	5.226 4	0.055 4	0.355 3	0.003 9	1 744	35	1 857	9	1 960	18	12
A19	61	83	0.74	0.106 0	0.002 1	5.028 5	0.056 8	0.344 1	0.003 8	1 732	35	1 824	10	1 907	18	10
A20	154	496	0.31	0.107 1	0.002 0	5.150 7	0.053 5	0.348 8	0.003 8	1 751	34	1 845	9	1 929	18	10
A21	135	205	0.66	0.107 5	0.002 1	5.063 2	0.053 8	0.341 8	0.003 7	1 757	35	1 830	9	1 895	18	8
A22	56	98	0.57	0.126 6	0.002 4	6.981 7	0.075 9	0.400 0	0.004 4	2 052	34	2 109	10	2 169	20	6
A23	49	1 084	0.04	0.103 7	0.002 0	3.718 5	0.038 2	0.260 0	0.002 8	1 692	34	1 575	8	1 490	14	-12
A24	410	524	0.78	0.150 0	0.002 8	8.953 3	0.091 9	0.433 0	0.004 7	2 346	32	2 333	9	2 319	21	-1
A25	42	252	0.17	0.107 1	0.002 0	5.091 7	0.053 3	0.344 8	0.003 7	1 751	34	1 835	9	1 910	18	9
C1	271	644	0.42	0.112 5	0.002 2	5.577 3	0.060 0	0.359 4	0.003 9	1 841	35	1 913	9	1 979	19	8
C2	234	465	0.50	0.108 9	0.002 1	5.157 1	0.055 8	0.343 6	0.003 8	1 780	35	1 846	9	1 904	18	7
C3	267	952	0.28	0.109 6	0.002 2	5.156 5	0.055 4	0.341 2	0.003 7	1 793	35	1 846	9	1 892	18	6
C4	374	278	1.34	0.161 0	0.003 2	10.398 0	0.112 8	0.468 2	0.005 1	2 467	33	2 471	10	2 476	23	0
C5	61	726	0.08	0.109 8	0.002 2	5.274 1	0.056 9	0.348 3	0.003 8	1 796	35	1 865	9	1 926	18	7
C6	698	840	0.83	0.108 4	0.002 1	4.739 0	0.051 1	0.317 0	0.003 5	1 773	35	1 774	9	1 775	17	0
C7	165	862	0.19	0.156 8	0.003 1	10.503 9	0.112 8	0.485 8	0.005 3	2 421	33	2 480	10	2 553	23	5
C8	230	639	0.36	0.114 8	0.002 3	5.762 7	0.062 5	0.363 9	0.004 0	1 877	35	1 941	9	2 001	19	7
C9	117	633	0.18	0.114 8	0.002 3	5.798 5	0.062 9	0.366 4	0.004 0	1 876	35	1 946	9	2 012	19	7
C10	245	597	0.41	0.110 9	0.002 2	5.358 8	0.058 3	0.350 4	0.003 8	1 814	35	1 878	9	1 937	18	7
C11	98	572	0.17	0.113 7	0.002 3	5.415 4	0.059 0	0.345 5	0.003 8	1 859	35	1 887	9	1 913	18	3
C12	61	212	0.29	0.110 5	0.002 2	5.386 8	0.060 5	0.353 4	0.003 9	1 808	36	1 883	10	1 951	19	8
C13	61	362	0.17	0.111 9	0.002 2	5.548 4	0.061 0	0.359 7	0.003 9	1 830	36	1 908	9	1 981	19	8
C14	174	381	0.46	0.112 2	0.002 2	5.418 5	0.059 7	0.350 4	0.003 8	1 835	36	1 888	9	1 936	18	6
C15	227	516	0.44	0.110 7	0.002 2	5.163 4	0.056 6	0.338 3	0.003 7	1 811	36	1 847	9	1 879	18	4
C16	78	121	0.64	0.115 9	0.002 3	5.610 2	0.064 5	0.351 1	0.003 9	1 894	36	1 918	10	1 940	19	2
C17	217	545	0.40	0.111 3	0.002 2	5.447 5	0.059 8	0.355 0	0.003 9	1 820	36	1 892	9	1 959	19	8
C18	189	358	0.53	0.111 0	0.002 2	5.372 6	0.059 6	0.350 9	0.003 9	1 816	36	1 881	9	1 939	18	7
C19	103	620	0.17	0.110 9	0.002 2	5.221 0	0.057 3	0.341 5	0.003 7	1 814	36	1 856	9	1 894	18	4
C20	129	691	0.19	0.108 3	0.002 1	5.320 1	0.058 0	0.356 2	0.003 9	1 770	35	1 872	9	1 964	19	11
C21	94	358	0.26	0.111 4	0.002 2	5.360 1	0.058 3	0.348 8	0.003 9	1 822	35	1 879	9	1 929	18	6
C22	439	457	0.96	0.157 9	0.003 1	10.136 0	0.111 0	0.465 5	0.005 2	2 433	33	2 447	10	2 464	23	1
C23	347	456	0.76	0.156 9	0.003 0	10.062 3	0.108 5	0.464 9	0.005 1	2 422	33	2 441	10	2 461	23	2
C24	257	706	0.36	0.108 5	0.002 1	5.186 6	0.055 6	0.346 4	0.003 8	1 775	35	1 850	9	1 918	18	8
C25	174	600	0.29	0.107 9	0.002 1	5.378 2	0.057 8	0.361 5	0.004 0	1 764	35	1 881	9	1 989	19	13

Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of quartzite from Liuhongwan Formation of Zha'ertaishan Group in the Tanyaokou deposit,Langshan,Inner Mongolia

测点	w_B/10^-6		Th/U	同位素比值及误差						同位素年龄及误差/Ma						不谐和度 /%
测点	Th	U	Th/U	$207 Pb 206 Pb$	1σ	$207 Pb 235 U$	1σ	$206 Pb 238 U$	1σ	$207 Pb 206 Pb$	1σ	$207 Pb 235 U$	1σ	$206 Pb 238 U$	1σ	不谐和度 /%
A01	97	178	0.55	0.159 2	0.003 1	10.445 9	0.113 2	0.475 8	0.005 3	2 447	32	2 475	10	2 509	23	3
A02	108	152	0.71	0.163 5	0.003 2	10.906 7	0.118 5	0.483 5	0.005 4	2 493	32	2 515	10	2 543	23	2
A03	79	168	0.47	0.109 5	0.002 1	5.356 0	0.060 0	0.354 7	0.003 9	1 791	35	1 878	10	1 957	19	9
A04	104	104	1.01	0.121 0	0.002 4	6.522 3	0.073 2	0.390 8	0.004 4	1 971	35	2 049	10	2 126	20	8
A05	33	120	0.28	0.115 7	0.002 3	5.813 0	0.065 0	0.364 3	0.004 0	1 891	35	1 948	10	2 003	19	6
A06	141	300	0.47	0.107 7	0.002 1	4.801 8	0.052 2	0.323 4	0.003 6	1 760	35	1 785	9	1 807	17	3
A07	114	405	0.28	0.107 3	0.002 1	5.203 9	0.055 4	0.351 8	0.003 9	1 753	35	1 853	9	1 943	18	11
A08	159	348	0.46	0.114 3	0.002 2	6.068 2	0.064 5	0.385 1	0.004 2	1 868	34	1 986	9	2 100	20	12
A09	35	106	0.33	0.106 5	0.002 1	4.943 3	0.056 6	0.336 8	0.003 8	1 740	36	1 810	10	1 871	18	8
A10	219	246	0.89	0.108 1	0.002 1	4.869 1	0.052 7	0.326 8	0.003 6	1 767	35	1 797	9	1 823	17	3
A11	202	241	0.84	0.106 9	0.002 1	5.204 4	0.055 9	0.353 1	0.003 9	1 748	35	1 853	9	1 949	18	12
A12	57	116	0.49	0.162 6	0.003 1	9.825 3	0.106 7	0.438 4	0.004 8	2 483	32	2 419	10	2 343	22	-6
A13	47	333	0.14	0.152 9	0.002 9	9.646 3	0.101 1	0.457 6	0.005 0	2 379	32	2 402	10	2 429	22	2
A14	46	110	0.42	0.166 6	0.003 2	11.364 9	0.123 9	0.494 8	0.005 5	2 524	32	2 554	10	2 592	24	3
A15	109	975	0.11	0.106 7	0.002 0	4.865 1	0.051 1	0.330 8	0.003 6	1 744	35	1 796	9	1 842	17	6
A16	318	224	1.42	0.151 8	0.002 9	8.915 8	0.094 1	0.426 1	0.004 7	2 366	32	2 329	10	2 288	21	-3
A17	111	110	1.02	0.156 7	0.003 0	10.250 7	0.110 3	0.474 7	0.005 2	2 420	32	2 458	10	2 504	23	3
A18	357	259	1.38	0.106 7	0.002 0	5.226 4	0.055 4	0.355 3	0.003 9	1 744	35	1 857	9	1 960	18	12
A19	61	83	0.74	0.106 0	0.002 1	5.028 5	0.056 8	0.344 1	0.003 8	1 732	35	1 824	10	1 907	18	10
A20	154	496	0.31	0.107 1	0.002 0	5.150 7	0.053 5	0.348 8	0.003 8	1 751	34	1 845	9	1 929	18	10
A21	135	205	0.66	0.107 5	0.002 1	5.063 2	0.053 8	0.341 8	0.003 7	1 757	35	1 830	9	1 895	18	8
A22	56	98	0.57	0.126 6	0.002 4	6.981 7	0.075 9	0.400 0	0.004 4	2 052	34	2 109	10	2 169	20	6
A23	49	1 084	0.04	0.103 7	0.002 0	3.718 5	0.038 2	0.260 0	0.002 8	1 692	34	1 575	8	1 490	14	-12
