坳陷湖盆湖底扇致密砂岩储层质量差异分布:以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长6油组为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.7.19

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 190-204.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.7.19

坳陷湖盆湖底扇致密砂岩储层质量差异分布:以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长6油组为例

王武荣¹^,²(), 刘显阳³, 岳大力¹^,²^,^*(), 万晓龙¹^,²^,⁴, 刘瑞璟¹^,², 李士祥⁵, 卢浩¹^,², 刘建⁵, 吴光圳¹^,², 吴胜和¹^,²

1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3.中国石油长庆油田分公司, 陕西西安 710018
4.中国石油长庆油田分公司第十一采油厂, 甘肃庆阳 745000
5.中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 陕西西安 710018

收稿日期:2024-11-25 修回日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者: 岳大力
作者简介:王武荣(1993—),女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事油气田开发地质相关研究。E-mail: wwr@cup.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42302128);国家自然科学基金项目(42272186);国家自然科学基金项目(42472179);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金资助项目(2462023YJRC039)

Distribution of quality difference of tight sandstone reservoirs in sublacustrine fan of depression lacustrine basin: A case study of Chang 6 oil-bearing interval of Yanchang Formation in Heshui area, Ordos Basin, China

WANG Wurong¹^,²(), LIU Xianyang³, YUE Dali¹^,²^,^*(), WAN Xiaolong¹^,²^,⁴, LIU Ruijing¹^,², LI Shixiang⁵, LU Hao¹^,², LIU Jian⁵, WU Guangzhen¹^,², WU Shenghe¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3. Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, China
4. The 11th Oil Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Qingyang 745000, China
5. Research Institute of Exploration & Development, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, China

Received:2024-11-25 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
Contact: YUE Dali

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湖底扇致密储层是当前陆相湖盆研究的热点及致密油气勘探开发的重要目标。本文以合水地区长6湖底扇致密砂岩储层为研究对象,通过大量岩心分析测试及测井资料,开展沉积与成岩共同控制的基质储层质量差异分布研究。研究区长6致密砂岩储层质量可分为3类:I类储层以大粒间孔-粒内孔-宽片状喉道组合为主,孔隙度主要大于10%,渗透率主要大于0.1 mD;II类储层以小粒间孔-宽片状喉道组合为主,孔隙度主要为3%~12%,渗透率主要为0.01~0.1 mD;III类储层主要发育粒内孔-微孔隙群-窄片状喉道组合、微孔隙群-窄片状喉道组合,孔隙度主要小于5%,渗透率主要小于0.01 mD。I类储层主要分布在支水道及朵叶主体的中部,呈条带状或透镜状展布;II类储层分布最为广泛,主要呈连片状分布在支水道边部和朵叶主体部位;III类储层主要呈裙带状分布在朵叶侧缘。宽带状I类与连片状II类储层组合为最有利的储层组合,主要发育在砂体连片状展布的小层。I、II类储层的厚度随小层砂体厚度增加而明显增大,当小层砂体厚度大于10 m时,II类比I类储层的增大趋势更显著,而小层砂体厚度小于10 m时,III类储层明显发育。

关键词: 湖底扇, 致密砂岩, 储层质量, 三叠系延长组, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Tight reservoirs of sublacustrine fans are currently a hot topic in continental lacustrine basin research and an important target for tight oil and gas exploration and development. This paper takes the tight sandstone reservoir of the sublacustrine fan in the Chang 6 oil-bearing interval of the Yanchang Formation in the Heshui area as the research object. By integrating core sample test data and well logging data, the distribution of matrix reservoir quality controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis was studied. The reservoir quality of the Chang 6 tight sandstone in the study area is classified into types I, II, and III. Type I reservoirs are characterized by large intergranular-intragranular pores and wide strip-shaped throats, with porosity mainly >10% and permeability mainly >0.1 mD. Type II reservoirs are dominated by small intergranular pores and wide strip-shaped throats, with porosity mainly ranging from 3% to 12% and permeability mainly from 0.01 to 0.1 mD. Type III reservoirs primarily consist of intragranular pores, micropores, and narrow strip-shaped throats, or micropores and narrow strip-shaped throats, with porosity mainly <5% and permeability mainly <0.01 mD. Type I reservoirs are mainly distributed as strips or lenses in the middle of channel branches and lobe mainbodies. Type II reservoirs, the most widely distributed type, primarily occur as sheets at the edges of channel branches and within the main parts of lobes. Type III reservoirs are mainly distributed as skirts at lobe margins. The most favorable reservoir combination, comprising the band-shaped type I and sheet-shaped type II reservoirs, is primarily developed in small layers exhibiting sheet-like sandbodies. The thicknesses of both type I and II reservoirs increase significantly with increasing small-layer sandbody thickness. When the small-layer sandbody thickness exceeds 10 m, the thickness of the type II reservoir shows a more pronounced increasing trend than that of the type I reservoir. Conversely, when the small-layer sandbody thickness is less than 10 m, type III reservoirs are significantly developed.

