我国岩溶生态水文学研究进展与展望

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.26

地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 342-353.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.26

我国岩溶生态水文学研究进展与展望

蒋忠诚¹^,²(), 罗为群¹^,², 吴泽燕¹^,²^,^*(), 章程¹, 邹胜章¹

1.中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
2.广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学研究观测站, 广西平果 531406

收稿日期:2025-08-20 修回日期:2025-10-20 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2025-11-10
通信作者: *吴泽燕(1990—),女,博士,助理研究员，从事岩溶生态与碳循环研究。E mail:wuzeyan@mail.cgs.gov.cn
作者简介:蒋忠诚(1962—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要研究方向为岩溶生态学。E-mail: jzhongcheng@mail.cgs.gov.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2016);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300702);自然资源部与广西区合作项目(2024ZRBSHZ091);贵州省院士工作站(黔科合平台KXJZ[2024]005)

Research progress and prospect of karst eco-hydrology in China

JIANG Zhongcheng¹^,²(), LUO Weiqun¹^,², WU Zeyan¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Cheng¹, ZOU Shengzhang¹

1. Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Karst Dynamic Key Laboratory of both Ministry of Natural Resources and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, International Karst Research Center under UNISICO, Guilin 541004, China
2. Pingguo, Guangxi Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo 531406, China

Received:2025-08-20 Revised:2025-10-20 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2025-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

20世纪末以来,我国南方表层岩溶水与石漠化综合治理的相关性研究推动了我国生态水文学的形成与发展。取得的突出研究进展包括:(1)是开展了高度依赖地下水的岩溶生态系统研究,岩溶生态系统普遍发育浅根系和深根系这二态根系,有的深根可达100多m,完全依赖岩溶地下水,但依赖程度因水文地质条件而异。(2)是生态系统对岩溶水的调蓄功能研究,生态系统对表层岩溶带水资源具有调蓄功能,特别是水源林对于表层岩溶水资源的涵养具有重要价值,使表层岩溶泉成为西南岩溶山区居民分散供水的主要水源;此外,生态调控促进了岩溶水资源的可持续利用。(3)是岩溶关键带结构及生态水文模型研究,阐明了岩溶关键带及结构的特点,建立了岩溶生态水文耦合模型,推动岩溶区水资源调控和水土漏失有效防治。岩溶关键带“六水循环”、岩溶关键带生态水文监测网络、极端气候和人类干扰下岩溶生态水文的响应过程是下一步的重要研究方向。

关键词: 岩溶, 生态水文学, 水文地质, 岩溶关键带, 中国

Abstract:

Since the late 20th century, research on the correlation between epikarst water utilization and the comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification in Southwest China has promoted the formation and development of eco-hydrology in the country. Notable research advancements include: (1) Studies on karst ecosystems with high dependency on groundwater: These ecosystems commonly feature dimorphic root systems, comprising both shallow and deep roots. Some deep roots extend over 100 meters and are completely dependent on karst groundwater, though the degree of dependence varies with hydrogeological conditions. (2) Investigation of the regulatory function of ecosystems on karst water resources: Ecology plays a regulatory role in the water resources of the epikarst zone, with forest ecosystems being of great value for conserving epikarst water resources. This makes epikarst springs the principal source of drinking water for residents in the karst mountainous areas of Southwest China. Thus, ecological regulation is essential for the sustainable utilization of karst water resources. (3) Analysis of the critical zone structure and eco-hydrological models: This research has elucidated the structure and characteristics of the critical karst zone, leading to the development of coupled eco-hydrological models for karst regions. These models facilitate better water resource management and help effectively prevent soil erosion and water leakage. Key future research directions include the six water cycles within the karst critical zone, establishing monitoring networks for karst eco-hydrological processes, and understanding the response mechanisms of karst eco-hydrology under extreme climate conditions and human disturbances.

Key words: karst, eco-hydrology, hydrogeology, karst critical zone, China

中图分类号:

蒋忠诚, 罗为群, 吴泽燕, 章程, 邹胜章. 我国岩溶生态水文学研究进展与展望[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(1): 342-353.

JIANG Zhongcheng, LUO Weiqun, WU Zeyan, ZHANG Cheng, ZOU Shengzhang. Research progress and prospect of karst eco-hydrology in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(1): 342-353.

图/表 7

图1 岩溶峰丛洼地表层岩溶带及岩溶管道剖面简图

Fig.1 Profile sketch for epikarst and karst conduit of karst peak cluster depression

图2 广西果化岩溶水利用与生态环境治理协调模式

Fig.2 Coordinated model for karst water use and eco-environment treatment in Guohua, Guangxi

图3 湖南洛塔在高位岩溶洼地蓄水成库

Fig.3 Impounding reservoir in high elevation karst depression in Luota,Hunan

图4 广西弄拉兰电堂表层岩溶泉域水文地质剖面

Fig.4 Hydrogeological profile of Landiantang epikarst spring in Nongla, Guangxi

图5 果化峰丛洼地水源林-表层岩溶水-水柜联合调控模式

Fig.5 Joint regulation model of water source forest - epikarst water - water tanks in Guohua peak cluster depression

图6 典型岩溶关键带结构剖面 (据文献[55]补充修改)

Fig.6 Profile of typical karst critical zone. Modified after [55].

图7 岩溶关键带五大圈层相关性剖面 (据文献[60])

Fig.7 Correlation profile of five circles in karst critical zone. Adapted from [60].

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Research progress and prospect of karst eco-hydrology in China

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