High-resolution spatial distributions of diatoms in surface sediments and their correlations with environmental factors in the central and northern South China Sea

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.11

Abstract

Abstract:

To map the present distribution of sedimentary diatoms, a new data set on the relative abundance of diatom species preserved in 1266 surface sediment samples is generated, which covers the environmental factor characteristic of the central and northern parts of South China Sea (SCS) between 12° and 24°N. The biogeographic distribution patterns of as well as the preferences for environmental variables for 19 diatom species are documented. The relative abundance patterns of the major diatom species were statistically compared with six environmental variables, namely the annual sea surface temperature and salinity, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of three surface nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silicate). Pearson correlation and redundancy analyses indicated that species correlated so strongly with the environmental factors that six diatom assemblages could be established. Among which, the Paralia sulcata-Actinoptychus undulatus and Cyclotella stylorum-Cyclotella striata-Actinoptychus splendens-Coscinodiscus decrescens assemblages, located on the east and west sides of the Pearl River Estuary on the northern continental shelf of the SCS, respectively, are related to freshwater inputs from the Pearl River and Guangdong coastal current and Kuroshio intrusion. The Cyclotella striata-Paralia sulcate assemblage off the coast of Vietnam is related to the western boundary current of the SCS. The Nitzschia marina-Rhizosolenia bergonii-Azpeitia africana-Chaetoceros messanensis-Fragilariopsis doliolus assemblage in the northeastern SCS is significantly influenced by the Kuroshio intrusion and the SCS warm current and northern slope current. The Azpeitia nodulifera-Nitzschia marina-Hemidiscus cuneiformis and Azpeitia nodulifera-Nitzschia marina-Thalassionema nitzschioides-Cyclotella striata assemblages located on the Xisha Islands and in the SCS deep-water basin, respectively, correlate strongly with the sea surface temperature pattern. Some biological and sedimentological factors may cause stronger effects on diatom distribution, and may mask the influences of environmental variables.

Key words: central and northern South China Sea, diatom, environmental variables, surface sediment

CLC Number:

LI Shun, WU Cong, CHEN Chixin, JING Xia, LI Xuejie, CAI Guanqiang, ZHONG Hexian, ZHANG Jiangyong, LI Bo, ZHANG Jinpeng. High-resolution spatial distributions of diatoms in surface sediments and their correlations with environmental factors in the central and northern South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(6): 241-254.

Figures/Tables 9

References 54

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种名	缩写	百分含量区间/%	平均含量/%	生态习性
Azpeitia nodulifera	Anodu	0~100.00	30.66	热带浮游远洋种^{[24-25,29-30,38-40,42-44]}
Nitzschia marina	Nmari	0~100.00	7.11	热带浮游远洋种^{[24-25,29,38,40,42-44]}
Hemidiscus cuneiformis	Hcune	0~25.00	2.19	热带浮游远洋种^[29,38,42]
Azpeitia africana	Aafri	0~13.01	1.30	热带浮游远洋种^{[25,29,38,42-44]}
Rhizosolenia bergonii	Rberg	0~16.67	1.19	热带暖水浮游远洋种^{[24-25,38-39,41-44]}
Chaetoceros messanensis	Cmess	0~84.85	3.28	热带-亚热带暖水远洋种^[40,42]
Fragilariopsis doliolus	Fdoli	0~9.09	0.55	热带-亚热带暖水远洋种^{[24-25,38,42-44]}
Roperia tesselata	Rtess	0~7.69	0.51	热带-亚热带暖水远洋种^{[25,29,38,43-44]}
Thalassionema nitzschioides	Tnitz	0~40.52	3.90	广温广布浮游种^{[25,29,37-40,42-44]}
Thalassiosira eccentrica	Tecce	0~33.33	2.17	广温广布型种^[29,43]
Cyclotella striata	Cstri	0~100.00	14.34	温水半咸水潮间带种或沿岸种^{[24-26,29-30,38-44]}
Paralia sulcata	Psulc	0~85.11	7.41	广温咸水-半咸水底栖浅海种^{[26,29-30,37,39,41-44]}
Cyclotella stylorum	Cstyl	0~25.40	3.01	暖水-温水、咸水-半咸水潮间带或沿岸种^{[24-26,29-30,37,39-44]}
Coscinodiscus radiatus	Cradi	0~20.83	1.33	广温浮游种^[26,29]
Actinoptychus undulatus	Aundu	0~25.00	1.12	温水半咸水近岸底栖种^{[26,30,39,44]}
Coscinodiscus decrescens	Cdecr	0~20.70	1.08	暖水底栖种^[26,29,42]
Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis	Cocul	0~12.04	0.55	广温近岸种^[42,43]
Actinocyclus octonarius	Aocto	0~53.03	1.20	广温半咸水近岸底栖种^[29,42-44]
Actinoptychus splendens	Asple	0~18.42	0.66	北亚热带近岸底栖种或潮间带种^[26,39]

