浙江嵊泗正长花岗岩的形成时代与成因:来自锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Hf同位素的证据

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.5

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

嵊泗岛地处浙闽岩浆带最北端,为海陆转换带,受古太平洋板块俯冲影响较大。本文以嵊泗正长花岗岩岩体为研究对象,开展了岩相学、锆石U-Pb测年、锆石Lu-Hf微区分析和岩石地球化学等工作。该岩体主要由钾长石(含量为50%~65%)、石英(含量为20%~25%)、斜长石(含量为20%~25%)和黑云母(含量为5%~10%)等组成,呈中细粒花岗结构。获得了高精度测年数据,其加权平均年龄为(95.4±1.2) Ma,表明该岩体为晚白垩世时期岩浆活动的产物。Lu-Hf微区分析结果显示,ε_Hf(t)值均为负值(-6.2~-4.0),变化范围较小,但均远高于地壳平均值,锆石二阶段模式年龄为1 547~1 405 Ma(平均值为1 465 Ma),均低于华夏基底变质岩(桃溪)的二阶模式年龄。岩石地球化学特征表明:该岩体具有高硅、富碱、富铝和富钾的特征,镁、钙、磷、钛和铁等元素含量极低,属于准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列;Rb、K等大离子亲石元素和Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素富集,Nb、Sr和P等元素亏损,稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土元素分馏作用强于重稀土元素,且具有明显的Eu负异常,分异指数高;具有低Sr、高Yb花岗岩的特征,反映了嵊泗正长花岗岩形成时压力较小。通过对岩石类型和构造环境的探讨,认为嵊泗正长花岗岩属于A型花岗岩,为晚白垩世时期古太平洋板块后撤伸展-拉张背景下的产物。岩石圈拉张减薄,地幔物质底侵、上涌导致地壳物质熔融,壳幔混合作用下形成的以壳源物质为主、少量幔源物质参与的混合岩浆会在地壳浅部侵位并形成该类岩石。

关键词: 正长花岗岩, 岩石成因, 构造背景, 嵊泗, 晚白垩世

Abstract:

Shengsi Island, located at the northernmost end of the Zhejiang-Fujian magmatic belt, represents a transitional zone between land and sea, significantly influenced by the subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate. Petrological analysis, zircon U-Pb geochronology, zircon Lu-Hf isotopic microanalysis, and geochemical characterization were conducted on the Shengsi syenite granite pluton in this study.The Shengsi pluton primarily consists of potassium feldspar (50%-65%), quartz (20%-25%), plagioclase (20%-25%), and biotite (5%-10%), exhibiting a medium- to fine-grained granite texture. High-precision zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted average age of 95.4±1.2 Ma, indicating that the pluton formed during the Late Cretaceous. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic analysis revealed the consistently negative ε_Hf(t) values (-6.2 to -4.0) with a narrow range of variation, significantly higher than the average crustal value. The two-stage zircon model ages range from 1405 Ma to 1547 Ma (mean 1465 Ma), which are younger than the second-stage model ages of the Huaxia basement metamorphic rocks (Taoxi). Geochemical analysis indicates that the Shengsi syenite granite is characterized by high silicon, alkali, aluminum, and potassium contents, with extremely low levels of Mg, Ca, P, Ti, and Fe. It belongs to the metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, high-potassium calc-alkaline granite series. The rock is enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, K) and high-field-strength elements (e.g., Th, U, Zr, Hf), while elements such as Nb, Sr, and P are depleted. The total rare earth element (REE) content is relatively high, with stronger fractionation of light REEs compared to heavy REEs, pronounced negative europium anomalies, and high fractionation indices. The low Sr and high Yb content of the granite suggests relatively low pressure during its formation. The Shengsi syenite granite is classified as A-type granite based on the petrological and geochemical characteristics, as well as the tectonic setting. It formed during the Late Cretaceous in a tectonic environment associated with the retreat and extension of the ancient Pacific Plate. This process involved lithospheric thinning and crustal melting caused by the intrusion and upwelling of mantle material. The resulting magma, primarily crustal in origin, formed through shallow crustal intrusion after crust-mantle mixing.

Key words: syenite granite, petrogenesis, tectonic setting, Shengsi, Late Cretaceous

中图分类号:

潘少军, 张建芳, 陈小友, 马俊祥, 蔡晓亮, 黄国成. 浙江嵊泗正长花岗岩的形成时代与成因:来自锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Hf同位素的证据[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 430-444.

