北喜马拉雅构造带东部Moho形态研究:以接收函数3DCCP方法为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.56

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 57-67.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.56

• “印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应”专栏之六 • 上一篇下一篇

北喜马拉雅构造带东部Moho形态研究:以接收函数3DCCP方法为例

李春森¹^,²(), 徐啸¹^,²^,^*(), 向波¹^,²^,^*(), 郭晓玉¹^,², 吴优¹^,², 吴佳杰¹^,², 罗旭聪¹^,², 余嘉豪¹^,², 仝霄飞¹^,², 袁梓昭¹^,², 林燕琪¹^,²

1.中山大学地球科学与工程学院, 广东珠海 519082
2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519082

收稿日期:2022-05-21 修回日期:2022-08-25 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-01-05
通讯作者: 徐啸,向波
作者简介:李春森(1997—),男,硕士研究生,构造地质学专业。E-mail: lichs3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41874102);国家自然科学基金项目(41974097);国家自然科学基金项目(42274120);科学技术部第二次青藏高原科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0701)

Moho geometry in the eastern North Himalayan tectonic belt: An example of the receiver function 3DCCP method

LI Chunsen¹^,²(), XU Xiao¹^,²^,^*(), XIANG Bo¹^,²^,^*(), GUO Xiaoyu¹^,², WU You¹^,², WU Jiajie¹^,², LUO Xucong¹^,², YU Jiahao¹^,², TONG Xiaofei¹^,², YUAN Zizhao¹^,², LIN Yanqi¹^,²

1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China

Received:2022-05-21 Revised:2022-08-25 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-01-05
Contact: XU Xiao,XIANG Bo

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

正在进行的印度与欧亚板块陆陆碰撞研究已取得丰硕的研究成果,然而印度地壳与欧亚大陆地壳的深部构造接触关系仍存在较大争议。因此在本次研究中,我们选取当前Moho几何结构展布研究争议最大的北喜马拉雅构造带东部为重点研究区域,基于布设的短周期密集台阵数据与公开的宽频带台站数据集,使用远震P波3DCCP叠加与改进的Moho拾取算法,获取了区域内高分辨率的3D Moho形态。综合前人接收函数2DCCP剖面、层析成像与大地电磁剖面等综合研究结果,本次研究共取得如下认识:(1)Moho深度从高喜马拉雅下方约60 km向北加深至雅江缝合带下方约70~75 km;(2)在雅江缝合带南部约28.9°N范围内出现东西向超120 km长的Moho深度突变带;(3)垂向上,该Moho埋深异常带两侧存在整体相反的Moho倾向和岩石圈热结构的差异,北倾的结构界面代表俯冲印度地壳前缘莫霍面几何结构,而南倾的则代表上覆的欧亚板块大陆地壳。综合研究分析表明,俯冲的印度地壳在北喜马拉雅构造带东部仅存在于雅江缝合带南侧,并没有越过雅江缝合带持续向北延伸。该种现象可能受控于两种作用:(Ⅰ)印度地壳俯冲前缘受南拉萨新生地壳的阻挡仅停留在雅江缝合带以南;(Ⅱ)该区域东构造结东侧印度大陆受到来自印度洋板块向东俯冲而发生顺时针转向拖曳。二者共同作用导致了北喜马拉雅构造带东部印度与欧亚大陆现今的地壳构造接触关系。

关键词: 北喜马拉雅, 接收函数, 3DCCP, 3D Moho结构

Abstract:

