Earth Science Frontiers ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 170-189.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.23
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LI Nan1(
), CAO Rui1,3, YE Huishou1, LI Qiang2, WANG Yitian1, LÜ Xiping2, GUO Na1,4, SU Yuanxiang2, HAO Jianrui1, XIAO Yang5, ZHANG Shuai1,3, CHU Wenkai1,3
Received:2021-03-20
Revised:2021-03-25
Online:2021-05-20
Published:2021-05-23
CLC Number:
LI Nan, CAO Rui, YE Huishou, LI Qiang, WANG Yitian, LÜ Xiping, GUO Na, SU Yuanxiang, HAO Jianrui, XIAO Yang, ZHANG Shuai, CHU Wenkai. Three-dimensional modeling and comprehensive quantitative mineral resources assessment: A case study of the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit in Inner Mongolia[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(3): 170-189.
Fig.1 Regional geological map of the Haoyaoerhudong area
Fig.2 The Haoyaoerhudong brittle ductile left-lateral shear structural zone. Modified after [33].
| 矿床类型 | 控矿要素 | 地质特征描述 | 变量类型 | 成矿地质异常表现 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 黑 色 岩 系 浩 尧 尔 忽 洞 金 矿 床 | 构造 | 构造带特征 | 断裂影响范围 | 断裂缓冲区 |
| 构造发育及展布特征 | 局部构造 构造方向 | 断裂上下盘 控矿断裂方位 | ||
| 构造容矿特征 | 有利成矿位置 | 向斜南翼“弧形”构造提供容矿空间 | ||
| 地层 | 地层含矿特征 | 成矿有利岩系 有利赋矿层位 | 碳质板岩及千枚岩及片岩系 比鲁特第一、第二岩性段 | |
| 围岩蚀变 | 有利围岩蚀变 | 成矿有利蚀变 | 绢云母化、泥化 | |
| 地球化学 | 土壤岩屑地球化学 | 指示元素和组合异常 | Au,As,PCA元素组合异常 | |
| 构造叠加晕立体模型 | 头晕-尾晕 | 头晕、尾晕 空间分带特征 |
Table 1 The conceptual model for ore prospecting in the Haoyaerhudong gold deposit in Inner Mongolia
| 矿床类型 | 控矿要素 | 地质特征描述 | 变量类型 | 成矿地质异常表现 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 黑 色 岩 系 浩 尧 尔 忽 洞 金 矿 床 | 构造 | 构造带特征 | 断裂影响范围 | 断裂缓冲区 |
| 构造发育及展布特征 | 局部构造 构造方向 | 断裂上下盘 控矿断裂方位 | ||
| 构造容矿特征 | 有利成矿位置 | 向斜南翼“弧形”构造提供容矿空间 | ||
| 地层 | 地层含矿特征 | 成矿有利岩系 有利赋矿层位 | 碳质板岩及千枚岩及片岩系 比鲁特第一、第二岩性段 | |
| 围岩蚀变 | 有利围岩蚀变 | 成矿有利蚀变 | 绢云母化、泥化 | |
| 地球化学 | 土壤岩屑地球化学 | 指示元素和组合异常 | Au,As,PCA元素组合异常 | |
| 构造叠加晕立体模型 | 头晕-尾晕 | 头晕、尾晕 空间分带特征 |
| 数据类型 | 比例尺 | 数据描述 |
|---|---|---|
| 钻孔数据库 | 收集333个钻孔,平均间距50 m;岩心的采样长度0.04~2.4 m | |
| 剖面 | 收集67个剖面,平均间距100 m | |
| 地质地形图 | 1:10 000 | 覆盖整个研究区 |
| 土壤地球 化学采样 | 1:10 000 | As、Sb、Hg、B、Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi、Mo、W、Mn、Co、Sn、Ni 16种成矿元素和指示元素。其中,Au和Hg的单位10-9;其他元素单位为10-6 |
| 构造叠加晕采样 | 与地球化学元素与土壤地球化学采样相同。其中,金、银单位g/t | |
| 蚀变矿物采样 | 其中,11条勘探线上18条钻孔,共17 521个ASD高光谱数据 | |
| 高精度 重磁数据 | 多比例尺 | 其中,1:25 000航磁和1:50 000重力覆盖整个研究区 |
| 音频大地 电磁测深 | 覆盖研究区的5条CSAMT剖面 |
Table 2 Investigative scope in the study area
| 数据类型 | 比例尺 | 数据描述 |
|---|---|---|
| 钻孔数据库 | 收集333个钻孔,平均间距50 m;岩心的采样长度0.04~2.4 m | |
| 剖面 | 收集67个剖面,平均间距100 m | |
| 地质地形图 | 1:10 000 | 覆盖整个研究区 |
| 土壤地球 化学采样 | 1:10 000 | As、Sb、Hg、B、Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi、Mo、W、Mn、Co、Sn、Ni 16种成矿元素和指示元素。其中,Au和Hg的单位10-9;其他元素单位为10-6 |
| 构造叠加晕采样 | 与地球化学元素与土壤地球化学采样相同。其中,金、银单位g/t | |
| 蚀变矿物采样 | 其中,11条勘探线上18条钻孔,共17 521个ASD高光谱数据 | |
| 高精度 重磁数据 | 多比例尺 | 其中,1:25 000航磁和1:50 000重力覆盖整个研究区 |
| 音频大地 电磁测深 | 覆盖研究区的5条CSAMT剖面 |
Fig.3 3D model of the orebody (a), fault (b) and wallrock (c) of Haoyaoerhudong
Fig.4 Imaging the syncline and shear zone of Haoyaoerhudong by electromagnetic inversion method. Modified after [49].