PAN Shaojun, ZHANG Jianfang, CHEN Xiaoyou, MA Junxiang, CAI Xiaoliang, HUANG Guocheng. The formation age and origin of syenite granite in Shengsi, Zhejiang Province: Constraints from zircon U-Pb ages, rock geochemistry and Hf isotopes[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 430-444.

图/表 14

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样品号	w_B/%													AKI	A/NK	A/CNK
样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	LOI	ALK	AKI	A/NK	A/CNK
SS01	74.38	0.22	13.5	1.02	0.31	0.06	0.22	0.58	4.34	4.95	0.03	0.1	9.29	0.93	1.08	1.00
SS05	73.02	0.34	13.71	1.29	0.7	0.08	0.48	1.08	4.17	4.59	0.07	0.1	8.76	0.86	1.16	1.01
SS18	73.84	0.29	13.17	1.01	0.59	0.08	0.4	0.81	4.2	4.6	0.06	0.53	8.80	0.90	1.11	1.00
SS19	73.94	0.32	13.59	1.33	0.41	0.07	0.4	0.56	4.16	4.73	0.07	0.17	8.89	0.88	1.14	1.06
SS20	72.77	0.34	13.45	1.3	0.52	0.14	0.44	0.74	4.06	4.97	0.07	0.74	9.03	0.90	1.12	1.02
样品号	端员组分占比/%									长石占比/%		AR	SI	σ	τ	DI
样品号	Qtz	An	Ab	Fk	C	Hy	Il	Mt	Ap	A	Pl	AR	SI	σ	τ	DI
SS01	28.64	2.67	36.88	29.38	0.03	0.98	0.42	0.92	0.08	60.59	8.34	4.21	2.04	2.75	41.64	94.90
SS05	28.19	4.90	35.46	27.26	0.10	1.93	0.65	1.35	0.17	53.34	14.28	3.59	4.29	2.55	28.06	90.91
SS18	29.69	3.53	35.89	27.45	0.12	1.53	0.56	1.10	0.13	56.00	10.88	4.01	3.71	2.50	30.93	93.04
SS19	29.93	2.33	35.37	28.08	0.78	1.56	0.61	1.18	0.16	58.41	7.37	3.85	3.64	2.55	29.47	93.38
SS20	28.13	3.25	34.79	29.74	0.22	1.81	0.65	1.25	0.16	58.28	9.50	3.68	3.91	2.72	27.62	92.65

样品号	w_B/%													AKI	A/NK	A/CNK
样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	LOI	ALK	AKI	A/NK	A/CNK
SS01	74.38	0.22	13.5	1.02	0.31	0.06	0.22	0.58	4.34	4.95	0.03	0.1	9.29	0.93	1.08	1.00
SS05	73.02	0.34	13.71	1.29	0.7	0.08	0.48	1.08	4.17	4.59	0.07	0.1	8.76	0.86	1.16	1.01
SS18	73.84	0.29	13.17	1.01	0.59	0.08	0.4	0.81	4.2	4.6	0.06	0.53	8.80	0.90	1.11	1.00
SS19	73.94	0.32	13.59	1.33	0.41	0.07	0.4	0.56	4.16	4.73	0.07	0.17	8.89	0.88	1.14	1.06
SS20	72.77	0.34	13.45	1.3	0.52	0.14	0.44	0.74	4.06	4.97	0.07	0.74	9.03	0.90	1.12	1.02
样品号	端员组分占比/%									长石占比/%		AR	SI	σ	τ	DI
样品号	Qtz	An	Ab	Fk	C	Hy	Il	Mt	Ap	A	Pl	AR	SI	σ	τ	DI
SS01	28.64	2.67	36.88	29.38	0.03	0.98	0.42	0.92	0.08	60.59	8.34	4.21	2.04	2.75	41.64	94.90
SS05	28.19	4.90	35.46	27.26	0.10	1.93	0.65	1.35	0.17	53.34	14.28	3.59	4.29	2.55	28.06	90.91
SS18	29.69	3.53	35.89	27.45	0.12	1.53	0.56	1.10	0.13	56.00	10.88	4.01	3.71	2.50	30.93	93.04
SS19	29.93	2.33	35.37	28.08	0.78	1.56	0.61	1.18	0.16	58.41	7.37	3.85	3.64	2.55	29.47	93.38
SS20	28.13	3.25	34.79	29.74	0.22	1.81	0.65	1.25	0.16	58.28	9.50	3.68	3.91	2.72	27.62	92.65

