我国典型土壤中Co对生物的毒害及其阈值推导

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.11.40

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人类对钴(Co)元素开发利用活动的增强,土壤Co污染问题日益受到重视。然而,目前对土壤Co的生态风险和阈值研究还很有限。本研究通过文献检索收集筛选Co生态毒性数据,并结合毒理学实验和物种敏感性分布法推导我国土壤Co的生态风险阈值。研究结果显示,文献检索和生态毒性实验获得了不同土壤性质下Co对10种生物的10%效应浓度(EC₁₀),变化范围为7~4 696 mg/kg。利用逐步线性回归建立了8个物种EC₁₀和土壤性质(pH、CEC、OC含量和Clay含量)以及这些物种自身敏感性k值的关系,得到8个物种的k值在-0.21~1.458,并通过种间外推模型获得无归一化模型的黑麦草及玉米渣矿化k值(-1.207和2.201)。最终获得包含土壤性质和k值的10个物种的回归模型,据此模型将预测的EC₁₀值归一化到4种土壤条件下。利用物种敏感性分布法推导得到4种土壤条件下Co的生态安全阈值(HC₅),经过老化淋洗因子的校正,在酸性、中性、碱性和石灰性土壤条件下分别为7.3、44、72.08和38.88 mg/kg,该结果可为土壤Co污染风险评价及相关标准的制定提供依据。

关键词: 土壤, 钴, 物种敏感分布曲线, 种间传递, 生态风险, 阈值

Abstract:

With increasing cobalt (Co) uses cobalt contamination in soil has attracted increasing attention. However, the potential ecological risks of Co contamination in soil and related risk thresholds have not been well researched. This study aims to derive ecological risk thresholds of Co in soil in China, using Co ecotoxicity data collected and screened through literature research, combined with ecotoxicological experiments and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. According to results, the EC₁₀ values of Co in soils with different properties ranged between 7 to 4696 mg/kg. The relationships between EC₁₀ and soil properties (pH, CEC, OC, Clay) and sensitivity k value of species were established by stepped-linear regression for eight species. The k value of the eight species ranged between -0.21 to 1.458. The k value (-1.207 and 2.201) of the non-normalized ryegrass and maize residue mineralization(MR) were obtained by extrapolation of the interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) model.Finally, regression models, with soil properties and k value as independent variables, were obtained for 10 species, and the predicted EC₁₀ values were normalized to four soil conditions. Using SSD method and adjusting for aging leaching factor,the ecological risk threshold (HC₅) values for Co in soil were derived for acidic (7.3 mg/kg), neutral (44 mg/kg), alkaline (72.08 mg/kg) and calcareous (38.88 mg/kg) soil conditions. The results provide a scientific basis for the formulation of soil standards for Co and for risk management.

Key words: soil, cobalt, species sensitive distribution curve, interspecific transfer, ecological risk, threshold

中图分类号:

张竞元, 王学东, 梁力川, 段桂兰. 我国典型土壤中Co对生物的毒害及其阈值推导[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 137-146.

ZHANG Jingyuan, WANG Xuedong, LIANG Lichuan, DUAN Guilan. Derivation of ecotoxicity thresholds for Co in soils in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 137-146.

图/表 7

参考文献 47

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物种及反应	土壤	pH	CEC/(cmol·kg^-1)	OC含量/%	Clay含量/%	EC₁₀/ (mg·kg^-1)	置信区间内的EC₁₀/ (mg·kg^-1)
黑麦草	祁阳	5.31	7.47	0.9	46	84	40~125
黑麦草	广州	7.27	8.3	1.5	25	268	125~393
黑麦草	廊坊	8.84	6.36	0.6	10	38	18~56
潜在硝化反应	广州	7.27	8.3	1.5	25	29	21~37
潜在硝化反应	廊坊	8.84	6.36	0.6	10	183	161~205

物种及反应	土壤	pH	CEC/(cmol·kg^-1)	OC含量/%	Clay含量/%	EC₁₀/ (mg·kg^-1)	置信区间内的EC₁₀/ (mg·kg^-1)
黑麦草	祁阳	5.31	7.47	0.9	46	84	40~125
黑麦草	广州	7.27	8.3	1.5	25	268	125~393
黑麦草	廊坊	8.84	6.36	0.6	10	38	18~56
潜在硝化反应	广州	7.27	8.3	1.5	25	29	21~37
潜在硝化反应	廊坊	8.84	6.36	0.6	10	183	161~205

