全球豆荚状铬铁矿资源特征与我国找矿潜力分析

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.5.32

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 473-496.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.5.32

• 非主题来稿选登 • 上一篇

全球豆荚状铬铁矿资源特征与我国找矿潜力分析

袁建国¹(), 张万益¹^,^*(), 庞振山¹, 李广旭¹, 陈刚², 郭灵俊³, 翟庆国⁴, 滕学建⁵, 万阈⁶, 史淳元⁷

1.中国地质调查局发展研究中心, 北京 100037
2.新疆维吾尔自治区地质研究院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
3.内蒙古自治区地质调查研究院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010020
4.中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
5.中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心(华北地质科技创新中心), 天津 300170
6.新疆维吾尔自治区地质局塔城地质大队, 新疆乌苏 833099
7.河北地质大学, 河北石家庄 050031

收稿日期:2025-05-07 修回日期:2025-06-10 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-12
通信作者: 张万益
作者简介:袁建国(1988—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事矿物学、岩石学、矿床学研究。E-mail: yuanjg0112@163.com
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目(DD20230558);中国地质调查局项目(DD20243544);中国地质调查局项目(DD20243324)

The characteristics of global podiform chromites and prospecting potential in China

YUAN Jianguo¹(), ZHANG Wanyi¹^,^*(), PANG Zhenshan¹, LI Guangxu¹, CHEN Gang², GUO Lingjun³, ZHAI Qingguo⁴, TENG Xuejian⁵, WAN Yu⁶, SHI Chunyuan⁷

1. Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
2. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Geology, Urumqi 830000, China
3. Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010020, China
4. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academic of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
5. Tianjin Center (North China Geological Science and Technology Innovation Center), China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China
6. Tacheng Geological Survey Team,Geological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wusu 833099, China
7. Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China

Received:2025-05-07 Revised:2025-06-10 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-12
Contact: ZHANG Wanyi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铬铁矿是一种重要的战略性关键金属矿产,具有层状和豆荚状两种成因类型。研究表明,全球豆荚状铬铁矿主要分布在特提斯、古亚洲洋、环太平洋成矿域和冈瓦纳成矿域中,尤其是特提斯、古亚洲洋两大成矿域占主导地位。在该两大成矿域,境外已发现多处大型超大型豆荚状铬铁矿矿床,而在相同构造带的我国范围内,发现的铬铁矿矿床小而散。比较分析认为,我国铬铁矿资源潜力尚未充分挖掘,应增强我国铬铁矿找矿信心,聚焦在新疆萨尔托海、西藏雅鲁藏布江和班公湖—怒江、内蒙古二连—贺根山、甘肃大道尔吉等地区,改进找矿思路,优化找矿技术方法,加快钻探验证工作,尽快改变我国铬铁矿长期接近百分百依靠进口的局面。

关键词: 铬铁矿, 战略性矿产, 成矿规律, 找矿方向, 资源潜力

Abstract:

Chromite is an important strategic metal mineral, which has two genetic types: stratiform and podiform. The results show that the podiform chromite is mainly distributed in the Tethys, PaleoAsian Ocean, Pacific Rim and Gondwana metallogenic regions, especially the Tethys and PaleoAsian Ocean metallogenic regions. In these two metallogenic regions, many large to super-large podiform chromite deposits have been found abroad, while in the same tectonic belt within China, the chromite deposits found are small and scattered. The comparative analysis shows that the potential of chromite resources in China has not been fully tapped, and the chromite prospecting confidence should be enhanced, focusing on the areas such as Sartokay in Xinjiang, Yarlung Zangbo River and Bangong Lake-Nujiang River in Tibet, Erlian-Hegenshan in Inner Mongolia and Dadaoerji in Gansu Province, so as to improve prospecting ideas, optimize prospecting technology and methods, and speed up drilling verification. End the long-term situation of totally relying on import from abroad as soon as possible.