Key words: sublacustrine fan, tight sandstone, reservoir quality, Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

中图分类号:

P618.13

王武荣, 刘显阳, 岳大力, 万晓龙, 刘瑞璟, 李士祥, 卢浩, 刘建, 吴光圳, 吴胜和. 坳陷湖盆湖底扇致密砂岩储层质量差异分布:以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长6油组为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(5): 190-204.

WANG Wurong, LIU Xianyang, YUE Dali, WAN Xiaolong, LIU Ruijing, LI Shixiang, LU Hao, LIU Jian, WU Guangzhen, WU Shenghe. Distribution of quality difference of tight sandstone reservoirs in sublacustrine fan of depression lacustrine basin: A case study of Chang 6 oil-bearing interval of Yanchang Formation in Heshui area, Ordos Basin, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 190-204.

图/表 16

图1 鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区地质简图及延长组地层剖面(a引自文献[26];b据文献[32-33]修改) a—鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区地质简图;b—三叠系延长组地层剖面。

Fig.1 Geological sketch map and stratigraphic characteristics of Yanchang Formation in the Heshui area of the Ordos Basin. a adapted from [26]; b modified after [32-33].

图2 合水地区砂组和密井网区小层复合砂体分布(引自文献[26]) a—合水地区长63砂组复合砂体分布;b—密井网区长${{6}_{2}}^{2}$小层复合砂体分布。

Fig.2 Distributions of composite sandbodies in sand group of Heshui area and small layer of dense well area. Adapted from [26].

表1 合水地区长6致密砂岩不同孔喉组合配置关系解释标准

Table 1 Interpretation standard of different pore-throat configurations of the Chang 6 tight sandstones in the Heshui area

孔喉组合类型	孔隙类型比例/%				喉道类型比例/%
孔喉组合类型	大粒间孔	小粒间孔	粒内孔	微孔隙群	宽片状	窄片状
大粒间孔-粒内孔- 宽片状喉道	>50	<25	>25	<25	>50	<50
小粒间孔-宽片状喉道	<25	>50	<25	<25	>50	<50
粒内孔-微孔隙群- 窄片状喉道	<25	<25	>50	>25	<50	>50
微孔隙群-窄片状喉道	<25	<25	<25	>50	<50	>50

图3 合水地区长6致密砂岩背散射扫描电镜图像中的孔喉组合特征 a—交错层理细砂岩中大粒间孔-粒内孔-宽片状喉道组合(庄199井,1 505.2 m);b—块状层理细砂岩中的小粒间孔-宽片状喉道组合(庄115井,1 571.94 m);c—交错层理细砂岩中的粒内孔-微孔隙群-窄片状喉道组合(庄127井,1 479.2 m);d—发生强压实作用的粉砂岩中的微孔隙群-窄片状喉道组合(庄127井,1 483.65 m)。Q为石英;F为长石;I为伊利石黏土矿物;Ch为绿泥石黏土矿物;红色箭头为粒间孔;黄色箭头为溶蚀孔;蓝色箭头为微孔隙;白色箭头为喉道。

Fig.3 Backscattered electron (BSE) images showing the characteristics of pore-throat combinations of the Chang 6 tight sandstones in the Heshui area

表2 合水地区长6致密砂岩基质储层质量分级方案

Table 2 Classification scheme of the reservoir quality of the Chang 6 tight sandstones in the Heshui area

储层质量分类		I类	II类	III类
储层物性	孔隙度/%	>10	3~12	<5
储层物性	渗透率/mD	>0.1	0.01~0.1	<0.01
孔隙结构特征	孔隙结构类型	I类	II类	III类
	孔隙类型	大粒间孔和粒内溶蚀孔为主,少量小粒间孔	小粒间孔为主,少量大粒间孔或粒内溶蚀孔	微孔隙群或粒内溶蚀孔为主
	喉道类型	宽片状喉道为主,偶见缩颈型喉道	宽片状喉道为主	窄片状喉道或管束状喉道为主
	孔喉组合类型	大粒间孔-粒内孔- 宽片状喉道组合	小粒间孔-宽片状喉道组合	粒内孔-微孔隙群-窄片状喉道、微孔隙群-窄片状喉道组合
	高压压汞曲线 (引自文献[33])
沉积与成岩特征	主要岩相类型	交错层理细砂岩(Sc) 中部	块状层理细砂岩(Sm) 中部	砂泥界面附近Sc和Sm岩相以及粉砂到极细粒砂岩(Ss)
沉积与成岩特征	成岩作用特征	溶解作用较强胶结作用较弱	溶解作用中等胶结作用较弱	强胶结作用或强压实作用
可动流体	可动流体饱和度/%	>35	15~40	<15
	流体可动性	较好	中等	较差
	可动流体分布模式图 (引自文献[6])

