Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic granites in the Dondo area, northern Angola block: Geological response to the assembly of Columbia Supercontinent

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.15

Abstract

Abstract:

The Paleoproterozoic Eburnean orogenic granites are widely exposed in the western part of Angola, offering an ideal setting to study the magmatism and tectonic evolution of the Angola Block. This paper presents systematic studies of petrology, petrogeochemistry, and zircon U-Pb geochronology on the exposed granites in the Dondo area, northern Angola Block. The results indicate that the emplacement ages of porphyritic biotite monzonite granite and biotite monzonite granite in the Dondo area are 1983.3±7.7 Ma and 1956.6±7.5 Ma, respectively, both products of middle Paleoproterozoic magmatic activity. The whole-rock samples are characterized by high SiO₂, ALK, 10000Ga/Al, FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO), and Zr+Y+Nb+Ce, and low MgO, TiO₂, CaO, and P₂O₅. Trace elements are enriched in Rb, K, Th, U, Zr, and Hf, and depleted in Sr, Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. All samples are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE, with no significant negative Eu anomaly. The crystallization temperature, calculated using zircon saturation thermometry, ranges from 757 to 889 ℃. Based on these geochemical characteristics, the granites in the Dondo area are classified as A2-type granite. Mineralogical and geochemical features suggest that the porphyritic biotite monzonite granite and biotite monzonite granite were generated by the mixing of crust-derived melts and mantle-derived mafic magma. The similar formation ages within analytical error, identical mineral assemblages, and consistent variations in major and trace elemental compositions indicate that their parental magma originated from a common magma chamber, with lithological differences resulting from melt extraction processes. It is proposed that the magma producing the potassium feldspar porphyry resided in the deep crust for an extended period, leading to stable crystallization of potassium feldspar, increased viscosity and density, and a frozen state of the magma. Subsequent thermal disturbance and volatile enrichment from mantle-derived magma injection rapidly reactivated the frozen magma chamber, resulting in crystal-melt separation. The extracted melt formed biotite monzonite granite, while magma mixed with pre-existing crystals formed porphyritic biotite monzonite granite. Combining regional and global tectonic evolution, it is suggested that the granites from the Dondo area formed in a post-collision tectonic environment between the São Francisco Craton and the Congo Craton. The Paleoproterozoic magmatic events in the Angola Block are likely responses to the Columbia Supercontinent assembly.

Key words: Angola Block, Paleoproterozoic, petrogenesis, A-type granites, remobilizing mechanism of frozen magma chambers, Columbia Supercontinent

CLC Number:

LIU Wei, ZHANG Hongrui, LUO Dike, JIA Pengfei, JIN Lijie, ZHOU Yonggang, LIANG Yunhan, WANG Zisheng, LI Chunjia. Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic granites in the Dondo area, northern Angola block: Geological response to the assembly of Columbia Supercontinent[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(4): 237-257.

