Earth Science Frontiers ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 390-411.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.80

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Magmatic conduit metallogenic system of Jinchuan Cu-Ni (PGE) sulfide deposit: Evidence from mineralogy

LIU Meiyu1,2(), SU Shangguo2,*(), LIU Xinran1, GUO Xudong1, LI Yiming2   

  1. 1. Disaster Reduction Center of China, Beijing 100124, China
    2. School of Geosciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2024-09-13 Revised:2024-12-02 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25

Abstract:

The Jinchuan deposit is the third largest magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposit in the world. There are still a lot of controversies about its metallogenic mechanism and there are two main models: ① Magmatic conduit accumulation metallogenic model and ② Deep segregation-injection metallogenenic model. However, none of them can explain the geological phenomena in the mining area well, especially the key problems such as the emplacement of high density sulfide melts. The new progress in experimental petrology and dynamics simulation shows that fluid addition can effectively promote the migration of high-dense sulfide slurry and it might be the main mechanism of emplacement of sulfide melts in the Jinchuan deposit. Previous research found that primary Cl-rich hydrated minerals (phlogopite, amphibole, apatite and calcite) are widely distributed in the Jinchuan sulfide ore, indicating that the formation process of the Jinchuan deposit might be significantly influenced by Cl- and C-rich fluids. This paper focuses on the characteristics of specific hydrous minerals in the deposit to discuss the migration mode and emplacement ability of sulfide meltIn order to investigate the significant effects of this Cl-rich and C-rich fluid on migration of the high-density sulfide melts. The primary hydrous minerals and sulfides in the Jinchuan deposit constitute fluid minerals assemblage. It is speculated that the Cl- and C-rich fluid gradually evolved from calcium-rich to magnesium and silicon-rich according to the spatial distribution of the fluid minerals and the moving direction of the magma conduit.

Key words: Jinchuan Cu-Ni(PGE) sulfide deposit, apatite, fluid mineral assemblages, Cl-rich fluid, magmatic conduit metallogenic system

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