霍邱县城湖泊沉积物重金属污染特征、潜在生态风险及来源

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.77

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解霍邱县城西湖和城东湖表层沉积物重金属的污染特征、空间分布、潜在来源和生态风险,对城西湖和城东湖表层沉积物重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn)含量进行了分析,采用地累积指数法、污染负荷指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和沉积物质量基准法对重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价,并利用相关性分析、聚类分析及主成分解析了重金属来源。结果表明,除城东湖的Cd、Hg、Pb和城西湖的Hg外,其余元素均值超过背景值,重金属含量存在显著的空间变异性,大致呈北向南递减趋势。地累积指数表明城西湖沉积物中Ni和Zn处于未受污染-中度污染状态,污染负荷指数显示城西湖为中度污染状态,城西湖和城东湖处于轻度生态风险状态。重金属溯源分析结果显示城西湖和城东湖沉积物中Cr、Zn、Ni和Cu主要来源成土母质、矿产开采和水产养殖,As、Pb、Hg和Cd主要来源于农业污染和生活污水。研究结果可为城西湖和城东湖重金属污染防治提供科学依据。

关键词: 城西湖, 城东湖, 表层沉积物, 重金属, 污染特征, 潜在生态风险

Abstract:

The contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) in surface sediments of Chengxi Lake and Chengdong Lake were measured To understand the pollution characteristics, spatial distribution, potential sources, and ecological risks of heavy metals in surface sediments of Chengxi Lake and Chengdong Lake in Huoqiu County. The soil accumulation index, pollution load index, potential ecological hazard index, and sediment quality reference method were used to evaluate the pollution degree and potential ecological hazard of heavy metals. The sources of heavy metals were analyzed by correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that except for Cd, Hg, Pb in Chengdong Lake and Hg in Chengxi Lake, the average values of other elements exceeded the background values, and the content of heavy metals showed significant spatial variability, decreasing from north to south. The soil accumulation index indicates that Ni and Zn in sediments of Chengxi Lake are in a state of unpolluted to moderate pollution. The pollution load index indicates that the sediments of Chengxi Lake are in a state of moderate pollution, and the sediments of Chengxi Lake and Chengdong Lake are in a state of mild ecological risk. The results of heavy metal traceability analysis show that Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cu in the sediments of Chengxi Lake and Chengdong Lake are mainly from the parent material, mineral exploitation, and aquaculture, while As, Pb, Hg, and Cd are mainly from agricultural pollution and domestic sewage. The results can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Chengxi Lake and Chengdong Lake.

Key words: Chengxi Lake, Chengdong Lake, surface sediments, heavy metal, pollution assessment, potential ecological risks

中图分类号:

刘海, 魏伟, 宋阳, 潘杨, 李迎春. 霍邱县城湖泊沉积物重金属污染特征、潜在生态风险及来源[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 420-431.

LIU Hai, WEI Wei, SONG Yang, PAN Yang, LI Yingchun. Pollution characteristics, potential ecological risks and sources of heavy metal pollution in lake sediments in Huoqiu County[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 420-431.

图/表 12

图1 研究地理位置及采样位置示意

Fig.1 Location of the sampling in study area

表1 地累积指数(Igeo)、污染负荷指数(PLI)及潜在生态风险指数(Er)

Table 1 Description of geo-accumulation (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (Er)

I_geo	污染程度	PLI	污染程度
I_geo≤0	未受污染	PLI≤1	无污染
0<I_geo≤1	未受污染-中度污染	1<PLI≤2	中度污染
1<I_geo≤2	中度污染	2<PLI≤3	强污染
2<I_geo≤3	中度-严重污染	PLI>3	极强污染
3<I_geo≤4	严重污染
4<I_geo≤5	严重-极度污染
I_geo>5	极度污染
E_r	危害程度	RI	危害程度
E_r<40	低风险	RI<150	轻度生态危害
40≤E_r<80	中风险	150≤RI<300	中等生态危害
80≤E_r<160	较重风险	300≤RI<600	强度生态危害
160≤E_r<320	高风险	RI≥600	很强生态危害
E_r≥320	严重风险

图2 研究区湖泊沉积物重金属含量统计 BV表示背景值[12];TEL表示临界效应浓度[24,29];PEL表示可能效应浓度[24,29];a, b表示在0.01水平上显著差异。

Fig.2 Descriptive statistics of heavy metals in the sediments of lakes in study area

图3 湖泊沉积物重金属含量空间分布

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediments of lake in study area

图4 沉积物重金属地累积指数(Igeo)箱型图

Fig.4 Boxplot of Igeo of sediment heavy metal elements

图5 沉积物重金属污染系数(Pij)箱型图

Fig.5 Boxplot of pollution index (Pij) of sediment heavy metal elements

图6 沉积物重金属污染负荷指数(a)和潜在生态风险指数(b)

Fig.6 Pollution load index(a) and potential ecological risk index(b) of sediment heavy metal elements

图7 沉积物重金属潜在生态风险指数

Fig.7 Potential ecological risk index of sediment heavy metal elements

图8 沉积物质量基准系数(SQG-Q)和毒性单位(STU)

Fig.8 Sediment quality coefficient (SQG-Q) and toxicity unit (STU)

图9 相关系数矩阵图 *表示相关系数在0.05水平上显著,**表示相关系数在0.01水平上显著。椭圆长轴方向表示相关系数的正负,右上-左下方向对应正值,左上-右下方向对应负值;椭圆越扁,对应绝对值较大的相关系数,反之对应较小的;色柱表示相关系数的范围。

Fig.9 Plot of Pearson correlation coefficients

图10 沉积物重金属元素聚类结果

Fig.10 Cluster results of elements in sediment

图11 主成分分析载荷图

Fig.11 Plot of principal component analysis loading

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