Earth Science Frontiers ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 230-243.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.6.14

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The static geological elements and dynamic processes of the helium-bearing systems

YANG Yiqing(), TAO Shizhen*(), LI Jian, YANG Wei, CHEN Yue, GAO Jianrong, WANG Xiaobo, CHEN Yanyan, LIU Xiangbai   

  1. Petro China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2024-01-05 Revised:2025-06-26 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: TAO Shizhen

Abstract:

Helium-bearing systems share similarities with petroleum systems but are fundamentally distinct. A helium-bearing system comprises static geologic elements—including effective helium source rocks, migration conduits, and reservoirs/traps—and dynamic geologic processes: generation, migration, and accumulation. These processes encompass a wide range of complex factors and mechanisms. Helium has an extremely low boiling point, is chemically inert, and is not subject to biodegradation. These properties result in a generation-migration-accumulation (GMA) process differing significantly from that of hydrocarbon gases. Describing the GMA process of helium-bearing systems and examining the origin of uranium- and thorium-rich crustal helium source rocks and the resulting commercial helium accumulations enables a comprehensive and logical explanation and process tracing of helium generation, migration, and accumulation. The spatiotemporal coupling of the static geologic elements and dynamic geologic processes within such a system creates the probability of forming helium-rich or helium-bearing accumulations. A systematic approach to helium-bearing systems provides a foundation for helium exploration and resource assessment.

Key words: helium, helium-bearing systems, “generation-migration-accumulation” system, static geological elements, dynamic processes, descriptive evaluation

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