地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 331-341.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.4.15

• “健康地质调查”专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

浙西北典型黑色岩系地质高背景区镉的地球化学特征及其对人群健康的影响

刘久臣(), 刘大文, 盖楠, 路国慧, 贾文彬, 刘斯文, 关子骞, 汤奇峰*()   

  1. 国家地质实验测试中心, 自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室, 北京 100037
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-05 修回日期:2025-03-07 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
  • 通信作者: *汤奇峰(1979—),男,高级工程师,主要从事生态地球化学、健康地质方面研究。E-mail: tangqifeng@mail.cgs.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:刘久臣(1978—),男,副研究员,主要从事生态地球化学、健康地质方面研究。E-mail: liujiuchen@mail.cgs.gov.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20243344)

Geochemical characteristics of Cadmium and their impact on population health in the typical black rock series high geochemical background area, northwestern Zhejiang Province, China

LIU Jiuchen(), LIU Dawen, GAI Nan, LU Guohui, JIA Wenbin, LIU Siwen, GUAN Ziqian, TANG Qifeng*()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing 100037, China
  • Received:2025-01-05 Revised:2025-03-07 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04

RichHTML

2

PDF (PC)

32

摘要：

本文选择浙西北典型黑色岩系分布区的安吉县上墅乡,有针对性的对当地镉(Cd)元素地球化学特征以及其对人群健康产生的影响进行研究。结果表明,对照《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618—2018)要求,上墅乡表层土壤镉元素超标严重,高值区域主要位于上墅乡中部与北部地区,与黑色岩系地层分布表现出空间一致性。Cd元素在向下的垂向剖面中呈现出表聚现象,其表层土壤所处的地球化学环境对镉元素可产生富集作用,致使表层土壤更容易出现镉元素超标现象。研究区农田土壤中镉元素化学形态组成高低顺序为:离子交换态>腐殖酸结合态>残渣态>铁锰结合态>碳酸盐结合态>强有机结合态>水溶态,其中的离子交换态处于绝对高的水平,农田土壤中镉元素的活性强,有效组分含量高,容易在土壤中发生迁移。健康风险评价结果显示研究区镉元素致癌风险较高,但在当地开展的包含平均寿命、慢病发病、骨骼损害疾病等指标的实际健康调查结果显示,研究区镉元素地质高背景并未对当地人群健康产生实际影响。本研究结果表明,仅仅从地质高背景的镉元素高含量水平推断人体健康风险具有误导性,人体对镉的吸收以及镉对人体健康产生的危害受到多种因素影响,尤其是地质高背景区的人体健康评价更应以实际调查为主。

关键词: 黑色岩系, 地质高背景, 重金属, 镉, 健康地质, 人群健康

Abstract:

This study conducted a GeoHealth survey in Shangshu Township, Anji County-a representative high geochemical background region characterized by the distribution of the black rock series in northwestern Zhejiang Province-with a focused investigation of the geochemical behavior of cadmium (Cd) and its potential impact on local population health. Results indicate that, according to the Soil Environmental Quality-Risk Control Standards for Soil Pollution in Agricultural Land (GB 15618-2018), cadmium concentrations in over 30% of the surface soils significantly exceed the regulatory thresholds. Elevated levels are primarily concentrated in the central and northern regions of the township, exhibiting strong spatial concordance with the distribution of the black rock series. Vertical profiling reveals a distinct surface accumulation of cadmium, suggesting that the geochemical conditions of the upper soil horizon promote Cd enrichment, thereby increasing the likelihood of regulatory exceedance. Sequential extraction analysis indicates that cadmium in agricultural soils exists predominantly in the ion-exchangeable form, followed by humic acid-bound, residual, iron-manganese oxide-bound, carbonate-bound, organic-bound, and water-soluble forms. The dominance of the ion-exchangeable fraction indicates high bioavailability and mobility, implying a substantial potential for environmental migration and biological uptake. Health risk assessments suggest an elevated carcinogenic risk. However, regional epidemiological data-including life expectancy, chronic disease prevalence, and skeletal health indicators, which are comparable to those in low-cadmium background areas, show no significant adverse health outcomes that can be attributed to the naturally elevated cadmium background. These findings highlight the limitations of inferring human health risks solely based on geogenic cadmium concentrations. As cadmium uptake and toxicological effects are influenced by multiple environmental and physiological factors, health risk evaluations in areas with high natural geochemical backgrounds should rely primarily on empirical regional epidemiological health data rather than geochemical levels alone.

Key words: black rock series, high geochemical background, heavy metals, cadmium, GeoHealth, population health

中图分类号: