Development characteristics and formation mechanism of Ordovician paleokarst in the Huainan Coalfield

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.32

Abstract

Abstract:

The distribution and development of paleokarst systems of the North China Coalfield are the key factors which control deep karst fluid storage and transport. Studying their characteristics, controlling factors, and genesis is essential for assessing karst aquifer water abundance and permeability, and also is of the significance for karst water inrush during mining. Taking the Ordovician paleokarst of the Huainan Coalfield, situated in the southern North China Coalfield as objective, and with such methods as field geological survey, core drilling and microscopic identification, geophysical exploration, and rock geochemistry, the distribution, development characteristics, and controlled factors of Ordovician paleokarst are systematically investigated and studied, combined with regional sedimentary history, structural evolution history, and paleohydrology, the development characteristics and formation process of Ordovician paleokarst are discussed. Results reveal that the Ordovician paleokarst of the Huainan Coalfield is mainly divided into three types: sedimentary karst, epigenetic karst, and tectonic zone karst, which are five forms: breccia, cracks, pores, caves, and karst collapse columns, and which is mostly distributed within 0-50 m of the Ordovician weathering crust, and which internal fillings can be divided into three types: rock debris, chemical bonding materials, and mixed materials. The degree of ancient karst development is controlled by factors including carbonate rock lithology and structure, diagenetic geological processes, geological structural evolution, and paleohydrology. The formation of Ordovician paleokarst has evolved from the consolidated stage during carbonate deposition, to the stage of weathering and erosion owing to plate uplift, and to the stage of tectonic activity during the Late Yanshanian Movement. Besides, the formation process of paleokarst also is related to the leaching and dissolved effects, paleo-atmospheric freshwater, and deep hydrothermal activity. Therefore, different types of paleokarst are the results of multi-stage karst reconstruct.

Key words: Ordovician paleokarst, karst breccia, karst collapse column, Huainan Coalfield

CLC Number:

P642.25

XU Guangquan, YANG Tingting, WANG Chuanbing, CHENG Haiyan, ZHU Changhuai, ZHOU Jisheng, HE Shifang. Development characteristics and formation mechanism of Ordovician paleokarst in the Huainan Coalfield[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(1): 354-368.

Figures/Tables 16

References 50

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样品编号	测试样品	古岩溶类型	δ¹³C_V-PDB/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-PDB/‰	样品编号	测试样品	古岩溶类型	δ¹³C_V-PDB/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-PDB/‰
M1	CM	同生角砾	-3.43	-5.84	F8	CFs	KCC	-6.09	-13.13
M2	CM	同生角砾	-3.00	-6.10	F9	CFs	KCC	-6.63	-12.43
M3	CM	同生角砾灰岩	-0.73	-5.08	F10	CFs	岩溶角砾	-0.66	-9.73
M4	CM	角砾灰岩	-0.84	-6.52	F11	CFs	小溶洞发育	-0.84	-10.18
M5	CM	溶洞	-4.62	-10.19	F11	CFs	小溶洞发育	-0.84	-10.18
M6	CM	基岩	-0.65	-6.03	F13	CFs	裂缝	-5.85	-6.95
M7	CM	角砾	-0.68	-8.00	F14	CFs	溶洞	-1.48	-10.07
F1	CFs	构造带孔洞	-5.51	-13.44	F15	CFs	孔洞	0.49	-10.79
F2	CFs	构造带孔洞	-7.84	-12.25	F16	CFs	溶洞	-5.95	-9.12
F3	CFs	构造带裂缝	-7.36	-13.33	F17	CFs	小溶洞发育	0.92	-10.15
F4	CFs	构造带孔洞	-7.91	-13.57	最大值			0.92	-5.08
F5	CFs	构造带裂缝	-5.66	-13.97	最小值			-7.91	-13.97
F6	CFs	构造带孔洞	-5.25	-11.76	平均值			-3.77	-10.00
F7	CFs	KCC	-6.74	-13.31

样品编号	测试样品	古岩溶类型	δ¹³C_V-PDB/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-PDB/‰	样品编号	测试样品	古岩溶类型	δ¹³C_V-PDB/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-PDB/‰
M1	CM	同生角砾	-3.43	-5.84	F8	CFs	KCC	-6.09	-13.13
M2	CM	同生角砾	-3.00	-6.10	F9	CFs	KCC	-6.63	-12.43
M3	CM	同生角砾灰岩	-0.73	-5.08	F10	CFs	岩溶角砾	-0.66	-9.73
M4	CM	角砾灰岩	-0.84	-6.52	F11	CFs	小溶洞发育	-0.84	-10.18
M5	CM	溶洞	-4.62	-10.19	F11	CFs	小溶洞发育	-0.84	-10.18
M6	CM	基岩	-0.65	-6.03	F13	CFs	裂缝	-5.85	-6.95
M7	CM	角砾	-0.68	-8.00	F14	CFs	溶洞	-1.48	-10.07
F1	CFs	构造带孔洞	-5.51	-13.44	F15	CFs	孔洞	0.49	-10.79
F2	CFs	构造带孔洞	-7.84	-12.25	F16	CFs	溶洞	-5.95	-9.12
F3	CFs	构造带裂缝	-7.36	-13.33	F17	CFs	小溶洞发育	0.92	-10.15
F4	CFs	构造带孔洞	-7.91	-13.57	最大值			0.92	-5.08
F5	CFs	构造带裂缝	-5.66	-13.97	最小值			-7.91	-13.97
F6	CFs	构造带孔洞	-5.25	-11.76	平均值			-3.77	-10.00
F7	CFs	KCC	-6.74	-13.31

编号	岩性	地层	主要化学成分含量w_B/%
编号	岩性	地层	CaO	MgO	SiO₂	Na₂O	K₂O	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅	CO₂
M8	灰岩	O₁x	54.95	0.30	0.20	0.33	0.22	0.32	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.07	43.53
M9	泥质灰岩	O₁x	50.71	1.3	0.23	0.42	0.31	0.26	0.16	0.01	0.01	0.06	46.53
M10	白云质灰岩	O₁x	41.05	12.60	0.18	0.38	0.20	0.27	0.27	0.01	0.02	0.07	44.95
M11	白云岩	O₁m	31.38	20.27	1.07	0.01	0.04	0.48	0.31	0.01	0.02	0.01	46.40
M12	灰质白云岩	O₁m	34.63	18.06	0.16	0.40	0.13	0.22	0.24	0.01	0.01	0.08	46.06

编号	岩性	地层	主要化学成分含量w_B/%
编号	岩性	地层	CaO	MgO	SiO₂	Na₂O	K₂O	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅	CO₂
M8	灰岩	O₁x	54.95	0.30	0.20	0.33	0.22	0.32	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.07	43.53
M9	泥质灰岩	O₁x	50.71	1.3	0.23	0.42	0.31	0.26	0.16	0.01	0.01	0.06	46.53
M10	白云质灰岩	O₁x	41.05	12.60	0.18	0.38	0.20	0.27	0.27	0.01	0.02	0.07	44.95
M11	白云岩	O₁m	31.38	20.27	1.07	0.01	0.04	0.48	0.31	0.01	0.02	0.01	46.40
M12	灰质白云岩	O₁m	34.63	18.06	0.16	0.40	0.13	0.22	0.24	0.01	0.01	0.08	46.06