种类	评价终点	数量	土壤酸碱度pH (0.01 mol CaCl₂)	土壤阳离子交换量 CEC/(cmol·kg^-1)	土壤有机碳(OC) 含量/%	土壤黏粒(Clay) 含量/%	毒性阈值EC₁₀/ (mg·kg^-1)	数据来源
植物	大麦根伸长	24	4.3~8.9	1.7~28.9	0.6~5.3	1~66	15~3 914	文献[8] 文献[28]
植物	西红柿发芽量	9	4.3~7.7	2.7~28.9	0.9~5.3	1.5~47.9	10~222	文献[29]
植物	油菜发芽量	8	4.3~7.5	3.5~28.9	0.8~5.3	1.5~47.9	15~113	文献[29]
植物	黑麦草根伸长	3	5.31~8.84	6.36~8.3	0.6~1.5	10~46	38~268	本研究
无脊椎动物	安德爱胜蚓繁殖量	9	4.4~7.5	1.7~28.9	0.8~2.1	1~47.9	58~437	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
无脊椎动物	赤子爱胜蚓繁殖量	8	4.3~6.8	1.7~28.5	0.9~5.3	1~38.6	54~1 121	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
无脊椎动物	白符跳虫繁殖量	11	4.3~6.8	1.7~28.9	0.8~5.3	1~47.9	16~753	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
微生物过程	葡萄糖诱导呼吸速率	10	4.3~7.5	1.7~28.9	0.9~5.3	1~47.9	7~606	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
微生物过程	玉米渣矿化速率	9	4~7.53	1.7~28.9	0.9~5.3	1~47.9	38~4 696	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
微生物过程	潜在硝化反应速率	11	4.4~8.84	1.7~28.9	0.6~2.1	1~47.9	23~725	本研究及European Chemicais Agency dossiers

种类	评价终点	数量	土壤酸碱度pH (0.01 mol CaCl₂)	土壤阳离子交换量 CEC/(cmol·kg^-1)	土壤有机碳(OC) 含量/%	土壤黏粒(Clay) 含量/%	毒性阈值EC₁₀/ (mg·kg^-1)	数据来源
植物	大麦根伸长	24	4.3~8.9	1.7~28.9	0.6~5.3	1~66	15~3 914	文献[8] 文献[28]
植物	西红柿发芽量	9	4.3~7.7	2.7~28.9	0.9~5.3	1.5~47.9	10~222	文献[29]
植物	油菜发芽量	8	4.3~7.5	3.5~28.9	0.8~5.3	1.5~47.9	15~113	文献[29]
植物	黑麦草根伸长	3	5.31~8.84	6.36~8.3	0.6~1.5	10~46	38~268	本研究
无脊椎动物	安德爱胜蚓繁殖量	9	4.4~7.5	1.7~28.9	0.8~2.1	1~47.9	58~437	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
无脊椎动物	赤子爱胜蚓繁殖量	8	4.3~6.8	1.7~28.5	0.9~5.3	1~38.6	54~1 121	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
无脊椎动物	白符跳虫繁殖量	11	4.3~6.8	1.7~28.9	0.8~5.3	1~47.9	16~753	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
微生物过程	葡萄糖诱导呼吸速率	10	4.3~7.5	1.7~28.9	0.9~5.3	1~47.9	7~606	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
微生物过程	玉米渣矿化速率	9	4~7.53	1.7~28.9	0.9~5.3	1~47.9	38~4 696	European Chemicais Agency dossiers
微生物过程	潜在硝化反应速率	11	4.4~8.84	1.7~28.9	0.6~2.1	1~47.9	23~725	本研究及European Chemicais Agency dossiers

土壤个数	物种	回归模型	编号	r²
24	大麦	lgEC₁₀=0.321pH+0.189	①	0.613
24	大麦	lg EC₁₀=0.363pH+0.662lgw(OC)-0.21	②	0.665
9	西红柿	lgEC₁₀=0.338pH-0.335	①	0.613
8	油菜	lgEC₁₀=0.17pH+0.461	①	0.441
8	油菜	lgEC₁₀=0.242pH+0.622lgw(OC)-0.15	②	0.792
9	赤子爱胜蚓	lgEC₁₀=0.206pH+0.952	①	0.599
11	白符跳虫	lgEC₁₀=0.931lgCEC+1.549	①	0.563
11	白符跳虫	lgEC₁₀=1.7lgCEC-0.67lgw(Clay)+1.458	②	0.755
8	安德爱胜蚓	lgEC₁₀=0.804lgw(Clay)+1.58	①	0.805
11	潜在硝化反应	lgEC₁₀=0.698lgCEC+1.232	①	0.362
11	潜在硝化反应	lgEC₁₀=0.826lgCEC-1.073lgw(OC)+1.269	②	0.629
10	葡萄糖诱导呼吸	lgEC₁₀=0.971lgCEC+0.98	①	0.407