种名	缩写	百分含量区间/%	平均含量/%	生态习性
Azpeitia nodulifera	Anodu	0~100.00	30.66	热带浮游远洋种^{[24-25,29-30,38-40,42-44]}
Nitzschia marina	Nmari	0~100.00	7.11	热带浮游远洋种^{[24-25,29,38,40,42-44]}
Hemidiscus cuneiformis	Hcune	0~25.00	2.19	热带浮游远洋种^[29,38,42]
Azpeitia africana	Aafri	0~13.01	1.30	热带浮游远洋种^{[25,29,38,42-44]}
Rhizosolenia bergonii	Rberg	0~16.67	1.19	热带暖水浮游远洋种^{[24-25,38-39,41-44]}
Chaetoceros messanensis	Cmess	0~84.85	3.28	热带-亚热带暖水远洋种^[40,42]
Fragilariopsis doliolus	Fdoli	0~9.09	0.55	热带-亚热带暖水远洋种^{[24-25,38,42-44]}
Roperia tesselata	Rtess	0~7.69	0.51	热带-亚热带暖水远洋种^{[25,29,38,43-44]}
Thalassionema nitzschioides	Tnitz	0~40.52	3.90	广温广布浮游种^{[25,29,37-40,42-44]}
Thalassiosira eccentrica	Tecce	0~33.33	2.17	广温广布型种^[29,43]
Cyclotella striata	Cstri	0~100.00	14.34	温水半咸水潮间带种或沿岸种^{[24-26,29-30,38-44]}
Paralia sulcata	Psulc	0~85.11	7.41	广温咸水-半咸水底栖浅海种^{[26,29-30,37,39,41-44]}
Cyclotella stylorum	Cstyl	0~25.40	3.01	暖水-温水、咸水-半咸水潮间带或沿岸种^{[24-26,29-30,37,39-44]}
Coscinodiscus radiatus	Cradi	0~20.83	1.33	广温浮游种^[26,29]
Actinoptychus undulatus	Aundu	0~25.00	1.12	温水半咸水近岸底栖种^{[26,30,39,44]}
Coscinodiscus decrescens	Cdecr	0~20.70	1.08	暖水底栖种^[26,29,42]
Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis	Cocul	0~12.04	0.55	广温近岸种^[42,43]
Actinocyclus octonarius	Aocto	0~53.03	1.20	广温半咸水近岸底栖种^[29,42-44]
Actinoptychus splendens	Asple	0~18.42	0.66	北亚热带近岸底栖种或潮间带种^[26,39]

参数	各轴的参数值				总方差
参数	1	2	3	4	总方差
特征值	0.190	0.052	0.037	0.009		1.000
硅藻种-环境因子相关系数	0.800	0.703	0.616	0.394
累积百分比差异
硅藻种数据	19.00	24.20	27.90	28.80
硅藻种-环境因子关系	64.40	82.10	94.70	97.80

参数	各轴的参数值				总方差
参数	1	2	3	4	总方差
特征值	0.190	0.052	0.037	0.009		1.000
硅藻种-环境因子相关系数	0.800	0.703	0.616	0.394
累积百分比差异
硅藻种数据	19.00	24.20	27.90	28.80
硅藻种-环境因子关系	64.40	82.10	94.70	97.80

环境因子	RDA分析的相关系数
环境因子	第一轴	第二轴
表层海水温度	-0.844 3	-0.334 6
盐度	-0.376 4	0.396 6
溶解氧浓度	0.767 4	0.053 8
磷酸盐浓度	0.308 5	0.139 5
硝酸盐浓度	0.293 5	0.866 6
硅酸盐浓度	0.499 3	-0.223 5