西藏中部羌塘地体白垩纪以来隆升剥露过程

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.11.50

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 18-34.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.11.50

• “印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应”专栏之六 • 上一篇下一篇

西藏中部羌塘地体白垩纪以来隆升剥露过程

毕文军¹(), 张佳伟²^,^*(), 李亚林³, 邓玉珍⁴

1.太原理工大学地球科学与工程系, 山西太原 030024
2.中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
3.中国地质大学(北京) 生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
4.山西地质博物馆, 山西太原 030000

收稿日期:2022-10-13 修回日期:2022-11-20 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-01-05
通讯作者: 张佳伟
作者简介:毕文军(1991—),男,博士,讲师,构造地质学专业,主要从事青藏高原隆升和剥露历史研究。E-mail: biwenjun@tyut.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项(IGCEA2225);山西省自然科学基金青年项目(202103021223120);科学技术部第二次青藏高原科学考察项目(2019QZKK0803)

The uplift and exhumation processes in the Qiangtang terrane of Central Tibet since the Cretaceous

BI Wenjun¹(), ZHANG Jiawei²^,^*(), LI Yalin³, DENG Yuzhen⁴

1. Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
4. Shanxi Museum of Geology, Taiyuan 030000, China

Received:2022-10-13 Revised:2022-11-20 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-01-05
Contact: ZHANG Jiawei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原的隆升直接影响了区域乃至全球的气候变化,其地貌演化过程存在较大争议。羌塘地体作为青藏高原的重要组成部分,了解其隆升和剥露过程对于认识高原中部的地貌演化具有重要意义。已发表的构造变形和低温热年代数据显示,羌塘地体地表隆升和剥露过程经历了早白垩世—古新世(125~65 Ma)、始新世(55~35 Ma)以及渐新世以来(<30~0 Ma)3个阶段。在白垩纪—古新世时期,拉萨-羌塘地体的碰撞以及中羌塘地体的构造负载导致逆冲断层和地表剥露从中羌塘地体向南、北扩展到南、北羌塘地体。在始新世时期,印度-亚洲板块连续汇聚引起拉萨地体和松潘-甘孜地体分别向北、南俯冲,导致南羌塘地体和北羌塘地体北缘强烈变形和剥露,而中羌塘地体和北羌塘地体中部微弱变形和剥露。此时,该地体的海拔至少达到了3.0~4.0 km。在渐新世以来,羌塘地体构造变形已经结束,地表剥露可能与该地体南北向正断层活动有关。

关键词: 羌塘地体, 隆升和剥露历史, 低温热年代, 构造变形

Abstract:

The Tibetan Plateau uplift resulted in regional and global climate changes; however, the geomorphic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau is still in dispute. As a significant part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Qiangtang terrane plays an important role in understanding the geomorphic evolution of Central Tibet. The published structural deformation and low-temperature thermochronological data showed that the uplift and exhumation of the Qiangtang terrane experienced three main phases: Early Cretaceous-Paleocene (120-65 Ma), Eocene (55-35 Ma), and Post-Oligocene (<30-0 Ma). During the Early Cretaceous-Paleocene, the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision and the tectonic load of the Central Qiangtang terrane led to outward-propagating deformation and exhumation originated from the Central Qiangtang terrane. During the Eocene, northward and southward subductions of the Lhasa and Songpan-Ganzi terranes, respectively, driven by continued convergence between the Indian and Asian plates, resulted in intensive deformation and exhumation of the Southern Qiangtang terrane and the northern edge of the North Qiangtang terrane, but little erosion and deformation in the Central Qiangtang terrane and central zone of the North Qiangtang terrane. The Qiangtang terrane had attained an elevation of 3-4 km by ~35 Ma. Since the Oligocene structural deformation in the Qiangtang terrane has ceased, where surface exhumation may be related to N-S trending normal fault activity in the region.

Key words: Qiangtang terrane, uplift and exhumation history, low-temperature thermochronologic data, structural deformation

中图分类号:

毕文军, 张佳伟, 李亚林, 邓玉珍. 西藏中部羌塘地体白垩纪以来隆升剥露过程[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(2): 18-34.

