接收函数成像揭示东昆仑断裂带及其周缘地壳结构

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.4.20

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 270-282.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.4.20

• “印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应”专栏之八 • 上一篇下一篇

接收函数成像揭示东昆仑断裂带及其周缘地壳结构

仝霄飞¹(), 徐啸¹^,²^,^*(), 郭晓玉¹^,², 李春森¹, 向波¹, 余嘉豪¹, 罗旭聪¹, 袁梓昭¹, 林燕琪¹, 时宏城¹

1.中山大学地球科学与工程学院, 广东珠海 519802
2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519802

收稿日期:2023-03-06 修回日期:2023-03-20 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-07
通讯作者: *徐啸(1980—),男,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事青藏高原构造地球物理学研究。E-mail: xuxiao8@mail.sysu.edu.cn
作者简介:仝霄飞(1998—),男,硕士研究生,地球物理学专业。E-mail: tongxf@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41974097);国家自然科学基金项目(42274120);国家自然科学基金项目(41874102);科学技术部第二次青藏高原科学考察项目(2019QZKK0701)

Receiving function imaging reveals the crustal structure of the East Kunlun fault zone and surrounding areas

TONG Xiaofei¹(), XU Xiao¹^,²^,^*(), GUO Xiaoyu¹^,², LI Chunsen¹, XIANG Bo¹, YU Jiahao¹, LUO Xucong¹, YUAN Zizhao¹, LIN Yanqi¹, SHI Hongcheng¹

1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China

Received:2023-03-06 Revised:2023-03-20 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

前人的研究结果表明,自中新世以来青藏高原持续进行着穿时性的向东逃逸,而东昆仑断裂的左旋走滑运动正是这种变形的表现。正确地厘定断裂的位置与地壳结构,对于更加深入地认识高原的变形、应力传递和物质运输起着至关重要的作用。有大地测量学和地貌学研究指出,东昆仑断裂沿走向向东的滑移速率逐渐递减,在被第四纪沉积物所覆盖的若尔盖盆地内尤为明显。然而,该盆地分布有广袤的高山草甸、低洼沼泽,使得通过地表追踪断裂的地貌学迹象研究尤为困难。因此,东昆仑断裂带在若尔盖盆地内的位置无法确认。本次研究采用了由167个间隔约1 km的短周期地震仪站组成的密集阵列以及9个宽频带台站,对若尔盖盆地内东昆仑断裂的地壳结构进行成像。通过比较地壳中地层的不连续性和莫霍面的深度变化,确定了东昆仑断裂在若尔盖盆地内继续向东延伸。此外,塔藏断裂和东昆仑断层在地壳结构上的相似性说明它们之间存在继承关系。高分辨率的接收函数结构为高原的向外生长提供了新的证据。

关键词: 东昆仑断裂, 接收函数, 青藏高原东北缘, 塔藏断裂

Abstract:

Previous studies have suggested that the Tibetan Plateau continues to undergo eastward extrusion since the Miocene, and the observed sinistral strike-slip deformation in eastern Kunlun is strong evidence of such movement. To gain a better understanding of the land deformation, stress transfer, and material transport on the Tibetan Plateau, it is crucial to correctly identify the location of faults and the regional crustal structure. Geodetic and geomorphic evidence have indicated an eastward decrease of slip rate along the eastern Kunlun fault, particularly in the Roergai Basin covered with a variety of Quaternary sediments. However, due to basin’s alpine herbaceous swamp nature, it is particularly challenging to identify fault traces in the basin; as a result, the location of the eastern Kunlun fault within the Roergai Basin is unclear. In this contribution, a dense array of 167 seismic stations (spaced at ~1-km intervals) and 9 broadband stations were used to investigate the crustal structure beneath the eastern Kunlun fault in the Ruoergai Basin. Through basin-wide comparisons of discontinuities in crustal strata and Moho depth variations it was determined that the eastern Kunlun fault continues to extend eastward through the Ruoergai Basin; in addition, an inheritance relationship between the Tazang and eastern Kunlun faults was identified based on crustal structure similarities. The results of this study provide high-resolution evidence for the outward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: eastern Kunlun fault, receiver functions, northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tazang Fault

中图分类号:

P315.2

仝霄飞, 徐啸, 郭晓玉, 李春森, 向波, 余嘉豪, 罗旭聪, 袁梓昭, 林燕琪, 时宏城. 接收函数成像揭示东昆仑断裂带及其周缘地壳结构[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(4): 270-282.

TONG Xiaofei, XU Xiao, GUO Xiaoyu, LI Chunsen, XIANG Bo, YU Jiahao, LUO Xucong, YUAN Zizhao, LIN Yanqi, SHI Hongcheng. Receiving function imaging reveals the crustal structure of the East Kunlun fault zone and surrounding areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(4): 270-282.

图/表 6

图1 东昆仑断裂前人研究成果总结 (地震学剖面的莫霍面深度数据分别来自:1、5—[23];2—[24];3—[25];4—[26];6—[27];7—[28];8—[29];9—[22];10—[30];11—[20];年代学数据来自[31⇓⇓-34]) a—东昆仑断裂活动性与前人地震学剖面总结 ;F1—东昆仑断裂;F2—塔藏断裂;F3—白龙江断裂;F4—光盖山断裂;F5—西秦岭断裂;F6—岷江断裂;F7—共和南山断裂;F8—鄂拉山断裂;F9—日月山断裂;b—东昆仑断裂地壳结构特征总结。

Fig.1 (a) Summary of previous results on the eastern Kunlun fault (Moho depth data adapted from [20,22⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-30]; fault ages adapted from [31⇓⇓-34]), and (b) structural characteristics of the Earth’s crust beneath the eastern Kunlun fault.

图2 研究区域地质构造概况 (b据[58]补充修改) a—地震事件分布;b—研究区地质构造与地震台站分布图;F10—阿万仓断裂;F11—龙日坝断裂;F12—虎牙断裂。

Fig.2 (a) Distribution of seismic events used for the receiver function calculation, and (b) geological settings in the research area (modified from [58]) and distribution of seismic stations.

图3 宽频带地震仪接收函数 a—各种剖面位置与50 km深度穿刺点分布;b—经过时深转换与射线路径校正后的宽频带接收函数并按照后方位角排列,每个台站波形最上方为总的叠加结果。

Fig.3 (a) Location of CCP stacking profiles and shot-points, and (b) stacked and individual moveout corrected receiver functions plotted along backazimuth for broadband stations

图4 原始接收函数CCP叠加剖面 a, b, c—分别为图3a中的CCP叠加剖面的接收函数叠加波形,分别按照自西向东的顺序排列,其中红色为短周期地震仪,蓝色为宽频带地震仪,并标注有对应的台站名称。

Fig.4 Raw receiver function CCP stacking profiles (profile locations see Fig.3a)

图5 共转换点叠加剖面 (d据文献[22]修改) a,b,c—分别为图3a中的CCP剖面按自西向东的顺序排列,d为图3a中的深地震反射剖面;剖面a中的圆点为周缘地震的深度投影,地震目录源自美国国家地震监测台网与中国地震台网中心,黄色区域为两个块体分界的过渡带。

Fig.5 CCP stacking profiles (profile locations see Fig.3a, d modified from [22])

图6 青藏高原东缘若尔盖盆地内生长变形模型

Fig.6 A deformation model for the Roergai Basin, eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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接收函数成像揭示东昆仑断裂带及其周缘地壳结构

Receiving function imaging reveals the crustal structure of the East Kunlun fault zone and surrounding areas

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