Crustal structure and chemical composition of the Yingpan-Jinding-Beiya-Panlong transect in southeastern Tibetan Plateau

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.50

Abstract

Abstract:

The structure, composition, and evolution of the continental crust represent one of the unique and defining characteristics of Earth, distinguishing it from other planets, and constitute one of the most significant scientific questions in modern Earth sciences. The continental crust plays an indispensable role in various spheres of the Earth system. It serves as a link that facilitates interactions between the lithosphere and surficial layers, and it represents a key site for studying geological processes such as crust-mantle material and energy exchange, magmatism, and mineralization. Research methods for investigating crustal structure, composition, and evolution primarily include probing the physical properties of deep crustal layers, studying deep-seated xenoliths brought to the surface by magmatic activities, analyzing ancient metamorphic basement rocks, and reconstructing magmatic processes. This study focuses on geological transect along a northwest-southeast trending crustal profile, extending from Yingpan in Lanping County, Yunnan Province, through Jinding in Lanping County and Beiya in Heqing County, to Panlong in Kunming, crossing the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the western margin of the Yangtze Craton (referred to as the Yingpan-Panlong transect). Comprehensive research on the crustal structure and chemical composition has been conducted along a 50 km-wide transect and its adjacent areas. Structurally, the profile traverses the Lanping-Simao Block, passes through the Jinding and Beiya ore deposits, and extends eastward to the western margin of the Yangtze Craton. Using an existing geophysical depth profile, combined with geochemical and geochronological data from ancient metamorphic complexes, magmatic rocks, deep crustal xenoliths, and sedimentary cover rocks, this paper integrates data from geophysics, experimental petrology, and rock geochemistry. A crustal rock composition model for the geological units within the Yingpan-Panlong transect is proposed. The elemental and isotopic compositions of the upper, middle, and lower crust are estimated, with further discusses on the processes, crustal evolution, tectonic-magmatic activities, and mineralization in the Yingpan-Panlong transect and adjacent regions.

Key words: crustal structure, petrologic model, chemical composition, crustal evolution, western margin of the Yangtze Craton, southeastern Tibetan Plateau

CLC Number:

P591.1
P541

ZHAO Zhidan, LEI Hangshan, BAI Zhiming, LIU Dong, WANG Zhenzhen, XU Bo, MIAO Zhuang, HOU Zengqian, MO Xuanxue. Crustal structure and chemical composition of the Yingpan-Jinding-Beiya-Panlong transect in southeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(6): 256-275.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Lithospheric compositional model for the Yangtze Craton and the Lanping-Simao Block. Adapted from [1,16].

Fig.2 Topographic features and tectonic sketch of the collisional orogen in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Modified after [10].

Fig.3 Simplified distribution map of tectonic units in the collisional orogen in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Modified after [17].

Fig.4 Surface elevation and crustal P-wave velocity structure along the Yingpan-Panlong transect (Bai Zhiming, personal communication)

Table 1 Estimated geochemical composition of the upper, middle, and lower crust in different tectonic units along the Yingpan-Panlong transect

Fig.5 Crustal rock composition model of the Lanping-Simao Block established in this study.The crustal velocity structure model of the Lanping-Simao Block is cited from Bai Zhiming (unpublished data); Data for each rock unit of the Lanping-Simao Block are from references listed in the text.

Fig.6 Crustal rock composition model of the western margin of the Yangtze Craton established in this study. The crustal velocity structure model of the western margin of the Yangtze Craton is cited from Bai Zhiming (unpublished data); Data for each rock unit of the western margin of the Yangtze Craton are from references listed in the text.

Fig.7 Geochemical diagrams of the crustal profile along the Yingpan-Panlong transect in the collisional orogen in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (crustal structure after Bai Zhiming, personal communication)

Fig.8 (a) Simplified geological map of the Yingpan-Panlong transect of the collisional orogen in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau ; (b) Hf isotope contour map of Paleozoic-Cenozoic magmatic zircons (after [11]); (c) Nd isotope contour map of Paleozoic-Cenozoic magmatic rocks (data from [12]); (d) Zircon Hf isotope contour map of Cenozoic magmatic rocks (modified after [13]).

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