BI Wenjun, ZHANG Jiawei, LI Yalin, DENG Yuzhen. The uplift and exhumation processes in the Qiangtang terrane of Central Tibet since the Cretaceous[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 18-34.

图/表 7

图1 青藏高原主要构造单元图(据文献[22]修编)

Fig.1 Major tectonic units of the Tibetan Plateau. Modified after [22].

图2 羌塘地体地质简图(据文献[40]修编) BNS—班公—怒江缝合带;JS—金沙江缝合带;LSS—龙木错—双湖缝合带;AMT—安多微地体;SNQT—北羌塘地体南缘;CNQT—北羌塘地体中部;NNQT—北羌塘地体北缘;SZT—赛布错-扎加藏布逆冲推覆构造;DST—多玛-其香错逆冲推覆构造;XST—肖茶卡-双湖逆冲推覆构造;LRT—鲁谷-荣马逆冲推覆构造;NCT—羌中隆起北缘逆冲推覆构造;LCT—龙尾湖逆冲推覆构造;DCT—多格错仁逆冲推覆构造;TTS—唐古拉山逆冲推覆构造。

Fig.2 Simplified geologic map of the Qiangtang terrane. Modified after [40].

图3 羌塘地体低温热年代学数据分布图(数据来源自[34,47,91]) BNS—班公—怒江缝合带;JS—金沙江缝合带;SNQT—北羌塘地体南缘;CNQT—北羌塘地体中部;NNQT—北羌塘地体北缘;SZT—赛布错-扎加藏布逆冲推覆构造;DST—多玛-其香错逆冲推覆构造;XST—肖茶卡-双湖逆冲推覆构造;LRT—鲁谷-荣马逆冲推覆构造;NCT—羌中隆起北缘逆冲推覆构造;LCT—龙尾湖逆冲推覆构造;DCT—多格错仁逆冲推覆构造;TTS—唐古拉山逆冲推覆构造。

Fig.3 Distribution map of the Qiangtang terrane low-temperature thermochronologic data set. Data adapted from [34,47,91].

图4 (A)羌塘地体热年代数据年龄统计直方图(数据来源同图3);(B)羌塘地体低温热年代学数据南北向剖面图(剖面位置见图2) SQT—南羌塘地体;CQT—中羌塘地体;NQT—北羌塘地体;SNQT—北羌塘地体南缘;CNQT—北羌塘地体中部;NNQT—北羌塘地体北缘。

Fig.4 (A) Histograms of the Qiangtang terrane data set of Fig.3, and (B) N-S trending thermochronological transect of the Qiangtang terrane (profile location see Fig.2)

图5 羌塘地体白垩纪以来的地质事件和冷却历史图(据文献[47]修编) A—青藏高原重要的地质事件时间线(阿布山组沉积时间来源自[33,57,60⇓⇓-63];其他地质事件数据来源自[47];B,C,D—南、中、北羌塘地体热历史曲线图数据来源自[47,91]。

Fig.5 Geologic events and cooling history of the Qiangtang terrane since the Cretaceous. Modified after [47].

图6 羌塘地体白垩纪以来的地质演化图(据文献[47]修编) IYS—雅鲁藏布江缝合带;BNS—班公—怒江缝合带;JS—金沙江缝合带;SQT—南羌塘地体;CQT—中羌塘地体;NQT—北羌塘地体;TTS—唐古拉山逆冲推覆系统。

Fig.6 Geologic evolution of the Qiangtang terrane since the Cretaceous. Modified after [47].

图7 青藏高原中部古新世—始新世时期地形图(据文献[30]修编) YZS—雅鲁藏布江缝合带;BNS—班公—怒江缝合带;GNT—冈底斯北缘反冲断层;GST—改则—色林错反冲断层。

Fig.7 Topographic map of Paleocene-Eocene Central Tibet. Modified after [30].

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西藏中部羌塘地体白垩纪以来隆升剥露过程

The uplift and exhumation processes in the Qiangtang terrane of Central Tibet since the Cretaceous

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