羌塘盆地安多114道班地区上白垩统阿布山组沉积环境、物源分析及其构造意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.1

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 245-259.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.1

• “印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应”专栏之八 • 上一篇下一篇

羌塘盆地安多114道班地区上白垩统阿布山组沉积环境、物源分析及其构造意义

杜林涛¹(), 毕文军²^,^*(), 李亚林³, 张佳伟⁴, 张少文¹, 尹须伟¹, 王成秀¹

1.北京市矿产地质研究所, 北京 101500
2.太原理工大学地球科学与工程系, 山西太原 030024
3.中国地质大学(北京) 生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
4.中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029

收稿日期:2023-05-22 修回日期:2023-06-07 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-07
通讯作者: *毕文军(1991—),男,博士,讲师,构造地质学专业,主要从事青藏高原隆升和剥露历史研究。E-mail: biwenjun@tyut.edu.cn
作者简介:杜林涛(1988—),男,博士,工程师,矿产普查与勘探专业,主要从事含油气盆地与构造分析方的面研究。E-mail: lintaodu01@126.com
基金资助:
科学技术部第二次青藏高原科学考察项目(2019QZKK0803);山西省自然科学基金青年项目(202103021223120)

Sedimentary environment, provenance analysis and tectonic significance of the Upper-Cretaceous Abushan Formation in 114 Daoban, Anduo area, Qiangtang Basin

DU Lintao¹(), BI Wenjun²^,^*(), LI Yalin³, ZHANG Jiawei⁴, ZHANG Shaowen¹, YIN Xuwei¹, WANG Chengxiu¹

1. Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources and Geology, Beijing 101500, China
2. Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2023-05-22 Revised:2023-06-07 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羌塘盆地晚白垩世广泛发育阿布山组陆相粗碎屑岩沉积,然而当前对其沉积环境、物源特征、构造背景尚不清楚,这制约着我们对羌塘-拉萨地体碰撞后羌塘盆地的沉积演化和高原早期隆升的准确认识。为了解决上述问题,本文对安多114道班地区阿布山组的沉积时代、沉积环境、物源特征进行了详细研究。野外观察发现,阿布山组与下伏安山岩和上覆牛堡组均呈角度不整合接触,结合安山岩喷出时代和牛堡组的沉积年龄,限定其沉积时代为晚白垩世;阿布山组中砾石成分和形态结果显示,这些砾石主要为灰岩,且经历的搬运距离较短,为近源堆积。砂岩碎屑成分、重矿物特征、碎屑锆石年龄谱表明,阿布山组的物源主要来自南羌塘坳陷内部和中央隆升带的晚三叠世—侏罗纪地层。对比邻区阿布山组特征,本文认为羌塘盆地晚白垩世陆相红色碎屑岩的沉积与羌塘-拉萨地体持续汇聚作用形成的一系列逆冲推覆活动有关。

关键词: 羌塘盆地, 晚白垩世, 阿布山组, 羌塘-拉萨地体碰撞

Abstract:

Late-Cretaceous continental strata of the Abushan Formation consist mainly of coarse clastic rocks and outcrop widely in the Qiangtang Basin, however, its sedimentary environment, source characteristics and tectonic setting remain unclear. In order to better understand the sedimentary evolution of the Qiangtang Basin and the early Tibetan Plateau uplift history after the Qiangtang-Lhasa collision we conducted detailed investigation into the depositional age, sedimentary environment, and source characteristics of the Abushan Formation in 114 Daoban, Anduo area. Angular unconformities were observed between the Abushan Formation and the underlying andesite and overlying Niubao Formation. Based on this observation, along with the eruption age of andesite and the depositional age of the Niubao Formation, we conclude that the Abushan Formation was deposited during the Late Cretaceous. Gravels of the Abushan Formation indicated a near-source deposition scenario as they mainly consisted of limestone and were transported over a short distance. Combined with geochemical data on sandstone detritus and heavy minerals, along with detrital zircon age spectra, we consider that the Abushan Formation was mainly sourced from Triassic-Jurassic strata in the southern Qiangtang and the central uplift zone. By comparing the stratigraphic characteristics between the Abushan Formation and its surrounding area, we suggest that the deposition of continental red clastic rock during the Late Cretaceous was related to large-scale thrusting in the Qiangtang Basin caused by continued plate convergence in the Qiangtang-Lhasa terranes.

Key words: Qiangtang Basin, Late Cretaceous, Abushan Formation, collision of the Qiangtang-Lhasa Terrane

中图分类号:

杜林涛, 毕文军, 李亚林, 张佳伟, 张少文, 尹须伟, 王成秀. 羌塘盆地安多114道班地区上白垩统阿布山组沉积环境、物源分析及其构造意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(4): 245-259.

DU Lintao, BI Wenjun, LI Yalin, ZHANG Jiawei, ZHANG Shaowen, YIN Xuwei, WANG Chengxiu. Sedimentary environment, provenance analysis and tectonic significance of the Upper-Cretaceous Abushan Formation in 114 Daoban, Anduo area, Qiangtang Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(4): 245-259.