The India-Eurasia collision zone remains uncertain with respect to deep geological contacts beneath the eastern North Himalayan tectonic belt. In order to confirm the specific Moho interface beneath the dominant collision zone, we obtained high-resolution 3D Moho geometry in the region based on data generated by the deployed short-period dense array and previously published broadband station, by tele-seismic P-wave 3DCCP stack method using the improved Moho picking algorithm. Together with previous 2DCCP profiles, tomography and magnetotelluric profiles, we obtain the following results: (1) the Moho depth increases from ~60 km beneath the Great Himalayas to ~70-75 km beneath the dominant collision zone (YZSZ, the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone). (2) An 120 km-long east-west-oriented depth gradient of the Moho interface exists at about 28.9°N to the south of YZSZ, where appears opposite Moho dip direction constituting the depth gradient. (3) The Moho interface dipping to the north represents the subducting Indian crust and indicates no further extension of the Indian crust beyond YZSZ to the north. In a broader context, this Moho depth gradient to the south of YZSZ in the eastern North Himalayas is resulted from subduction resistance by the juvenile southern Lhasa terrane and the contemporaneous clockwise rotation of the Indian continent that is pulled by the ongoing subduction of the Indian oceanic crust to the east of the Eastern Himalayan Syntax.

Key words: northern Himalayan tectonic belt, receiver function, 3DCCP stack, 3D Moho structure

中图分类号:

李春森, 徐啸, 向波, 郭晓玉, 吴优, 吴佳杰, 罗旭聪, 余嘉豪, 仝霄飞, 袁梓昭, 林燕琪. 北喜马拉雅构造带东部Moho形态研究:以接收函数3DCCP方法为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(2): 57-67.

LI Chunsen, XU Xiao, XIANG Bo, GUO Xiaoyu, WU You, WU Jiajie, LUO Xucong, YU Jiahao, TONG Xiaofei, YUAN Zizhao, LIN Yanqi. Moho geometry in the eastern North Himalayan tectonic belt: An example of the receiver function 3DCCP method[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 57-67.

图/表 8

图1 北喜马拉雅及邻区综合构造地质简图((a)据文献[2]修改;(b)据文献[9⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-15]) (a)—喜马拉雅造山带及邻区构造简图;(b)—北喜马拉雅构造带东部构造地质简图。黑色细虚线表示区域性断层。圈内数字含义:1—深反射地震剖面;2—INDEEPTH700大地电磁剖面;3—东西向宽频带台站;4—短周期密集台站(本次研究布设);5—宽频带台站。图例:1—高喜马拉雅;2—同-后碰撞期冈底斯花岗岩;3—冈底斯火山岩(包含同碰撞林子宗火山岩);4—淡色花岗岩;5—错那裂谷地表裂陷区。QT—羌塘;JSS—金沙江缝合带;BNS—班公错—怒江缝合带;YZSZ—雅江缝合带;GHS—高喜马拉雅;STDs—藏南拆离系;MCT—主中央逆冲断裂;YD—雅拉香波穹窿;NHB—北喜马拉雅构造带;GCT—仁布—泽当断裂;WKDZ—沃卡韧性剪切带;SL—南萨拉;CL—中拉萨;LMF—洛巴堆—米拉山断裂带;CRZ—错那裂谷带。

Fig.1 Simplified geological maps of (a) the Himalayan tectonic belt and adjacent area (modified after [2] ) and (b) eastern North Himalayan tectonic belt (adapted from [9⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-15])

图2 接收函数随震中距与后方位角分布(a,b)及70 km深穿透点分布(c)特征 (a)—短周期台站接收函数随震中距及后方位角分布图,对应(c)中紫色穿透点;(b)—宽频带台站接收函数随震中距及后方位角分布图,对应(c)中青色穿透点;(c)—本次研究所用接收函数在70 km深度的P波穿透点分布。(a)和(b)中的震中距与后方位角分别按10°与20°划分。GHS—高喜马拉雅;NHB—北喜马拉雅构造带;STDs—藏南拆离系;YZSZ—雅江缝合带;SL—南拉萨;CL—中拉萨;LMF—洛巴堆—米拉山断裂带。

Fig.2 Results of receiver-function analysis using (a) local station and (b) published broadband data and (c) distribution of piercing points at 70 km depth

