琼东南盆地天然气水合物储层沉积时间及成因机制

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来的钻探已在南海北部琼东南盆地证实了天然气水合物的存在,水合物形成时间无疑是深刻理解水合物成藏过程和分布的关键。本研究首次通过对含水合物钻孔的释光年代学研究,揭示天然气水合物储层的沉积时间,结合水合物分布的层段,约束了天然气水合物形成时间的下限,并进而分析了水合物储层的沉积速率及影响因素,为南海北部水合物勘查提供了坚实地质支撑。研究结果表明,该地区天然气水合物形成于距今65~90 ka,且天然气水合物储层沉积速率受冰期/间冰期海平面波动的控制。间冰期海平面上升,陆源碎屑输入减少,导致沉积速率降低;冰期海平面下降,陆源物质输入增加,沉积速率加快,是琼东南盆地天然气水合物储层形成的主要时期。

关键词: 光释光测年, 天然气水合物储层, 沉积速率, 海平面变化

Abstract:

Recent drilling in the Qiongdongnan Basin, located in the northern South China Sea, has uncovered gas hydrate deposits. Understanding the timing of gas hydrate formation is crucial for deciphering the processes of hydrate accumulation and distribution. This study, for the first time, determines the deposition age of gas hydrate reservoirs by analyzing the sediment chronology of hydrate drilling cores. The lower limit of hydrate formation age is established by combining these findings with the distribution of hydrate intervals. Subsequently, the deposition rate and its influencing factors are analyzed, providing robust geological insights for gas hydrate exploration in the northern South China Sea. The results indicate that gas hydrate formation in this region occurred between 65 and 90 ka. The deposition rate of gas hydrate reservoirs is influenced by sea-level fluctuations during glacial and interglacial periods. During interglacial periods, rising sea levels reduced terrigenous clastic input, leading to a decrease in sedimentation rates. Conversely, the primary formation period of gas hydrate reservoirs in the Qiongdongnan Basin coincided with sea-level drops, increased terrigenous material input, and accelerated sedimentation rates.

Key words: OSL dating, gas hydrate reservoir, deposition rate, sea level changes

中图分类号:

TE38

梁晨, 姜涛, 匡增桂, 胡亦潘, 杨承志, 任金锋, 赖洪飞. 琼东南盆地天然气水合物储层沉积时间及成因机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 140-152.

LIANG Chen, JIANG Tao, KUANG Zenggui, HU Yipan, YANG Chengzhi, REN Jinfeng, LAI Hongfei. Sedimentary time and genesis mechanism of natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 140-152.

图/表 8

图1 琼东南盆地区域地质图及钻孔位置图(底图改编自文献[77])

Fig.1 Location of the Qiongdongnan Basin and drilling location (Basemap was modified after Geomap [77])

图2 W07B钻孔含天然气水合物沉积物特征(a)及气源成因分析结果 (b)(b引自文献[102])

Fig.2 The characteristics of gas hydratebearing sediments (a) and analysis results of gas source genesis in borehole W07B (b); b adapted from [102].

图3 W07B钻孔水合物储层特征图钻井位置如图1所示。

Fig.3 Characteristics of hydrate reservoir of borehole W07B (The drilling location is shown in Figure 1)

表1 琼东南W07B钻孔光释光测年结果

Table 1 Optically stimulated luminescence dating results of the Qiongdongnan borehole W07B

样品编号	埋藏深度/ m	含水率/ %	U含量/ 10^-6	Th含量/ 10^-6	K含量/ %	等效剂量/ Gy	环境剂量率/ (Gy·ka^-1)	释光年龄/ ka
W07B 1H-2b	1.8	85.72	2.35	12.5	2.38	32.3±2.2	2.22±0.06	14.6±1.1
W07B 1H-3b	2.8	84.07	2.52	13.5	2.43	45.1±7.4	2.34±0.06	19.2±3.2
W07B 1H-4b	3.8	87.69	2.54	12.7	2.32	47.3±7.9	2.20±0.06	21.4±3.6
W07B 1H-5b	4.9	75.00	2.32	12.3	2.27	60.7±4.9	2.30±0.06	26.4±2.2
W07B 2H-1b	8.8	79.41	2.45	12.1	2.25	63.2±3.7	2.23±0.06	28.3±1.8
W07B 2H-2b	9.8	81.79	2.52	13.1	2.22	71.8±3.1	2.25±0.06	31.9±1.6
W07B 2H-3b	10.8	73.45	2.46	14.2	2.3	82.5±4.4	2.46±0.06	33.5±2.0
W07B 2H-4b	11.8	78.11	2.45	13.7	2.19	91.4±7.1	2.30±0.06	39.7±3.2
W07B 4H-2c	24.7	77.17	2.51	14.4	2.41	126.8±6.4	2.48±0.06	51.1±2.9
W07B 4H-5b	27.7	80.25	2.31	15	2.52	119.7±8.5	2.49±0.06	48.1±3.6
W07B 7H-2c	45.2	79.19	2.46	14.3	2.59	166.2±11.1	2.53±0.06	65.6±4.7
W07B 7H-5b	47.8	76.57	2.54	13.8	2.32	168.4±7.0	2.42±0.06	69.7±3.4
W07B 11H-3b	70.1	78.39	2.64	12.5	2.19	265.1±10.8	2.27±0.06	116.8±5.6
W07B 11H-4c	72.0	70.26	2.38	13.6	2.39	322.8±4.4	2.52±0.06	128.3±3.6
W07B 13C-1b	80.8	73.50	2.36	12.8	2.41	343.0±5.6	2.43±0.06	141.2±4.2
W07B 13C-4b	83.8	70.58	2.41	12.9	2.18	348.6±8.1	2.36±0.06	147.7±5.0
W07B 15C-2b	102.8	72.40	2.27	11.7	2.12	406.8±2.7	2.21±0.05	184.1±4.6

图4 样品W07B 4H-5b的释光性质图 a—预热坪实验;b—剂量恢复实验。

Fig.4 The luminescence quality of Sample W07B4H5b a—The experiment of preheat plateau; b—The experiment of dose recovery

图5 代表性样品的等效剂量实验结果 a—光释光生长曲线;b—等效剂量正态分布图;c—等效剂量值的雷达图。

Fig.5 Equivalent dose experimental results of representative samples a—The growth curves; b—The histograms of De distribution; c—Radial plots of De values.

图6 年龄-深度模型 a—琼东南W07B钻孔年龄-深度模型;b—光释光与AMS 14C测年结果对比(钻孔位置见图1)。

Fig.6 Age-depth model a—Age-depth model of borehole W07B; b—Comparison of OSL and AMS 14C dating results (The drilling location is shown in Figure 1).

图7 琼东南盆地沉积速率与全球海平面变化趋势图 a—不同深海氧同位素阶段平均沉积速率;b—全球相对海平面变化曲线

Fig.7 Sedimentary rate and global sea level change trend in the Qiongdongnan Basin a—Average sedimentation rate at different isotopic stages; b—The global relative sea level change curve.

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