神狐海域细粒沉积物水合物储层的地球物理特征研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.50

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 126-139.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.50

• 南海北部天然气水合物储层沉积特征与运聚体系 • 上一篇下一篇

神狐海域细粒沉积物水合物储层的地球物理特征研究

姬梦飞¹^,²(), 王吉亮¹^,^*(), 王伟巍³, 张杰城⁴, 刘雪芹⁵^,⁶, 吴时国¹

1.中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所, 海南三亚 572000
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.广州海洋地质调查局, 广东广州511458
4.中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249
5.哈尔滨工程大学, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
6.青岛哈尔滨工程大学创新发展中心, 山东青岛 266000

收稿日期:2024-06-15 修回日期:2024-11-08 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-25
通信作者: *王吉亮(1986—),男,副研究员,主要从事海洋地球物理探测、天然气水合物与海底流体活动系统以及海底浅部地质过程研究。E-mail:wangjl@idsse.ac.cn
作者简介:姬梦飞(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事多道地震数据处理和天然气水合物储层反演。E-mail:jimf@idsse.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC28064001);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(422RC747);国家自然科学基金项目(42106070)

Geophysical characterization of gas hydrate reservoir in fine-grained sediment in Shenhu area

JI Mengfei¹^,²(), WANG Jiliang¹^,^*(), WANG Weiwei³, ZHANG Jiecheng⁴, LIU Xueqin⁵^,⁶, WU Shiguo¹

1. Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey, Guangzhou 511458, China
4. China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
5. Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
6. Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China

Received:2024-06-15 Revised:2024-11-08 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海北部神狐海域水合物储层以粉砂质细粒沉积物为主,其饱和度达30%,远高于其他许多地区的细粒水合物储层饱和度。研究该区内细粒沉积物水合物储层特征对于认识水合物富集规律、资源评价和水合物试采开发方案设计均具有重要意义。本研究通过对神狐海域叠前地震数据进行精细处理获得地层速度模型以及角道集数据,进而开展叠前地震反演,获得包括纵横波阻抗、纵横波速度比和泊松比等多弹性参数剖面,结合测井数据对水合物和游离气分布进行精细地球物理描述。通过研究发现:(1)研究区内BSR反射振幅随入射角增大而减弱,BSR在小角度叠加剖面上更易识别;(2)BSR之下发育具有低速异常特征的烟囱构造,可能是深部游离气的向上运移通道;(3)研究区内水合物储层具有较强的横向非均质性,较高饱和度水合物下部一般赋存游离气,表明水合物再循环可能在细粒沉积中的水合物富集起到重要作用。

关键词: 天然气水合物, 地震成像, 叠前地震反演, 储层刻画

Abstract:

The gas hydrate reservoir in the Shenhu area of the northern South China Sea is primarily composed of fine-grained sediments with a saturation as high as 30%, which is significantly higher than other reservoirs worldwide. Studying the characteristics of fine-grained reservoirs in this area is crucial for understanding the mechanism of hydrate accumulation, resource evaluation, and the design of hydrate trial production and development strategies. In this study, we conducted detailed processing of multi-channel seismic data in the Shenhu area to obtain velocity models and stacked profiles with different offsets. Subsequently, pre-stack seismic inversion was performed to derive high-resolution elastic parameters, including P-wave and S-wave impedance, P-wave to S-wave velocity ratio, and Poisson’s ratio. These results were combined with well-logging data to provide a refined geophysical description of gas hydrates and free gas in the fine-grained sediment. Our study reveals the following: (1) The amplitude of the BSR (bottom-simulating reflector) decreases as the incident angle increases, making it easier to identify the BSR on near-offset stacked profiles; (2) Chimney structures with low-velocity anomalies develop below the BSR and may serve as pathways for vertical fluid migration; (3) Hydrate reservoirs in the study area exhibit strong horizontal heterogeneity, and free gas is generally present beneath the hydrate with high saturation, suggesting that hydrate recycling may play an important role in hydrate enrichment in fine-grained sediments.

Key words: gas hydrate, seismic imaging, pre-stack seismic inversion, reservoir characterization

中图分类号:

P618

姬梦飞, 王吉亮, 王伟巍, 张杰城, 刘雪芹, 吴时国. 神狐海域细粒沉积物水合物储层的地球物理特征研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 126-139.