样品号	w_B/10^-6																	K/Rb		Rb/Sr		Rb/Ba		Th/Ta
样品号	Ba	Cd	Co	Cr	Cs	Hf	Li	Nb	Ni	Rb	Sc	Sr	Ta	Th	U	V	Zr	K/Rb		Rb/Sr		Rb/Ba		Th/Ta
SS01	332	0.045	1.05	1.03	1.97	9.71	5.69	24.10	0.42	182	3.41	61.80	1.50	23.20	2.84	18.40	193	225.68		2.94		0.55		15.47
SS05	409	0.042	2.02	1.23	1.90	14.50	14.80	24.40	0.76	200	5.45	121	1.55	29.60	5.76	19.00	231	190.44		1.65		0.49		19.10
SS18	368	0.037	1.05	1.47	2.71	11.50	8.22	24.90	0.63	215	5.07	84.50	1.34	28.80	4.28	21.40	218	177.54		2.54		0.58		21.49
SS19	408	0.220	1.09	1.38	2.77	13.00	10.60	25.60	0.79	196	5.28	95.90	1.52	27.50	4.65	21.10	227	200.25		2.04		0.48		18.09
SS20	500	0.190	1.19	1.31	2.84	12.70	6.21	25.90	0.65	208	5.28	114	1.60	31.70	4.65	16.80	245	198.27		1.82		0.42		19.81
平均值	403	0.107	1.28	1.28	2.44	12.28	9.10	24.98	0.65	200	4.90	95.44	1.50	28.16	4.44	19.34	223	198.44		2.20		0.50		18.79
样品号	w_B/10^-6																LREE/ HREE		(La/Yb)_N		δEu		δCe	T_Zr/℃
样品号	Ce	Dy	Er	Eu	Gd	Ho	La	Lu	Nd	Pr	Sm	Tb	Tm	Y	Yb	ΣREE	LREE/ HREE		(La/Yb)_N		δEu		δCe	T_Zr/℃
SS01	87.3	4.44	2.59	0.67	4.50	0.97	44.30	0.44	30.50	9.00	5.68	0.83	0.45	24.10	2.77	194	10.44		11.47		0.41		1.07	800
SS05	82.3	3.13	1.75	0.78	3.52	0.69	47.50	0.35	26.60	7.87	4.53	0.60	0.33	15.90	2.10	182	13.60		16.22		0.60		1.04	814
SS18	75.7	3.56	2.05	0.76	3.81	0.77	41.90	0.42	25.70	7.53	4.64	0.67	0.37	19.30	2.47	170	11.06		12.17		0.55		1.04	810
SS19	107.0	4.06	2.33	0.89	4.46	0.88	62.00	0.45	32.90	9.87	5.68	0.78	0.42	21.10	2.69	234	13.59		16.53		0.54		1.06	820
SS20	122.0	4.93	2.90	1.02	5.37	1.08	70.40	0.50	39.70	12.00	6.73	0.95	0.49	26.60	3.07	271	13.06		16.45		0.52		1.03	821
平均值	94.9	4.02	2.32	0.82	4.33	0.88	53.22	0.43	31.08	9.25	5.45	0.77	0.41	21.40	2.62	210	12.35		14.57		0.52		1.05	813

