地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 457-472.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.5.28

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壳-幔混源氦气成因机制与富集因素:以松辽盆地深层天然气中氦气为例

陈悦1(), 陶士振1,*(), 杨怡青1, 刘祥柏1, 罗霞1, 王颖2, 刘国东2, 陈燕燕1, 高建荣1, 李春柏3, 付丽3, 王磊3   

  1. 1.中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    2.吉林油田有限责任公司 勘探开发研究院, 吉林 松原 138000
    3.大庆油田有限责任公司 勘探开发研究院, 黑龙江 大庆 163712
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-08 修回日期:2024-02-22 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-12
  • 通信作者: 陶士振
  • 作者简介:陈 悦(1999—),女,博士研究生,主要从事非常规油气和氦气地质研究与评价工作。E-mail: cyue173@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气集团有限公司关键核心技术攻关项目(2021ZG13)

Genesis mechanisms and enrichment factors of crust-mantle mixed source helium: Taking helium in deep natural gas in the Songliao Basin as an example

CHEN Yue1(), TAO Shizhen1,*(), YANG Yiqing1, LIU Xiangbai1, LUO Xia1, WANG Ying2, LIU Guodong2, CHEN Yanyan1, GAO Jianrong1, LI Chunbai3, FU Li3, WANG Lei3   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Jilin Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Songyuan 138000, China
    3. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Daqing 163712, China
  • Received:2024-01-08 Revised:2024-02-22 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-12
  • Contact: TAO Shizhen

摘要:

本文基于中国东部的大地构造动力学背景和成盆、成烃、成藏、共伴生资源形成的特殊地质条件开展研究。以松辽盆地深层徐家围子断陷和长岭断陷天然气为例,分析了中、新生代在太平洋板块俯冲作用下,在古生代褶皱基底上发展起来的大型陆内裂谷盆地,所发育的沟通地幔的深大断裂和岩浆活动,以及沉积盆地基底及盖层中发育的富U、Th岩浆岩。盆地深层天然气及伴生氦气成因及分布异常复杂,天然气载体具有不同程度的有机-无机复合成因特征,存在无机成因烷烃气和CO2气藏(井)。基于前人数据、本文天然气组分和稀有气体同位素测试结果、单井数据资料等综合分析了氦气成因机制和富集因素,结果表明松辽盆地深层气田(藏/井)天然气中的氦气具如下特征:(1)氦气同位素地球化学揭示其具有壳幔混源氦特征,CO2与幔源氦混入比例成正相关揭示了无机成因CO2是幔源氦二次运移的载体气;(2)松辽盆地深层下白垩统营城组和火石岭组发育的火山岩和花岗岩是潜在的氦源岩,氦气主要赋存在下白垩统登库娄组和营城组;(3)断陷内主干断裂附近的天然气井氦气含量高于远离主干断裂的天然气井;(4)泉一、二段泥岩等优质区域性盖层及登库娄组二段、营城组四段以及沙河子组一、二段盖层都为氦气的保存提供了有利条件。本文研究揭示了松辽盆地有机-无机复合成因天然气中壳幔混源氦气的富集因素与分布规律,为寻找和发现氦气富集区提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 氦气富集, 天然气, 有机-无机复合成因, 壳幔混源氦气, 成因机制, 松辽盆地

Abstract:

This study investigates the origin and enrichment of crust-mantle mixed helium in natural gas of organic-inorganic hybrid origin within the Songliao Basin, eastern China. The research is framed within the tectonic dynamics of eastern China and an analysis of the basin’s unique geological conditions for basin formation, hydrocarbon generation, accumulation, and associated resource formation. Focusing on natural gas from the deep Xujiaweizi and Changling faults, we examine large intracontinental rift basins developed on a Paleozoic fold basement during Mesozoic and Cenozoic subduction of the Pacific Plate. These basins feature deep-seated faults and magmatic activities connecting to the mantle, with medium-acidic, U-Th-rich magmatic rocks present in both the basement and sedimentary cover. The origin and distribution of deep natural gas and associated helium are highly complex. Natural gas exhibits varying degrees of organic-inorganic hybrid genetic characteristics, with occurrences of inorganic hydrocarbon gases and CO2 gas reservoirs (or shows in individual wells). Based on comprehensive analysis of previous data, new measurements of natural gas components and noble gas isotopes presented here, and analysis of helium genesis mechanisms and enrichment factors from individual well data, this study demonstrates that the deep gas fields (reservoirs/wells) in the Songliao Basin exhibit the following characteristics: (1) Noble gas isotope geochemistry (3He/4He) reveals characteristics of crust-mantle mixed helium, with CO2 content showing a positive correlation with the proportion of mantle-derived helium, indicating that CO2 acts as the carrier gas for the secondary migration of mantle-derived helium; (2) The volcanic rocks and granites developed in the deep Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation and Huoshiling Formation are potential sources for helium, and helium mainly occurs in the Lower Cretaceous Denglouku Formation and Yingcheng Formation; (3) Natural gas wells proximal to the main faults within the fault depressions exhibit higher helium content than those located distally; (4) The high-quality regional seals of the First and Second Members of the Quantou Formation, as well as the seals of the Second Member of the Denglouku Formation, the Fourth Member of the Yingcheng Formation, and the First and Second Members of the Shahezi Formation, provide favorable seals for helium preservation. This study elucidates the enrichment factors and distribution patterns of crust-mantle mixed helium within natural gas of organic-inorganic hybrid origin in the Songliao Basin, providing theoretical support for the exploration and discovery of helium-enriched areas.

Key words: helium enrichment, natural gas, organic-inorganic hybrid origin, crust-mantle mixed helium, genesis mechanisms, Songliao Basin

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