A24	410	524	0.78	0.150 0	0.002 8	8.953 3	0.091 9	0.433 0	0.004 7	2 346	32	2 333	9	2 319	21	-1
A25	42	252	0.17	0.107 1	0.002 0	5.091 7	0.053 3	0.344 8	0.003 7	1 751	34	1 835	9	1 910	18	9
C1	271	644	0.42	0.112 5	0.002 2	5.577 3	0.060 0	0.359 4	0.003 9	1 841	35	1 913	9	1 979	19	8
C2	234	465	0.50	0.108 9	0.002 1	5.157 1	0.055 8	0.343 6	0.003 8	1 780	35	1 846	9	1 904	18	7
C3	267	952	0.28	0.109 6	0.002 2	5.156 5	0.055 4	0.341 2	0.003 7	1 793	35	1 846	9	1 892	18	6
C4	374	278	1.34	0.161 0	0.003 2	10.398 0	0.112 8	0.468 2	0.005 1	2 467	33	2 471	10	2 476	23	0
C5	61	726	0.08	0.109 8	0.002 2	5.274 1	0.056 9	0.348 3	0.003 8	1 796	35	1 865	9	1 926	18	7
C6	698	840	0.83	0.108 4	0.002 1	4.739 0	0.051 1	0.317 0	0.003 5	1 773	35	1 774	9	1 775	17	0
C7	165	862	0.19	0.156 8	0.003 1	10.503 9	0.112 8	0.485 8	0.005 3	2 421	33	2 480	10	2 553	23	5
C8	230	639	0.36	0.114 8	0.002 3	5.762 7	0.062 5	0.363 9	0.004 0	1 877	35	1 941	9	2 001	19	7
C9	117	633	0.18	0.114 8	0.002 3	5.798 5	0.062 9	0.366 4	0.004 0	1 876	35	1 946	9	2 012	19	7
C10	245	597	0.41	0.110 9	0.002 2	5.358 8	0.058 3	0.350 4	0.003 8	1 814	35	1 878	9	1 937	18	7
C11	98	572	0.17	0.113 7	0.002 3	5.415 4	0.059 0	0.345 5	0.003 8	1 859	35	1 887	9	1 913	18	3
C12	61	212	0.29	0.110 5	0.002 2	5.386 8	0.060 5	0.353 4	0.003 9	1 808	36	1 883	10	1 951	19	8
C13	61	362	0.17	0.111 9	0.002 2	5.548 4	0.061 0	0.359 7	0.003 9	1 830	36	1 908	9	1 981	19	8
C14	174	381	0.46	0.112 2	0.002 2	5.418 5	0.059 7	0.350 4	0.003 8	1 835	36	1 888	9	1 936	18	6
C15	227	516	0.44	0.110 7	0.002 2	5.163 4	0.056 6	0.338 3	0.003 7	1 811	36	1 847	9	1 879	18	4
C16	78	121	0.64	0.115 9	0.002 3	5.610 2	0.064 5	0.351 1	0.003 9	1 894	36	1 918	10	1 940	19	2
C17	217	545	0.40	0.111 3	0.002 2	5.447 5	0.059 8	0.355 0	0.003 9	1 820	36	1 892	9	1 959	19	8
C18	189	358	0.53	0.111 0	0.002 2	5.372 6	0.059 6	0.350 9	0.003 9	1 816	36	1 881	9	1 939	18	7
C19	103	620	0.17	0.110 9	0.002 2	5.221 0	0.057 3	0.341 5	0.003 7	1 814	36	1 856	9	1 894	18	4
C20	129	691	0.19	0.108 3	0.002 1	5.320 1	0.058 0	0.356 2	0.003 9	1 770	35	1 872	9	1 964	19	11
C21	94	358	0.26	0.111 4	0.002 2	5.360 1	0.058 3	0.348 8	0.003 9	1 822	35	1 879	9	1 929	18	6
C22	439	457	0.96	0.157 9	0.003 1	10.136 0	0.111 0	0.465 5	0.005 2	2 433	33	2 447	10	2 464	23	1
C23	347	456	0.76	0.156 9	0.003 0	10.062 3	0.108 5	0.464 9	0.005 1	2 422	33	2 441	10	2 461	23	2
C24	257	706	0.36	0.108 5	0.002 1	5.186 6	0.055 6	0.346 4	0.003 8	1 775	35	1 850	9	1 918	18	8
C25	174	600	0.29	0.107 9	0.002 1	5.378 2	0.057 8	0.361 5	0.004 0	1 764	35	1 881	9	1 989	19	13