Fig.5 Geochemical map of element gold (left) based on 5317 debris samples collected along the margins of the Haoyaoerhudong syncline at 5 m grid resolution (right)
Fig.6 3D geochemical maps of mineral elements
Fig.7 Theoretical variation function curve fitting (left) and cross validation (right) results
Fig.8 SWIR analysis of alteration minerals in borehole 9700-3
Fig.9 Sketch map and 3D model of the prospecting area
Fig.10 Proportion of gold-bearing ore blocks in the buffer zones of the F2 fault (a) and the B1-B2 contact surface (b)
Fig.11 Debris geochemical sampling scheme (bottom) and statistical analysis results (top)
Fig.12 CA fractal analysis method and result
Fig.13 Results of principle component analysis. (a) PC1 variation function in a direction of 145°; (b) PC1 variation function in a direction of 235°; (c) The double plot.
Fig.14 Geological anomaly map of the Au-As (a), Au-Sb (b), and Au-W (c) systems
| 指标 | 元素各指标值/10-9 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Au | As | Sb | W | Pb | Ag | Cu | Hg | Mo | Sn | Zn | |
| 含矿体背景值 | 0.15 | 25.57 | 0.14 | 3.73 | 11.39 | 0.23 | 63.50 | 5.28 | 2.48 | 3.26 | 97.22 |
| 含矿体异常下限 | 0.47 | 67.37 | 0.28 | 8.19 | 19.07 | 0.46 | 122.18 | 8.72 | 5.64 | 5.18 | 157.14 |
| 围岩背景值 | 0.087 | ||||||||||
| 围岩异常下限 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
Table 3 Background values and anomaly lower limits for Au, As, Sb, W, Pb, Ag, Cu, Hg, Mo, Sn and Zn
| 指标 | 元素各指标值/10-9 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Au | As | Sb | W | Pb | Ag | Cu | Hg | Mo | Sn | Zn | |
| 含矿体背景值 | 0.15 | 25.57 | 0.14 | 3.73 | 11.39 | 0.23 | 63.50 | 5.28 | 2.48 | 3.26 | 97.22 |
| 含矿体异常下限 | 0.47 | 67.37 | 0.28 | 8.19 | 19.07 | 0.46 | 122.18 | 8.72 | 5.64 | 5.18 | 157.14 |
| 围岩背景值 | 0.087 | ||||||||||
| 围岩异常下限 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
Fig.15 Comparison diagram of alteration mineral zonation and Au grade variation along borehole 9700-2
Fig.16 Comparison diagram of alteration mineral zonation and Au grade variation along borehole 9700-6
Fig.17 Variations of sericite contents and Au mineralization grade along borehole 9700-6. (a) Relationship between sericite wavelength and mineralized Au grade; (b) Relationship between sericite wavelength and sericite content; (c) Relationship between sericite content and mineralized Au grade.
