开采井周边储层渗透率演变对天然气水合物产能影响机理研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.25

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 166-177.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.25

• 南海北部天然气水物储层精细评价及实验模拟技术 • 上一篇下一篇

开采井周边储层渗透率演变对天然气水合物产能影响机理研究

申鹏飞¹^,²(), 侯嘉欣², 吕涛³, 毕昊媛², 何娟¹^,⁴, 李小森¹^,⁴, 李刚¹^,⁴^,^*()

1.广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室, 广东广州 510640
2.河北工程大学矿业与测绘工程学院, 河北邯郸 056038
3.西安石油大学石油工程学院, 陕西西安 710065
4.中国科学院广州能源研究所, 广东广州 510640

收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2024-12-15 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-25
通信作者: *李刚(1981—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事水合物开发技术及数值模拟研究。E-mail:ligang@ms.giec.ac.cn
作者简介:申鹏飞(1991—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事天然气水合物开采技术与综合利用研究。E-mail:shenpengfei@hebeu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52404029);国家自然科学基金项目(51976228);广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室开放基金项目(E239kf0601);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-QN-0389);河北省教育厅科学技术研究项目资助(QN2022027)

Study on the influence of reservoir permeability evolution around production wells on production capacity of natural gas hydrate

SHEN Pengfei¹^,²(), HOU Jiaxin², LÜ Tao³, BI Haoyuan², HE Juan¹^,⁴, LI Xiaosen¹^,⁴, LI Gang¹^,⁴^,^*()

1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
2. School of Mining and Geomatics Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
3. College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
4. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2024-12-15 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水合物储层采用压裂技术改造增产已被证明具有水合物生产的应用前景。本研究主要目的是分析两个生产井之间相互作用下的储层产气规律,获得生产井之间的最佳距离。本文以祁连山冻土区DK-2站位的水合物赋存参数为基础,以双水平井形式对开采井外储层进行压裂,并以数值模拟的方式评估了此方法开采冻土区水合物沉积物的生产潜能。模拟结果表明,利用水力压裂方法提升开采井周边储层的渗透性突破了仅采用降压法开采水合物的技术瓶颈,产气率和累积释放气体量均高于传统降压法,并且平均气水比得到显著上升。水平井周围的岩石基质破裂后,会增加压裂区的流动特性,进而促进压降的传播距离,有效降低储层内冰赋存与聚集。水平生产井之间水合物分解区域的渗透有利于促进分解气体和水流向生产井。此外,水力压裂方法对固有渗透率低于1 mD的水合物储层是十分有效的,生产井之间的最佳距离建议为45~60 m。

关键词: 天然气水合物, 储层改造, 渗透率, 冻土区, 井距

Abstract:

The use of fracturing technology to transform and increase production in hydrate reservoirs has been proven to have application prospects for hydrate production. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the gas production patterns of reservoirs under the interaction between two production wells, and to obtain the optimal distance between production wells. This article is based on the hydrate occurrence parameters of DK-2 station in the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountains. The reservoir outside the dual production wells were fractured by fracturing, and the production potential of this method for extracting hydrate sediments in the permafrost region was evaluated through numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the use of hydraulic fracturing method to enhance the permeability of the surrounding reservoirs of the mining well has broken through the technical bottleneck of using only depressurization method to extract hydrates. The gas production rate and cumulative gas release are higher than traditional depressurization methods, and the average gas water ratio has significantly increased. After the rock matrix around the horizontal well ruptures, it will increase the flow characteristics of the fracturing zone, thereby promoting the propagation distance of pressure drop. The infiltration of hydrate decomposition areas between horizontal production wells is conducive to promoting the decomposition of gas and water flow towards the production wells. In addition, hydraulic fracturing methods are very effective for hydrate reservoirs with intrinsic permeability below 1 mD, and the recommended optimal distance between production wells is 45-60 m.

Key words: gas hydrate, reservoir renovation, permeability, frozen soil areas, well spacing

中图分类号:

TE38

申鹏飞, 侯嘉欣, 吕涛, 毕昊媛, 何娟, 李小森, 李刚. 开采井周边储层渗透率演变对天然气水合物产能影响机理研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 166-177.

SHEN Pengfei, HOU Jiaxin, LÜ Tao, BI Haoyuan, HE Juan, LI Xiaosen, LI Gang. Study on the influence of reservoir permeability evolution around production wells on production capacity of natural gas hydrate[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 166-177.

图/表 13

图1 DK-2 模拟区域模型图

Fig.1 DK-2 Simulation area model diagram

表1 祁连山冻土区DK-2水合物藏物理条件

Table 1 Physical parameters of DK-2 in the permafrost region of Qilian Mountain

参数	数值
左右井间距	45.0 m
埋深	235.3 m
初始压力p_B	4.19 MPa
温度T_B	277.84 K
开采井初始压力p_W0	3.91 MPa
孔隙度、初始饱和度	Φ=0.3、S_H=0.40、S_A=0.60
气体组分	100% CH₄
地温梯度	0.013 K/m
本征渗透率(k_x=k_y=k_z)	1×10^-15 m² (1 mD)
开采井渗透率	5×10^-9 m² (5 000 D)
湿热导率、干热导率	3.1、1.0 W/(m·K^-1)
复合导热模型^[27]	k_ΘC=k_ΘRD+(S_A^0.5+S_H^0.5) (k_ΘRW-k_ΘRD)+ϕS_Ik_ΘI
毛细压力模型^[28]	P_cap=-P₀₁[(S^)^-1^/λ-1)] S^=(S_A-S_irA)/(S_mxA-S_irA)
相对渗透率模型^[28]	k_rA=( S_A^)ⁿ k_rG=(S_G^)^nG S_A^=(S_A-S_irA)/(1-S_irA) S_G^=(S_G-S_irG)/(1-S_irG)
(SirA & SirG)	0.30、0.05
(λ)	0.45
(P₀₁)	105 Pa
n和n_G^[29-30]	3.572

图2 不同压裂半径下的累积产气量

Fig.2 Accumulated gas production under different fracturing radius

图3 不同压裂半径下的累积产水量

Fig.3 Accumulated water production under different fracturing radius

图4 不同压裂半径下的气水比和资源剩余百分比

Fig.4 Gas to water ratio and remaining resource percentage under different fracturing radius

图5 压裂区域不同渗透率下的累积产气量

Fig.5 Accumulated gas production under different permeability in the fracturing area

图6 压裂区域不同渗透率下的累积产水量

Fig.6 Accumulated water production under different permeability in the fracturing area

图7 压裂区域不同渗透率下的气水比和资源剩余百分比

Fig.7 Gas to water ratio and remaining resource percentage under different permeability in the fracturing area

图8 水合物饱和度分布初始组与参照组对比图

Fig.8 Comparison of Ori. and Ref. group for SH distribution

图9 气饱和度分布初始组与参照组对比图

Fig.9 Comparison of Ori. and Ref. group for SG distribution

图10 压力分布初始组与参照组对比图

Fig.10 Comparison of Ori. and Ref. group for p distribution

图11 温度分布初始组与参照组对比图

Fig.11 Comparison of between origin and reference group for temperature T distribution

图12 冰饱和度分布初始组与参照组对比图

Fig.12 Comparison of origin and reference group for SIce distribution

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开采井周边储层渗透率演变对天然气水合物产能影响机理研究

Study on the influence of reservoir permeability evolution around production wells on production capacity of natural gas hydrate

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