有机分子组成揭示渤海西岸末次盛冰期以来海平面变化对滨海湿地生态演化的影响

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.21

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 320-333.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.21

• 地球系统过程与全球变化 • 上一篇下一篇

有机分子组成揭示渤海西岸末次盛冰期以来海平面变化对滨海湿地生态演化的影响

王鑫宇¹(), 徐海¹^,²^,^*(), 王晶², 杨妍¹, 王福³, 刘丛强¹

1.天津大学地球系统科学学院, 天津 300072
2.贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵州贵阳 550025
3.中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心, 天津 300170

收稿日期:2025-01-09 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-20
通信作者: ^*徐海(1975—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事湖沼环境过程、记录与全球变化研究。E-mail: xuhai@tju.edu.cn
作者简介:王鑫宇(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事有机地球化学研究。E-mail: 1677246138@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42293262)

Organic matter molecular composition reveals the impact of sea level change on the evolution of coastal wetland ecosystem since the Last Glacial Maximum on the west coast of Bohai Sea

WANG Xinyu¹(), XU Hai¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Jing², YANG Yan¹, WANG Fu³, Liu Cong-Qiang¹

1. School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. MOE Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
3. Tianjin Geological Survey Centre, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China

Received:2025-01-09 Revised:2025-02-20 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滨海湿地生态系统是重要的生态系统之一,对环境变化响应敏感。海平面变化会直接影响滨海湿地的物质来源,进而影响湿地生态系统演化。然而,由于可靠地质记录的相对稀缺,长时间尺度海平面变化对滨海湿地生态系统的影响尚未全面澄清。本文旨在从沉积物有机分子组成视角探讨末次盛冰期(约22 000 a BP)以来渤海西岸海平面变化对滨海湿地生态系统演化的影响。本文基于超高分辨率傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)技术分析了渤海西岸沉积物有机分子组成,结果表明末次盛冰期沉积物内源脂肪族化合物占比较高,在海平面较现代海平面平均低约130 m,在渤海西岸滨海湿地不发育情境下该区可能存在局部水系并发育湖沼环境。进入全新世,海平面快速上升,本文岩心的两个海相地层记录了约7 100~6 900 a BP和约6 000~5 650 a BP两次海侵事件;约5 650 a BP以后,海平面相对稳定但缓慢下降,海岸线逐渐后退,形成了6道古海岸线和6期潟湖洼地。本研究表明滨海沉积物有机质CHO组分对海平面变化引起的环境变迁响应灵敏,有机质H/C和O/C的变化趋势指示滨海湿地在约8 050~4 850 a BP经历了陆相—海相—陆相的环境转变。其中约8 050 a BP和约4 850 a BP较高的O/C和较低的H/C表明这两个时期渤海西岸可能发育潟湖洼地,有机质主要来自陆生、半水生植物及土壤微生物活动;约5 700 a BP内源脂肪族化合物占比明显较高,表明滨海湿地转变为海洋环境,有机质主要来源转变为水生藻类和浮游生物。约1 350 a BP内源有机组分占比15.68%,显著高于约8 050 a BP和约4 850 a BP,表明湿地生态演化可能受到较强人类活动的干扰。本文的研究结果为认识海平面变化对滨海湿地生态系统演化的影响提供了新的视角和证据。

关键词: 滨海湿地, 海平面变化, 有机分子组成, 傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱, 生态演化

Abstract:

The coastal wetland ecosystem is one of the important ecosystems and is sensitive to environmental changes. Changes in sea level directly affect the material sources of coastal wetlands, thereby influencing the development of wetland ecosystems. However, the impact of long-term sea level change on coastal wetland ecosystems has not been fully understood due to the lack of reliable geological records. This article aims to explore the impact of Bohai sea level changes on the development of coastal wetland ecosystems since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~22000 a BP) based on sedimentary organic matter (SOM) molecular composition. This article analyzed the SOM molecular composition on the west coast of the Bohai Sea with ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry technology. The results show that the proportion of endogenous aliphatic compounds in the sediments was relatively high during the LGM. The sea level was averagely ~130 m lower than the modern and no wetlands around the modern coast of the Bohai Sea were developed during this period, suggesting that the region may have developed local water systems and lacustrine environments. The sea level rose rapidly since the Holocene. Two marine facies in the core of this article recorded two marine transgression events during ~7100-6900 a BP and ~6000-5650 a BP. The sea level was relatively constant since ~5650 a BP and gradually retreated thereafter, resulting in 6 ancient coastlines and 6 stages of lagoon and depressions. The results suggest that the SOM CHO-component is sensitive to environmental changes induced by sea level change. Variations in H/C and O/C ratios indicate that the coastal wetlands underwent terrestrial-marine-terrestrial transformations from ~8050 to 4850 a BP. The higher O/C and lower H/C ratios during ~8050 a BP and ~4850 a BP indicate that wetlands and lagoon depressions might have developed on the west coast of the Bohai Sea, and changes in the SOM can be mainly ascribed to changes in terrestrial, semi-aquatic vegetation and soil microbial communities. The proportion of endogenous aliphatic compounds was higher during ~5700 a BP, suggesting that coastal wetlands have transformed into marine environments and the SOM sources have shifted to plankton. Endogenous organic components account for 15.68% during ~1350 a BP, significantly higher than those during ~8050 a BP and ~4850 a BP, indicating that the wetland ecological evolution may have been disturbed by strong human activities. This article provides new evidence and perspectives for understanding the impact of sea level change on the development of coastal wetland ecosystems.

Key words: coastal wetland, sea level change, organic molecular composition, FT-ICR MS, ecological evolution

中图分类号:

X142
X171.1

王鑫宇, 徐海, 王晶, 杨妍, 王福, 刘丛强. 有机分子组成揭示渤海西岸末次盛冰期以来海平面变化对滨海湿地生态演化的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(3): 320-333.

WANG Xinyu, XU Hai, WANG Jing, YANG Yan, WANG Fu, Liu Cong-Qiang. Organic matter molecular composition reveals the impact of sea level change on the evolution of coastal wetland ecosystem since the Last Glacial Maximum on the west coast of Bohai Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(3): 320-333.

图/表 10

图1 研究区钻孔点位及全新世海侵最大范围与古海岸线示意图 DC01、QX01和QX03为研究区域三个平行钻孔(据文献[22]);虚线与数据代表古海岸线位置与年龄(据文献[23])。本图下载自国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站(http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn),审图号为GS(2016)1609。

Fig.1 Sketch map of the core locations in the study area, and maximum extent of Holocene marine encroachment and location of palaeoshorelines. DC01, QX01 and QX03 are three parallel cores in the study area (adapted from [22]). The curves and data represent the position of the palaeoshorelines and their ages (adapted from [23]).

图2 QX01孔岩性、取样点位和年代-深度模式图(据文献[8,22,27-28])

Fig.2 Lithology, sampling locations and age-depth relationship of core QX01. Modified after [8,22,27-28].

表1 QX01钻孔5个沉积物有质机分子特征

Table 1 Sedimentary organic matter molecular composition results of 5 samples from core QX01

样品编号	深度/ m	年代/ a BP	分子数	m/z_w	C_w	H_w	O_w	N_w	S_w	H/C_w	O/C_w	N/C_w	S/C_w	DBE_w	KMD_w	AI-mod_w
QX01-1.45	1.45	1 350	4 777	380.05	17.04	20.02	8.93	0.45	0.17	1.18	0.55	0.04	0.01	8.31	0.32	0.24
QX01-5.4	5.4	4 850	2 836	385.23	16.83	18.55	9.70	0.59	0.07	1.11	0.60	0.04	0.004	8.85	0.34	0.28
QX01-6.8	6.8	5 700	5 073	385.51	17.37	20.46	8.98	0.53	0.20	1.18	0.54	0.04	0.01	8.41	0.33	0.25
QX01-12.4	12.4	8 050	3 419	388.82	17.03	18.62	9.64	0.58	0.14	1.09	0.59	0.04	0.01	9.01	0.35	0.29
QX01-15.0	15.0	22 000	4 044	376.01	17.04	20.40	8.69	0.49	0.19	1.16	0.42	0.03	0.61	8.09	0.32	0.15

表2 QX01钻孔5个沉积物有机质分子化合物类别及元素组成

Table 2 The compound groups and elemental composition of SOM molecular composition of 5 samples from core QX01