Fig.18 Montmorillonite spatial distribution and Au mineralization grade variation along borehole 9700-2
Fig.19 (a) The sericite wavelength anomaly in sericitization, (b) the sericite content anomaly in sericitization, and (c) the mud-montmorillonite zone
Fig.20 The integrated 3D anomaly model
| 证据项 | W+ | S(W+) | W- | S(W-) | C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 比鲁特地层第一岩性段(B1) | 0.904 617 37 | 0.115 942 52 | -0.082 234 61 | 0.043 739 4 | 0.986 851 98 |
| 比鲁特地层第二岩性段(B2) | 1.603 304 77 | 0.053 066 02 | -0.822 776 48 | 0.065 776 2 | 2.426 081 25 |
| F2断层200 m缓冲 | 1.456 114 51 | 0.044 521 12 | -1.805 420 08 | 0.112 556 67 | 3.261 534 59 |
| B1与B2接触面200 m缓冲 | 1.306 517 32 | 0.049 658 25 | -0.978 255 33 | 0.073 835 99 | 2.284 772 64 |
| 东Au | 4.390 216 87 | 0.096 644 6 | -0.362 505 66 | 0.049 062 12 | 4.752 722 54 |
| 东As | 4.486 868 84 | 0.112 640 56 | -0.265 757 12 | 0.046 733 05 | 4.752 625 96 |
| 东Sb | 4.563 403 02 | 0.138 667 06 | -0.173 603 71 | 0.044 621 64 | 4.737 006 73 |
| 东W | 4.265 405 84 | 0.103 607 97 | -0.288 988 52 | 0.047 296 99 | 4.554 394 37 |
| 东Pb | 2.845 327 14 | 0.132 260 01 | -0.109 441 46 | 0.043 325 47 | 2.954 768 6 |
| 东Ag | 3.768 717 88 | 0.119 730 58 | -0.171 561 42 | 0.044 621 98 | 3.940 279 31 |
| 东Cu | 3.358 389 69 | 0.142 475 47 | -0.104 820 49 | 0.043 165 82 | 3.463 210 18 |
| 东Hg | 4.058 685 78 | 0.128 622 96 | -0.162 811 2 | 0.044 404 63 | 4.221 496 97 |
| 东Mo | 3.137 898 96 | 0.129 495 2 | -0.121 866 49 | 0.043 567 38 | 3.259 765 45 |
| 东Sn | 3.022 190 16 | 0.149 485 9 | -0.087 616 33 | 0.042 814 22 | 3.109 806 49 |
| 东Zn | 2.540 958 07 | 0.157 295 15 | -0.071 566 3 | 0.042 509 05 | 2.612 524 36 |
| 绢云母波长 | 3.906 079 06 | 0.106 788 86 | -0.232 147 75 | 0.045 996 3 | 4.138 226 81 |
| 绢云母含量 | 3.025 919 37 | 0.101 537 51 | -0.202 201 62 | 0.045 432 22 | 3.228 120 99 |
| 蒙脱石带 | 6.033 252 15 | 0.239 567 14 | -0.147 663 45 | 0.044 021 28 | 6.180 915 6 |
Table 4 WOE for 17 predictor variables
| 证据项 | W+ | S(W+) | W- | S(W-) | C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 比鲁特地层第一岩性段(B1) | 0.904 617 37 | 0.115 942 52 | -0.082 234 61 | 0.043 739 4 | 0.986 851 98 |
| 比鲁特地层第二岩性段(B2) | 1.603 304 77 | 0.053 066 02 | -0.822 776 48 | 0.065 776 2 | 2.426 081 25 |
| F2断层200 m缓冲 | 1.456 114 51 | 0.044 521 12 | -1.805 420 08 | 0.112 556 67 | 3.261 534 59 |
| B1与B2接触面200 m缓冲 | 1.306 517 32 | 0.049 658 25 | -0.978 255 33 | 0.073 835 99 | 2.284 772 64 |
| 东Au | 4.390 216 87 | 0.096 644 6 | -0.362 505 66 | 0.049 062 12 | 4.752 722 54 |
| 东As | 4.486 868 84 | 0.112 640 56 | -0.265 757 12 | 0.046 733 05 | 4.752 625 96 |
| 东Sb | 4.563 403 02 | 0.138 667 06 | -0.173 603 71 | 0.044 621 64 | 4.737 006 73 |
| 东W | 4.265 405 84 | 0.103 607 97 | -0.288 988 52 | 0.047 296 99 | 4.554 394 37 |
| 东Pb | 2.845 327 14 | 0.132 260 01 | -0.109 441 46 | 0.043 325 47 | 2.954 768 6 |
| 东Ag | 3.768 717 88 | 0.119 730 58 | -0.171 561 42 | 0.044 621 98 | 3.940 279 31 |
| 东Cu | 3.358 389 69 | 0.142 475 47 | -0.104 820 49 | 0.043 165 82 | 3.463 210 18 |
| 东Hg | 4.058 685 78 | 0.128 622 96 | -0.162 811 2 | 0.044 404 63 | 4.221 496 97 |
| 东Mo | 3.137 898 96 | 0.129 495 2 | -0.121 866 49 | 0.043 567 38 | 3.259 765 45 |
| 东Sn | 3.022 190 16 | 0.149 485 9 | -0.087 616 33 | 0.042 814 22 | 3.109 806 49 |
| 东Zn | 2.540 958 07 | 0.157 295 15 | -0.071 566 3 | 0.042 509 05 | 2.612 524 36 |
| 绢云母波长 | 3.906 079 06 | 0.106 788 86 | -0.232 147 75 | 0.045 996 3 | 4.138 226 81 |
| 绢云母含量 | 3.025 919 37 | 0.101 537 51 | -0.202 201 62 | 0.045 432 22 | 3.228 120 99 |
| 蒙脱石带 | 6.033 252 15 | 0.239 567 14 | -0.147 663 45 | 0.044 021 28 | 6.180 915 6 |
Fig.21 3D prediction model for the favorable deep mineralization orebody (a) and target areas A (b) and B (c)
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