Figures/Tables 13

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样品编号	岩性	主量元素w_B/%
样品编号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂			Al₂O₃		Fe₂O	FeO	MnO		MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	69.78	0.573			14.44		3.07	1.27	0.072		0.609	1.63	3.57	5.44
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	67.25	0.673			15.46		3.3	1.28	0.112		0.709	1.74	4.07	5.68
C33I-5-GS10		71.77	0.413			13.98		2.41	1.05	0.074		0.538	1.25	3.67	5.3
C33I-5-GS11		63.53	0.773			16.5		4.37	2.31	0.07		0.877	2.52	2.62	7.35
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	75.57	0.108			12.85		0.873	0.63	0.022		0.14	0.491	3.32	5.64
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	71.04	0.481			13.56		3.19	1.39	0.039		0.494	0.993	2.75	5.84
C33J-3-GS1		74.97	0.161			13.02		1.67	0.7	0.015		0.128	0.578	3.41	5.31
样品编号	岩性	主量元素w_B/%								A/NK	A/CNK		K₂O/Na₂O	FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)	T_Zr/℃
样品编号	岩性	K₂O+Na₂O	P₂O₅		H₂O⁺			LOI	Total	A/NK	A/CNK		K₂O/Na₂O	FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)	T_Zr/℃
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	9.01	0.257		<0.10			0.46	99.9	1.23	0.98		1.52	0.83	877
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	9.75	0.36		<0.10			0.54	99.89	1.2	0.96		1.4	0.81	889
C33I-5-GS10		8.97	0.163		<0.10			0.43	99.99	1.19	1		1.45	0.81	835
C33I-5-GS11		9.98	0.236		0.55			1.07	99.92	1.34	0.98		2.81	0.83	874
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	8.96	0.04		0.3			0.85	99.9	1.11	1.03		1.7	0.86	757
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	8.59	0.155		0.59			1.4	99.95	1.25	1.07		2.12	0.86	862
C33J-3-GS1		8.72	0.03		0.22			0.61	99.9	1.15	1.05		1.56	0.99	790
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Rb	Ba			Th		U	Nb	Ta		Sr	Sc	V	Cr
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	145	1945			10.6		1.73	28.4	1.3		255	9.29	40.3	126
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	171	1099			12.6		2.83	37	2.61		188	6.49	22.7	197
C33I-5-GS10		141	2531			10.9		1.33	35.8	1.96		400	13.8	20.5	190
C33I-5-GS11		135	1834			7.05		0.738	39.8	2.66		339	7.14	18.7	184
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	92.1	262			4.49		1.2	7.2	0.406		66	2.18	5.45	218
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	190	1146			35.3		2.56	21.7	1.11		163	7.35	20.4	168
C33J-3-GS1		195	750			24.7		3.78	16.8	1.13		74.6	4.5	5.36	270
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Co	Ni			Ga		Cs	Pb	Zr		Hf	La	Ce	Pr
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	6.49	8.82			24.3		0.402	25.4	520.1		16.6	100	188	20.2
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	2.52	5.64			21.3		1.12	39.9	295.7		9.82	106	197	20.3
C33I-5-GS10		3.23	6.61			25		0.406	42.7	578.1		21.3	202	423	47.1
C33I-5-GS11		3.01	7.01			21.9		0.21	35.3	473.5		18.5	141	274	34.6
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	0.62	3.67			19.4		0.551	32.8	110		3.84	28.6	51.7	6.07
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	3.76	5.25			20.7		1.5	30.9	351		9.49	100	346	23.2
C33J-3-GS1		1.05	20.6			16		1.31	23.4	160.4		5.74	69.9	129	14.5
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Nd	Sm			Eu		Gd	Tb	Dy		Ho	Er	Tm	Yb
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	74.4	12.1			4.38		11.5	1.83	8.42		1.51	5.8	0.644	4.12
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	74.4	11.8			3.11		12	1.93	9.27		1.75	6.73	0.899	5.77
C33I-5-GS10		184	29.5			8.45		27.1	4.34	20.5		3.79	13.9	1.7	10.9
C33I-5-GS11		137	24			6.04		20.2	3.73	18.9		3.73	12.9	1.78	11.2
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	21.1	3.37			0.745		3	0.453	2.23		0.379	1.42	0.184	1.3
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	76.8	11.9			2.63		11.7	1.64	7.33		1.22	4.56	0.542	3.42
C33J-3-GS1		57	8.36			0.869		7.52	1.22	6.05		1.18	3.53	0.562	3.67
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6								LREE/HREE		δEu	(La/Yb)_N	Nb/Ta	Rb/Nb
样品编号	岩性	Lu	Y	∑REE			LREE		HREE	LREE/HREE		δEu	(La/Yb)_N	Nb/Ta	Rb/Nb
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	0.599	38.8	433.5			399.08		34.42	11.59		1.12	17.41	21.85	5.11
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	0.843	49.7	451.8			412.61		39.19	10.53		0.79	13.18	14.18	4.62
C33I-5-GS10		1.66	116	977.94			894.05		83.89	10.66		0.9	13.29	18.27	3.94
C33I-5-GS11		1.55	113	690.63			616.64		73.99	8.33		0.82	9.03	14.96	3.39
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	0.224	10	120.78			111.59		9.19	12.14		0.7	15.78	17.73	12.79
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	0.476	26.4	591.42			560.53		30.89	18.15		0.67	20.97	19.55	8.76
C33J-3-GS1		0.522	34.2	303.88			279.63		24.25	11.53		0.33	13.66	14.87	11.61