图/表 11

图1 (a)羌塘盆地大地构造位置图,(b)羌塘盆地区域地质图,(c)研究区地质简图 SHS—龙木错—双湖缝合带;SGAT—狮泉河—改则—安多逆冲断层; GSCT—改则—色林错逆冲断层。

Fig.1 (a) Tectonic units and (b) regional geological map of the Qiangtang Basin, and (c) geologic sketch map of study area

图2 (a)地层接触关系(远景),(b)地层接触关系(近景),(c)阿布山组砾石

Fig.2 (a, b) Stratum contact relationships (distant and close views), and (c) gravel of the Abushan Formation

图3 安多114道班阿布山组4BA剖面综合柱状图

Fig.3 Comprehensive columnar profile of section 4BA of the Abushan Formation in 114 Daoban, Qiantang Basin

表1 114道班地区阿布山组砾石统计参数特征

Table 1 Physical properties of gravel from the Abushan Formation in 114 Daoban

砾石统计点	Mz/cm	σ	SK1	峰度	d/cm	F	ψ	H/km
点1	13.1	-1.5	-1.8	-0.38	4.6	1.8	0.73	34.9
点2	9.6	3.3	-4.4	-0.17	4.9	2.0	0.68	39.9
点3	17.0	8.2	-1.9	-0.57	4.0	1.8	0.72	39.9

图4 安多114道班地区阿布山组砂岩碎屑统计三角图解 (底图据文献 [40]) Qm—单晶石英;Qp—多晶石英(包括燧石);Lv—火山/变火山岩屑;Ls—沉积/变沉积岩屑;P—斜长石;K—碱性长石;Qt—石英总量(Qt=Qm+Qp);F—长石(F=P+K);L—不稳定岩屑(L=Lv+Ls);Lt—岩屑总量(Lt=L+Qp)。

Fig.4 Ternary plots for sandstone classification based on detritus analysis in the Abushan Formation in 114 Daoban. Modified after [40].

表2 重矿物相关指数描述

Table 2 Heavy mineral indices used in this study

指数	重矿物组合	重矿物指数
ATi	磷灰石-电气石	100×磷灰石/(磷灰石+电气石)
GZi	石榴石-锆石	100×石榴石/(石榴石+锆石)
MZi	独居石-锆石	100×独居石/(独居石+锆石)
RuZi	金红石-锆石	100×金红石/(金红石+锆石)
ZTR	锆石-电气石-金红石	锆石+电气石+金红石

表3 羌塘盆地114道班地区阿布山组重矿物百分含量与重矿物指数

Table 3 Relative percentage of heavy minerals in and heavy mineral index values for rock samples from the Abushan Formation in 114 daoban area

层位	w_B/%												ZTR	RuZi	GZi	ATi
层位	锆石	金红石	电气石	磷灰石	石榴子石	锐钛矿	白钛石	辉铜矿	黄铁矿	重晶石	辉石	绿帘石	ZTR	RuZi	GZi	ATi
4BA-04	63.3	10.7	4.1	1.9	11.1	2.4	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.3	75.7	14.4	15	31.1
4BA-06	25.5	6.9	8.3	0.2	30.3	0.5	27.4	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.0	62.6	21.4	54.3	2.1
4BA-08	50.0	5.0	15.4	2.3	14.0	1.3	1.7	0.0	4.6	0.0	4.2	1.4	64.0	9.2	21.9	13.1
4BA-11	41.1	3.3	8.4	0.6	32.3	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.2	13.6	0.0	0.0	39.5	7.5	44	6.9

图5 安多114道班地区阿布山组重矿物指数

Fig.5 Relationships between heavy mineral index values in the Abushan Formation in 114 daoban area

表4 羌塘盆地114道班地区阿布山组砂岩LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb结果

Table 4 Results of LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from sandstone from the Abushan Formation in 114 daoban area

图6 安多114道班地区阿布山组锆石 U-Pb 年龄与潜在物源区对比 (碎屑锆石数据来源: 北羌塘坳陷数据来自文献[48⇓⇓-51]; 中央隆起带数据来自文献[52⇓⇓-55]; 南羌塘坳陷[18,48,56]; 中央隆起带岩浆岩、变质岩数据来自文献[52,56]; 班公湖—怒江缝合带多尼组数据来自文献[57]。)

Fig.6 Comparison of U-Pb zircon age spectra between the Abushan Formation and potential source areas. Data partly adapted from [18,48⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-57].

图7 羌塘盆地晚白垩世古地理重建示意图 (据文献[7]修编) SGAT—狮泉河—改则—安多逆冲断层; GSCT—改则—色林错逆冲断层;4BA—剖面位置。

Fig.7 Reconstruction of paleogeography of the Qiangtang Basin during the Late Cretaceous. Modified after [7].

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羌塘盆地安多114道班地区上白垩统阿布山组沉积环境、物源分析及其构造意义

Sedimentary environment, provenance analysis and tectonic significance of the Upper-Cretaceous Abushan Formation in 114 Daoban, Anduo area, Qiangtang Basin

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