图3 从3DCCP网格体中提取Moho界面的流程示意 (a)—3DCCP叠加网格,经平滑后显示,灰色代表无数据,红蓝色分别代表正负振幅值;(b)—提取0.02~1正振幅后的网格体,绿色平面限定Moho位置;(c)—提取的Moho区域网格体;(d)—峰值查找算法拾取Moho界面示意,红色代表拾取点,黑色曲线为插值后的振幅曲线。

Fig.3 Workflow of extracting Moho interface from 3DCCP grid data

图4 3DCCP网格Moho拾取结果 (a)—网格内Moho振幅值分布;(b)—网格内Moho标准差分布;(c)—网格内Moho深度分布;(d)—网格内射线数量分布。绿线代表南北向92.1°E剖面位置。

Fig.4 Moho picking results using 3DCCP grid

图5 北喜马拉雅东部及邻区Moho形态 (a)—2D Moho深度等值面图;(b)—3D Moho形态图。橙色箭头代表地壳增厚方向,蓝色箭头代表地壳减薄方向,(a)和(b)中绿色线段代表南北向剖面位置。

Fig.5 Moho-depth isosurface in the eastern North Himalayan tectonic belt and adjacent areas

图6 南北向92.1°E剖面特征 (a)—本研究3DCCP沿92.1°E叠加振幅剖面;(b)—本研究3DCCP沿92.1°E叠加网格标准差剖面;(c)—对(a)中剖面的解释,具体描述见文中文字。(a)-(c)中黄色虚线为算法拾取的Moho区域;(a)和(b)中白点为拾取到的Moho界面,3DCCP叠加半径为10 km。顶部为92.1°E剖面高程与区域构造单元划分。

Fig.6 (a, b) N-S-trending 3DCCP profiles along 92.1°E showing the location of Moho anomaly (white dots) and (c) interpreted Moho (this study)

图7 前人沿南北向92.1°E剖面附近的地球物理研究剖面((a)据文献[15]修改;(b)据文献[13]修改) (a)—92.1°E南北向宽频带S波CCP叠加剖面,台站位置见图1(b)中5;(b)—91.9°E南北向INDEPTH700线大地电磁剖面。剖面位置见图1(b)中2。其中在(a)和(b)中叠加图6(c)中解释结果。

Fig.7 N-S-trending geophysical profiles along 92.1°E (a, data from [15]) and 91.9°E (b, data from [13])

图8 俯冲印度地壳及岩石圈地幔前缘与深部结构示意((a)据文献[4,6,7,12,15,17,51⇓⇓-54,57]修改) (a)—俯冲印度地壳及岩石圈地幔前缘位置示意,叠加区域50 km×50 km移动平滑滤波后的EGM2008布格重力异常;(b)—北喜马拉雅构造带东部及邻区深部地壳结构示意。蓝色箭头表示印度地壳俯冲方向,橙色箭头代表拉萨地体俯冲方向。图例:1—深地震反射剖面;2—前人研究中所提出的印度下地壳前缘位置;3—本次研究所确定的印度下地壳前缘位置;4—层析成像揭示的印度岩石圈地幔前缘位置;5—层析成像揭示的印度岩石圈地幔前缘位置;6—本次研究推测的印度地壳俯冲前缘位置。JF—嘉黎断裂;KF—喀喇昆仑断裂;BNS—班公错—怒江缝合带;JSS—金沙江缝合带;YZSZ—雅江缝合带;MFT—主喜马拉雅前缘断裂;MHT—主喜马拉雅逆冲断裂。

Fig.8 (a) Location of subduction-front of the Indian crust according to different studies (modified from [4,6,7,12,15,17,51⇓⇓-54,57]) including this one (red stars), and (b) a model of deep crustal structure of the eastern North Himalayan tectonic belt and adjacent area.

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北喜马拉雅构造带东部Moho形态研究:以接收函数3DCCP方法为例

Moho geometry in the eastern North Himalayan tectonic belt: An example of the receiver function 3DCCP method

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