样品编号	岩性	主量元素w_B/%
样品编号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂			Al₂O₃		Fe₂O	FeO	MnO		MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	69.78	0.573			14.44		3.07	1.27	0.072		0.609	1.63	3.57	5.44
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	67.25	0.673			15.46		3.3	1.28	0.112		0.709	1.74	4.07	5.68
C33I-5-GS10		71.77	0.413			13.98		2.41	1.05	0.074		0.538	1.25	3.67	5.3
C33I-5-GS11		63.53	0.773			16.5		4.37	2.31	0.07		0.877	2.52	2.62	7.35
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	75.57	0.108			12.85		0.873	0.63	0.022		0.14	0.491	3.32	5.64
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	71.04	0.481			13.56		3.19	1.39	0.039		0.494	0.993	2.75	5.84
C33J-3-GS1		74.97	0.161			13.02		1.67	0.7	0.015		0.128	0.578	3.41	5.31
样品编号	岩性	主量元素w_B/%								A/NK	A/CNK		K₂O/Na₂O	FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)	T_Zr/℃
样品编号	岩性	K₂O+Na₂O	P₂O₅		H₂O⁺			LOI	Total	A/NK	A/CNK		K₂O/Na₂O	FeO^T/(FeO^T+MgO)	T_Zr/℃
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	9.01	0.257		<0.10			0.46	99.9	1.23	0.98		1.52	0.83	877
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	9.75	0.36		<0.10			0.54	99.89	1.2	0.96		1.4	0.81	889
C33I-5-GS10		8.97	0.163		<0.10			0.43	99.99	1.19	1		1.45	0.81	835
C33I-5-GS11		9.98	0.236		0.55			1.07	99.92	1.34	0.98		2.81	0.83	874
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	8.96	0.04		0.3			0.85	99.9	1.11	1.03		1.7	0.86	757
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	8.59	0.155		0.59			1.4	99.95	1.25	1.07		2.12	0.86	862
C33J-3-GS1		8.72	0.03		0.22			0.61	99.9	1.15	1.05		1.56	0.99	790
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Rb	Ba			Th		U	Nb	Ta		Sr	Sc	V	Cr
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	145	1945			10.6		1.73	28.4	1.3		255	9.29	40.3	126
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	171	1099			12.6		2.83	37	2.61		188	6.49	22.7	197
C33I-5-GS10		141	2531			10.9		1.33	35.8	1.96		400	13.8	20.5	190
C33I-5-GS11		135	1834			7.05		0.738	39.8	2.66		339	7.14	18.7	184
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	92.1	262			4.49		1.2	7.2	0.406		66	2.18	5.45	218
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	190	1146			35.3		2.56	21.7	1.11		163	7.35	20.4	168
C33J-3-GS1		195	750			24.7		3.78	16.8	1.13		74.6	4.5	5.36	270
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Co	Ni			Ga		Cs	Pb	Zr		Hf	La	Ce	Pr
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	6.49	8.82			24.3		0.402	25.4	520.1		16.6	100	188	20.2
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	2.52	5.64			21.3		1.12	39.9	295.7		9.82	106	197	20.3
C33I-5-GS10		3.23	6.61			25		0.406	42.7	578.1		21.3	202	423	47.1
C33I-5-GS11		3.01	7.01			21.9		0.21	35.3	473.5		18.5	141	274	34.6
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	0.62	3.67			19.4		0.551	32.8	110		3.84	28.6	51.7	6.07
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	3.76	5.25			20.7		1.5	30.9	351		9.49	100	346	23.2
C33J-3-GS1		1.05	20.6			16		1.31	23.4	160.4		5.74	69.9	129	14.5
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6
样品编号	岩性	Nd	Sm			Eu		Gd	Tb	Dy		Ho	Er	Tm	Yb
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	74.4	12.1			4.38		11.5	1.83	8.42		1.51	5.8	0.644	4.12
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	74.4	11.8			3.11		12	1.93	9.27		1.75	6.73	0.899	5.77
C33I-5-GS10		184	29.5			8.45		27.1	4.34	20.5		3.79	13.9	1.7	10.9
C33I-5-GS11		137	24			6.04		20.2	3.73	18.9		3.73	12.9	1.78	11.2
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	21.1	3.37			0.745		3	0.453	2.23		0.379	1.42	0.184	1.3
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	76.8	11.9			2.63		11.7	1.64	7.33		1.22	4.56	0.542	3.42
C33J-3-GS1		57	8.36			0.869		7.52	1.22	6.05		1.18	3.53	0.562	3.67
样品编号	岩性	微量元素w_B/10^-6								LREE/HREE		δEu	(La/Yb)_N	Nb/Ta	Rb/Nb
样品编号	岩性	Lu	Y	∑REE			LREE		HREE	LREE/HREE		δEu	(La/Yb)_N	Nb/Ta	Rb/Nb
C33I-5-GS1	斑状黑云母	0.599	38.8	433.5			399.08		34.42	11.59		1.12	17.41	21.85	5.11
C33I-5-GS4	二长花岗岩	0.843	49.7	451.8			412.61		39.19	10.53		0.79	13.18	14.18	4.62
C33I-5-GS10		1.66	116	977.94			894.05		83.89	10.66		0.9	13.29	18.27	3.94
C33I-5-GS11		1.55	113	690.63			616.64		73.99	8.33		0.82	9.03	14.96	3.39
C33I-1-GS2	黑云母二	0.224	10	120.78			111.59		9.19	12.14		0.7	15.78	17.73	12.79
C33I-7-GS1	长花岗岩	0.476	26.4	591.42			560.53		30.89	18.15		0.67	20.97	19.55	8.76
C33J-3-GS1		0.522	34.2	303.88			279.63		24.25	11.53		0.33	13.66	14.87	11.61