准噶尔盆地腹地莫西庄地区弥散式走滑断层特征与成因机制

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.7.58

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 52-67.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.7.58

准噶尔盆地腹地莫西庄地区弥散式走滑断层特征与成因机制

赵利¹(), 董大伟²^,^*(), 李志鹏³, 梁建军³, 王光增⁴

1.山东农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东泰安 271018
2.山东石油化工学院, 山东东营 257061
3.中国石化新疆新春石油开发有限责任公司, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 山东青岛 266100

收稿日期:2024-04-12 修回日期:2024-07-26 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者: 董大伟
作者简介:赵利(1988—),男,讲师,主要从事区域大地构造及油气区构造解析工作。E-mail: orchidy@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42072162);国家自然科学基金项目(42072235);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MD036)

The characteristic and mechanics of distributed strike-slip faults in Moxizhuang area, interior of the Junggar Basin

ZHAO Li¹(), DONG Dawei²^,^*(), LI Zhipeng³, LIANG Jianjun³, WANG Guangzeng⁴

1. College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai’an 271018, China
2. Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China
3. Xinjiang Xinchun Petroleum Development Co., Ltd., SINOPEC, Ürümqi 830011, China
4. College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

Received:2024-04-12 Revised:2024-07-26 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
Contact: DONG Dawei

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准噶尔盆地腹地发育的走滑断层具有数量多、断距小、平行等距和面状分布的特点,不同于盆地边缘走滑断层,不能完全用里德尔剪切模型来解释其成因机制。这将制约该地区走滑断层和局部应力场的构造解析,以及油气勘探部署。为此,本文以莫西庄油田为研究区,基于高精度三维地震数据开展构造解析和构造物理模拟,分析了此类走滑断层的变形特征和成因机制。结果表明:(1)研究区走滑断层弥散式分布,具有走向分段、规模分级、南北分区、垂向分层、成因分类和演化分期特征,最大平移距离6.4~8.3 km,落差小于46 m;(2)多期构造变形和滑脱层造成走滑断层在垂向上发育多个构造层,分别具有“断接式”和“断隔式”特征;(3)研究区走滑断层可以形成于弥散剪切,NEE-SWW走向断层发育为同向里德尔剪切R,NE-SW走向断层为反向里德尔剪切R',近SN走向断层则为低角度反向剪切R'_L,EW走向断层为低角度同向剪切R_L;(4)弥散剪切控制断块间相对隆升和沉降、断块内应力集中和释放、断层叠接部位拉分和压隆,使得油源断层、应力集中断块和构造高部位成为油气有利聚集区;(5)在准噶尔盆地晚二叠世以来整体左旋和盆地边缘右行压扭背景下,莫索湾凸起对盆1井西凹陷南部边界施加的左行压扭是研究区弥散剪切变形的直接诱因。

关键词: 走滑断层, 弥散剪切, 盆地腹地, 成因机制, 莫西庄, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

The strike-slip faults in the interior of the Junggar Basin are characterized by large number, small displacement, and parallel, evenly spaced distribution within an area. These characteristics differ from those of faults in the marginal basin and cannot be fully explained by the Riedel shear model. This limitation constrains the analysis of strike-slip faults, local stress fields, and hydrocarbon exploration. Therefore, taking the Moxizhuang oilfield as the study area, this paper investigates the characteristics and mechanics of these faults through structural analysis and physical simulation. The results show that: (1) The strike-slip faults are widely distributed and exhibit characteristics of classification, stratification, grading, zoning, staging, and segmentation. Their maximum strike-slip displacement is 6.4-8.3 km, with a vertical throw of less than 46 m. (2) Multi-stage structural deformation and detachment layers vertically divide the strike-slip faults into several structural layers, each displaying characteristics of both inheritance and separation. (3) Distributed shear deformation led to the formation of strike-slip faults with diverse strikes. The NEE-SWW-trending strike-slip faults are synthetic Riedel shears (R), the NE-SW-trending ones are antithetic Riedel shears (R'), the near S-N-trending ones are low-angle antithetic Riedel shears (R'_L), and the E-W-trending strike-slip faults are low-angle synthetic Riedel shears (R_L). (4) The distributed shear controlled the relative uplift and subsidence of fault blocks, triggered local stress concentration and release, and generated pull-apart and push-up structures within step-over zones. These features significantly enhance hydrocarbon accumulation potential in faults connecting source layers, structural highs, and fault blocks characterized by concentrated stress. (5) Under the influence of a counterclockwise rotational stress field and dextral boundary transpression within the Junggar Basin, the counterclockwise transpression exerted by the Mosuowan Uplift on the southern boundary of the Penyijingxi Sag triggered the distributed shear deformation there.