Fig.5 Comparison of detrital zircon U-Pb age patterns among the Liuhongwan Formations in the Tanyaokou, Zha'ertaishan (adapted from [30]) and southwestern Langshan (adapted from [29]) districts

Fig.6 Photographs(a,b) and micrograph(c) of drill core of the dolomite marble in Tanyaokou district, and outcrop(d) and micrograph(e) of the calcite marble in the southwest area of the Langshan, Inner Mongolia

Table 2 Major element compositions for the calcite marble in the southwest of Langshan

序号	w_B/%
序号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O		P₂O₅	CO₂	烧失量	合计
1	4.39	0.06	1.41	0.64	0.26	0.23	1.6	49.54	0.36	0.33		0.06	40.44	0.13	99.45

Fig.7 Integrated stratigraphic column of the Huogeqi orefield, Langshan, Inner Mongolia

Fig.8 (a) Photomicrographs of meta-mafic volcanic rocks and (b) concordia plots of U-Pb isotopic data for zircons (adapted from [51]) from the Huogeqi orefield

Fig.9 Distribution patterns of Meso-Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins and tectonics in the Langshan-Zha'ertaishan area. Modified from [53].

Fig.10 Geological map of the Huogeqi orefield. Modified from [54].

Fig.11 Cross section of prospecting Line 13 in the No.1 deposit in the Huogeqi orefield (see Fig.10 for location). Modified from [54].

Fig.12 Polished thin section (A) and photomicrographs (B-E) of Cu ore in the Huogeqi orefield.Photomicrographs A: laminated structure of Cu ore; B&D: under reflected polarized light; C: under cross polarized light; E: under plane-polarized light. Ccp-chalcopyrite.

Table 3 Major element compositions for the siliceous bands with barite and microcrystal feldspar in the Huogeqi orefield

序号	w_B/%
序号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	BaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	合计
Ⅰ	51.99	1.36	24.4	1.59	0.043	1.42	3.38	0.10	0.452	10.74	0.789	3.28	99.53
Ⅱ	51.58	1.22	22.64	2.33	0.111	1.53	5.05	0.15	0.526	9.26	0.255	3.94	98.59
Ⅲ	48.31	1.7	11.86	2.62	<0.004	0.313	3.34	15.13	0.17	0.37	1.52	2.78	88.84
Ⅳ	50.89	1.9	12.37	1.7	<0.004	0.236	0.95	26.16	0.16	0.38	0.4001	1.51	97.07

Fig.13 Photographs of hand specimens (A) and photomicrographs under reflected polarized light (B,C) of zinc and lead ore in the Huogeqi ore field. Hand specimens show siliceous rocks interbedded with sphalerite and galena and pyrrhotite. Labels: Sp-sphelarite; Ga-galena; Po-pyrrhotite.

Fig.14 Photographs of polished thin section showing δ34S values and locations of pyrrhotite and sphalerite in the Huogeqi copper-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit

Fig.15 Photographs of polished thin section showing δ34S values and locations of pyrite, sphalerite as well as galena in the Huogeqi copper-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit

Fig.16 Photos of drill core (A), thin polished sections (B,C,D) and fluid inclusions (E,F) of Cu ore in the Huogeqi orefield

Fig.17 Raman spectra of fluid inclusions in the Huogeqi orefield

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