JI Mengfei, WANG Jiliang, WANG Weiwei, ZHANG Jiecheng, LIU Xueqin, WU Shiguo. Geophysical characterization of gas hydrate reservoir in fine-grained sediment in Shenhu area[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 126-139.

图/表 12

图1 研究区区域位置图

Fig.1 The location of the study area

图2 地震数据处理流程图

Fig.2 Flows of seismic data processing

图3 CMP3600偏移速度分析图示 100%速度的偏移剖面是根据最初的叠加速度经叠前时间偏移后获得,各不同百分比的偏移剖面是根据不同比例的叠加速度经叠前偏移获得,通过选取最佳的反射同相轴获得该反射界面的偏移速度并在右侧图中用红线表示,层速度用蓝线表示。

Fig.3 Migration velocity analysis for CMP 3600

图4 交互速度分析图 a—速度谱;b—未动校正的CMP道集;c—动校正之后CMP道集。

Fig.4 Interactive velocity analysis a—Velocity spectrum; b—The CMP gather without NMO; c—The CMP gather with NMO.

图5 地震剖面与层速度剖面叠图

Fig.5 The overlap of seismic section and interval velocity section

图6 研究区精细速度分析前后偏移地震剖面对比图 a—精细速度分析前偏移地震剖面;b—精细速度分析后偏移地震剖面。白色短线表示BSR;红色实线标注为断层;蓝色虚线代表气烟囱的大致范围。

Fig.6 Comparison of migrated seismic sections before and after fine velocity analysis in the study area (a) Migrated seismic section without high-resolution velocity model; (b) Migrated seismic section with high-resolution velocity model. The white short lines indicate the BSR, the solid red lines mark the faults, and the dashed blue lines represent the approximate extent of the gas chimney.

图7 分角度叠加剖面 a—0~10°叠加剖面;b—11°~20°叠加剖面;c—21°~30°叠加剖面。

Fig.7 The different angle stack sections (a) 0~10° stack section; (b) 11°~20° stack section;(c) 21°~30° stack section.

图8 SH-02井震标定 a—井旁实际地震道;b—合成地震道集;c—实际地震记录与合成地震记录的互相关谱;d—提取的地震子波。

Fig.8 Well-seismic tie at Site SH-02 (a) The observed seismogram near the well; (b) The synthetic seismogram; (c) The cross-correlation between the real and synthetic seismogram; (d) Extracted seismic wavelet.

图9 反演目标层段及反演结果剖面 a—反演目标层段和井位;b—反演得到的纵波阻抗剖面及井曲线;c—反演得到的横波阻抗剖面及井曲线;d—反演得到的泊松比剖面。

Fig.9 The inversion region and result profiles (a) The target region and well location; (b) P-wave impedance section and well curve; (c) S-wave impedance section and well curve; (d) Poisson ratio section.

图10 水合物储层局部放大地震剖面及多弹性参数剖面图 a—局部放大的地震剖面;b—纵波阻抗;c—泊松比;d—横波阻抗;e—拉梅常数λ与密度乘积;f—拉梅常数μ与密度乘积。白色箭头指示水合物,黑色箭头指示游离气。

Fig.10 Local enlarged seismic profile and multi-elastic parameter profiles of hydrate reservoir: (a) The locally enlarged seismic profile; (b) P-wave impedance; (c) Poisson ratio; (d) S-wave impedance;(e) Lambda*Rho; (f) Mu*Rho. White arrows indicate hydrates, and black arrows indicate free gas.

图11 SH-02井纵横波阻抗曲线散点交会图色标代表电阻率值。

Fig.11 The cross-plot of P-wave and S-wave impedance curves in SH-02. The color bar represents resistivity value.

图12 水合物与游离气分布特征刻画 a—水合物储层纵波阻抗属性及其局部放大图;b—游离气层纵波阻抗属性及其局部放大图。

Fig.12 Characterization of hydrate and free gas distribution:(a) P-wave impedance of hydrate reservoir and its local magnifications;(b) P-wave impedance of free gas reservoir and its local magnifications.

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神狐海域细粒沉积物水合物储层的地球物理特征研究

Geophysical characterization of gas hydrate reservoir in fine-grained sediment in Shenhu area

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