样品号	w_B/10^-6																	K/Rb		Rb/Sr		Rb/Ba		Th/Ta
样品号	Ba	Cd	Co	Cr	Cs	Hf	Li	Nb	Ni	Rb	Sc	Sr	Ta	Th	U	V	Zr	K/Rb		Rb/Sr		Rb/Ba		Th/Ta
SS01	332	0.045	1.05	1.03	1.97	9.71	5.69	24.10	0.42	182	3.41	61.80	1.50	23.20	2.84	18.40	193	225.68		2.94		0.55		15.47
SS05	409	0.042	2.02	1.23	1.90	14.50	14.80	24.40	0.76	200	5.45	121	1.55	29.60	5.76	19.00	231	190.44		1.65		0.49		19.10
SS18	368	0.037	1.05	1.47	2.71	11.50	8.22	24.90	0.63	215	5.07	84.50	1.34	28.80	4.28	21.40	218	177.54		2.54		0.58		21.49
SS19	408	0.220	1.09	1.38	2.77	13.00	10.60	25.60	0.79	196	5.28	95.90	1.52	27.50	4.65	21.10	227	200.25		2.04		0.48		18.09
SS20	500	0.190	1.19	1.31	2.84	12.70	6.21	25.90	0.65	208	5.28	114	1.60	31.70	4.65	16.80	245	198.27		1.82		0.42		19.81
平均值	403	0.107	1.28	1.28	2.44	12.28	9.10	24.98	0.65	200	4.90	95.44	1.50	28.16	4.44	19.34	223	198.44		2.20		0.50		18.79
样品号	w_B/10^-6																LREE/ HREE		(La/Yb)_N		δEu		δCe	T_Zr/℃
样品号	Ce	Dy	Er	Eu	Gd	Ho	La	Lu	Nd	Pr	Sm	Tb	Tm	Y	Yb	ΣREE	LREE/ HREE		(La/Yb)_N		δEu		δCe	T_Zr/℃
SS01	87.3	4.44	2.59	0.67	4.50	0.97	44.30	0.44	30.50	9.00	5.68	0.83	0.45	24.10	2.77	194	10.44		11.47		0.41		1.07	800
SS05	82.3	3.13	1.75	0.78	3.52	0.69	47.50	0.35	26.60	7.87	4.53	0.60	0.33	15.90	2.10	182	13.60		16.22		0.60		1.04	814
SS18	75.7	3.56	2.05	0.76	3.81	0.77	41.90	0.42	25.70	7.53	4.64	0.67	0.37	19.30	2.47	170	11.06		12.17		0.55		1.04	810
SS19	107.0	4.06	2.33	0.89	4.46	0.88	62.00	0.45	32.90	9.87	5.68	0.78	0.42	21.10	2.69	234	13.59		16.53		0.54		1.06	820
SS20	122.0	4.93	2.90	1.02	5.37	1.08	70.40	0.50	39.70	12.00	6.73	0.95	0.49	26.60	3.07	271	13.06		16.45		0.52		1.03	821
平均值	94.9	4.02	2.32	0.82	4.33	0.88	53.22	0.43	31.08	9.25	5.45	0.77	0.41	21.40	2.62	210	12.35		14.57		0.52		1.05	813

测点号	年龄/Ma	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	T_DM/Ma	T_DM2/Ma	f_Lu/Hf
SS01-2	95.16	0.062 250	0.002 011	0.282 580	-6.79	-4.8	977	1 461	-0.94
SS01-4	95.19	0.045 845	0.001 490	0.282 566	-7.28	-5.3	983	1 489	-0.96
SS01-5	94.99	0.048 140	0.001 569	0.282 565	-7.33	-5.3	987	1 493	-0.95
SS01-6	95.05	0.042 788	0.001 411	0.282 599	-6.13	-4.1	935	1 417	-0.96
SS01-12	95.57	0.035 805	0.001 189	0.282 563	-7.37	-5.4	979	1 494	-0.96
SS01-14	95.33	0.054 392	0.001 872	0.282 551	-7.80	-5.8	1 015	1 524	-0.94
SS01-15	95.54	0.044 751	0.001 446	0.282 591	-6.40	-4.4	947	1 433	-0.96
SS01-16	95.15	0.044 407	0.001 442	0.282 604	-5.95	-4.0	928	1 405	-0.96
SS01-17	94.99	0.045 626	0.001 520	0.282 577	-6.89	-4.9	968	1 465	-0.95
SS01-19	95.45	0.044 209	0.001 412	0.282 596	-6.22	-4.2	939	1 422	-0.96
SS01-20	95.13	0.059 454	0.002 063	0.282 586	-6.58	-4.6	970	1 448	-0.94
SS01-21	95.20	0.046 759	0.001 550	0.282 579	-6.81	-4.8	966	1 460	-0.95
SS01-22	95.16	0.042 622	0.001 376	0.282 585	-6.60	-4.6	953	1 446	-0.96
SS01-26	95.28	0.053 984	0.001 836	0.282 574	-7.01	-5.0	981	1 473	-0.94
SS01-27	95.17	0.046 813	0.001 525	0.282 540	-8.20	-6.2	1 021	1 547	-0.95