Key words: strike-slip fault, distributed shear, interior of basin, mechanics, Moxizhuang area, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

赵利, 董大伟, 李志鹏, 梁建军, 王光增. 准噶尔盆地腹地莫西庄地区弥散式走滑断层特征与成因机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(5): 52-67.

ZHAO Li, DONG Dawei, LI Zhipeng, LIANG Jianjun, WANG Guangzeng. The characteristic and mechanics of distributed strike-slip faults in Moxizhuang area, interior of the Junggar Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 52-67.

图/表 8

图1 研究区地质概况(a引自文献[7]) a—准噶尔盆地腹地走滑断层分布;b—研究区中侏罗统三工河组走滑断层平面分布(短线仅代表下降盘);c—研究区地层格架。

Fig.1 The geological background of study area. a adapted from [7].

图2 研究区走滑断层几何学特征 a—5 000 ms相干体切片,完全切二叠系;b—3 090 ms相干体切片,西北部切侏罗系,东南部切白垩系;c—过研究区的地震剖面及其构造解译;d-g—F1断层的局部放大地震剖面及其构造解译。剖面c-g的位置见图1b。

Fig.2 The geometrics of strike-slip faults in study area

图3 研究区走滑断层运动学特征 a—NEE走向断层落差;b—近SN走向断层落差;c—F1断层沿走向的落差(南盘上升为正);d—F1断层南北两盘的西山窑组煤层厚度沿走向变化。地震剖面位置见图1b。

Fig.3 The kinematics of strike-slip faults in study area

图4 里德尔剪切与弥散剪切模型的物理模拟实验对比(引自文献[8,43]) a—实验平台俯视图;b—砂体表面发育的断层;c—砂体剖面发育的断层;d—断层类型。图中,R—同向里德尔剪切;R'—反向里德尔剪切;P—次级同向断层;T—张破裂;PDZ—主变形带;Y—与主变形带平行的断层;R'L—低角度反向剪切;RL—低角度同向剪切;M—主断层;ϕ—内摩擦角;σ1—最大主应力;σ3—最小主应力;D—走滑量;γ—剪应变;α—旋转角度。

Fig.4 The comparison of Riedel and distributed shear models in physical experiments. Adapted from [8,43].

图5 实验模型设计 a—实验平台设计;b—实验结果的平面。

Fig.5 The model set-up

图6 物理模拟实验结果的三维地形及其构造解译图a-d为模型Ⅰ的变形过程,图e-h为模型Ⅱ的变形过程。图i和j为图c的局部放大。图中走滑断层线上的短线代表下降盘,并非表示正断层。

Fig.6 3D terrain and their structural interpretation of physical experiment results

图7 模型Ⅰ的实验结果中走滑断层落差(a)和走滑量(b) 图a中,地形高度的趋势是由初始状态下砂体表面未完全抹平造成的,局部齿形是由走滑断层的落差造成的。地形剖面的位置和1号走滑断层位置见图6d。

Fig.7 The throw (a) and strike-slip amount (b) of strike-slip faults in experimental result of model Ⅰ

图8 研究区弥散剪切变形成因机制分析(b引自文献[58]) a—准噶尔盆地发育弥散剪切的动力学背景;b—盆内网状走滑断层系;c—具有块体旋转特征的弥散剪切变形;d—研究区构造变形模型。

Fig.8 The mechanics of distributed shear developed in study area. b adapted from [58].

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准噶尔盆地腹地莫西庄地区弥散式走滑断层特征与成因机制

The characteristic and mechanics of distributed strike-slip faults in Moxizhuang area, interior of the Junggar Basin

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