表3 合水地区长6致密砂岩储层的Fisher判别函数系数

Table 3 Fisher discriminant function coefficients of the Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir in the Heshui area

储层类别	声波时差/(μs·m^-1)	自然伽马/API	密度/(g·cm^-3)	常量
I类	12.449	-3.894	798.137	-2 275.876
II类	12.072	-3.757	801.042	-2 208.483
III类	11.891	-3.690	810.315	-2 198.242

表4 合水地区长6致密砂岩不同类型储层的Fisher判别结果

Table 4 Fisher discrimination results of different types of the Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir in the Heshui area

储层质量			预测结果			合计
储层质量			I类储层	II类储层	III类储层	合计
初始数据	计数	I类储层	15	2	0	17
		II类储层	10	120	19	149
		III类储层	1	5	37	43
	回判率/%	I类储层	88.2	11.8	0	100.0
		II类储层	6.7	80.5	12.8	100.0
		III类储层	2.3	11.6	86.0	100.0

图4 合水地区长6油组不同类型基质储层所占比例饼状图

Fig.4 Pie chart showing the proportion of different types of matrix reservoirs in the Chang 6 oil-bearing interval in the Heshui area

图5 合水地区庄127井基质储层质量的解释结果(据文献[36]修改)

Fig.5 Interpretation results of the matrix reservoir quality of Well Z127 in the Heshui area. Modified after [36].

图6 合水地区不同类型基质储层的厚度与小层砂体厚度之间的关系

Fig.6 Cross-plot showing the relationship between the thickness of different types of matrix reservoirs and the sandbody thickness of small layers in the Heshui area

图7 合水地区密井网区垂直古水流方向构型及基质储层质量剖面分布图 a-沉积构型剖面分布;b-基质储层质量剖面分布(长${{6}_{2}}^{1}$-长${{6}_{3}}^{3}$小层)。连井剖面位置见图2b。

Fig.7 Profile dstribuion of the architeture and matrix reservoir quality perpendicular to the paleocurrent direction in the dense well area of the Heshui area

图8 合水地区密井网区顺古水流方向构型及基质储层质量剖面分布图 a-沉积构型剖面分布;b-基质储层质量剖面分布(长${{6}_{2}}^{1}$-长${{6}_{3}}^{3}$小层)。连井剖面位置见图2b。

Fig. 8 Profile distribution of the architecture and matrix reservoir quality parallel to the paleocurrent direction in the dense well area of the Heshui area

图9 合水地区密井网区长${{6}_{3}}^{3}$小层—长${{6}_{2}}^{1}$小层不同类型储层的平均厚度

Fig.9 Histogram showing the average thickness of different types of matrix reservoirs in the Chang ${{6}_{3}}^{3}$ small layer to Chang ${{6}_{2}}^{1}$ small layer in the dense well area of the Heshui area

图10 合水地区密井网区长${{6}_{3}}^{2}$小层基质储层质量平面分布

Fig.10 Plane distribution of the matrix reservoir quality of the Chang ${{6}_{3}}^{2}$ small layer in the dense well area of the Heshui area

图11 合水地区密井网区基质储层质量平面分布 a—长${{6}_{3}}^{3}$小层;b—长${{6}_{2}}^{1}$小层。

Fig.11 Plane distributions of the matrix reservoir quality in the dense well area of the Heshui area

图12 坳陷湖盆湖底扇致密砂岩储层质量差异空间分布模式 a—湖底扇致密砂岩基质储层质量分布模式:宽带状I类与连片状II类储层组合、窄带状I类与连片状II类储层组合;b—湖底扇致密砂岩基质储层质量分布模式:透镜状I类与连片状II类储层组合、宽带状II类与裙带状III类储层组合;c—AA'沉积构型剖面分布图;d—BB'沉积构型剖面分布图;e—AA'微观孔隙结构示意图;f—BB'微观孔隙结构示意图;g—AA'基质储层质量剖面分布图;h—BB'基质储层质量剖面分布图。

Fig.12 Spatial distribution model of quality difference of tight sandstone reservoir in sublacustrine fan of depression lacustrine basin

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坳陷湖盆湖底扇致密砂岩储层质量差异分布:以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长6油组为例

Distribution of quality difference of tight sandstone reservoirs in sublacustrine fan of depression lacustrine basin: A case study of Chang 6 oil-bearing interval of Yanchang Formation in Heshui area, Ordos Basin, China

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