样品编号	各元素组合类别占比/%				各物质组合类占比/%
样品编号	CHO	CHON	CHOS	CHONS	木质素类	单宁类	不饱和烃类	芳香族	脂质	蛋白质	碳水化合物
QX01-1.45	45.59	40.36	12.61	1.44	50.84	25.17	0.93	7.38	1.8	7.75	6.13
QX01-5.4	53.01	39.01	7.73	0.25	47.03	25.77	8.62	7.19	0.85	5.67	4.87
QX01-6.8	40.18	34.93	20.77	4.12	61.87	7.06	3.98	4.05	2.4	13.28	7.36
QX01-12.4	46.22	37.69	15.98	0.11	53.95	23.49	5.98	9.64	0.54	5.13	1.27
QX01-15.0	41.88	30.37	24.46	3.29	52.82	18.34	3.11	9.17	3.07	9.97	3.52

图3 (a)各元素组合对应化合物的相对丰度;(b)各物质组合对应化合物的相对丰度

Fig.3 (a)Relative abundance of compounds corresponding to combinations of elements; (b)Relative abundance of compounds corresponding to each substance combination

图4 海平面变化及有机分子组成记录 (a)全球平均表面温度(据文献[36]);(b)65°N-6月太阳辐射强度(据文献[36]);(c)GISP2温度(据文献[41]);(d)30°~90°N温度(据文献[42]);(e)蓝色曲线—末次盛冰期以来全球相对海平面高度(据文献[37]),红色曲线—末次盛冰期中国黄海相对海平面高度(据文献[38]);(f)有机质内源组分和外源组分相对含量;(g),(h)有机质各种物质组分相对含量;(i)-(l)分别为有机分子的DBEw、AI-modw、Hw和Ow(本文)。

Fig.4 Records of sea level change and organic molecular composition

图5 渤海湾古海岸线变化与滨海湿地演化示意图 “古北大港”等蓝色区域为常年积水地区;浅蓝色区域为各期潟湖类洼地;深蓝色区域为海水淹没区域;实线和虚线代表古海岸线,数据代表古海岸线年代,改自文献[43]。

Fig.5 Paleo-coastline changes and coastal wetland evolution in Bohai Bay. Blue areas such as the ‘ancient Bei Da Gang’ are areas of perennial waterlogging. Light blue areas are lagoon type, and depressions of various phases. Dark blue areas are sea water inundation areas. Solid and dotted lines represent palaeoshorelines, and data represent palaeoshorelines ages (modified after [43]).

图6 约4 850 a BP、约5 700 a BP和约8 050 a BP三个样品有机质CHO组分对比韦恩图(a)展示了三个样品中的共有分子和独特分子的数量,三个样品的共有分子数有1 293个,独特分子数分别为42个、21个、553个;V-K图(b)展示了三个样品中的共同组分和特殊组分的分布。

Fig.6 Comparison of CHO fractions of three samples. Venn diagram (a) demonstrates the number of common and unique molecules in the three samples, with 1293 common molecules and 42, 21 and 553 unique molecules in the three samples, respectively. V-K diagram (b) demonstrates the distributions of common and unique components in the three samples.

图7 约4 850 a BP、约5 700 a BP和约8 050 a BP三个样品中高含氧量芳香性化合物(AI-modw<0.67,O/C>0.4) 红色实线为AI-modw=0.67;黑色虚线为O/C=0.4;黑色圆圈标记的为陆源有机质,据文献[21]。

Fig.7 Highly oxygenated aromatic compounds (AI-modw<0.67, O/C>0.4) in three samples. The red solid line is AI-modw=0.67. The black dashed line is O/C=0.4. The black circles mark land-based sources of organic matter (adapted from [21]).

图8 (a)-(c)约4 850 a BP、约5 700 a BP和约8 050 a BP三个样品中含硫有机分子在V-K图中的分布;(d)不同样品中含硫有机分子相对丰度

Fig.8 (a)-(c)Distribution of sulfur compounds in the V-K diagrams of the three samples;(d)Relative abundance of sulfur compounds in different samples

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有机分子组成揭示渤海西岸末次盛冰期以来海平面变化对滨海湿地生态演化的影响

Organic matter molecular composition reveals the impact of sea level change on the evolution of coastal wetland ecosystem since the Last Glacial Maximum on the west coast of Bohai Sea

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