Key words: chromite, strategic mineral, mineralization pattern, prospecting target, resource potential

中图分类号:

P618.3

袁建国, 张万益, 庞振山, 李广旭, 陈刚, 郭灵俊, 翟庆国, 滕学建, 万阈, 史淳元. 全球豆荚状铬铁矿资源特征与我国找矿潜力分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(6): 473-496.

YUAN Jianguo, ZHANG Wanyi, PANG Zhenshan, LI Guangxu, CHEN Gang, GUO Lingjun, ZHAI Qingguo, TENG Xuejian, WAN Yu, SHI Chunyuan. The characteristics of global podiform chromites and prospecting potential in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(6): 473-496.

图/表 16

图1 全球主要豆荚状铬铁矿矿床分布图(据文献[11-13]修改)

Fig.1 The global distribution map of major podiform chromite deposits. Modified after [11-13].

表1 2014—2024年全球铬铁矿年产量(万t)[11,15]

Table 1 Global chromite production in 2014-2024 (10 000 tons)[11,15]

年份	南非	土耳其	哈萨克斯坦	印度	芬兰	其他	总计
2014	1 200	260	370	354	—	459	2 643
2015	1 400	350	549	320	—	422	3 041
2016	1 470	280	538	320	—	416	3 024
2017	1 650	650	458	350	—	458	3 566
2018	1 760	800	669	430	221	425	4 305
2019	1 640	1 000	670	414	242	511	4 477
2020	1 320	800	700	250	229	398	3 697
2021	1 860	696	650	425	227	362	4 220
2022	1 910	541	600	400	200	538	4 189
2023	1 800	600	600	420	200	520	4 140
2024	2 100	800	650	410	190	290	4 400

图2 理想铬铁矿矿床和典型矿床铬铁矿产出部位对比图(据文献[13,17]修改)

Fig.2 Comparison of ideal chromite deposits and typical chromite ore positions. Modified after [13,17].

图3 含铬铁矿基性-超基性岩的MgO与其他主量元素关系图

Fig.3 Relation between MgO and other major elements of chromite mafic-ultramafic rocks

表2 国内外主要豆荚状铬铁矿矿床特征对比表

Table 2 Comparison of characteristics of major podiform chromite deposits at home and abroad

图4 全球主要豆荚状铬铁矿形成时代和资源储量分布图(纵坐标数值为示意值)

Fig.4 Distribution map of major podiform chromite deposits in the world (the ordinate values are schematic values)

图5 阿尔巴尼亚布尔齐泽—巴特铬铁矿床地质简图(据文献[90-91]修改) (a)—阿尔巴尼亚蛇绿岩带分布;(b)—布尔齐泽超镁铁质地块及豆荚状铬铁矿分布图。

Fig.5 Simplified geological map of the Bulqiza-Bart chromium deposit in Albania. Modified after [90-91].

图6 哈萨克斯坦肯皮尔赛岩体地质简图(据文献[95]修改)

Fig.6 Geological sketch of the Kempirsay in Kazakhstan. Modified after [95].

图7 菲律宾三描礼士(Zambales)蛇绿岩地质简图(据文献[98-99]修改) (a)—阿科杰地块地质图;(b)—阿科杰铬铁矿地质图。

Fig.7 Geological Sketch Map of Zambales Sericite-Greywacke in the Philippines. Modified after [98-99].

图8 英格萨纳山超基性岩体地质简图(据文献[70]修改)

Fig.8 Geological schematic map of ultramafic rock mass of the Ingessana Mountain. Modified after [70].

图9 中国主要铬矿床分布图(据文献[103]修改)

Fig.9 Distribution of major chromite deposits in China. Modified after [103].

图10 雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩和典型矿床剖面(据文献[46]修改) (a)—雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩分布图;(b)—罗布莎铬铁矿典型剖面图。

Fig.10 Distribution of ophiolite in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone and typical profile of the Robesa chromite. Modified after [46].

图11 西藏班公湖—怒江缝合带蛇绿岩分布图(据文献[115]修改)

Fig.11 Distribution of ophiolite in Bangong Lake-Nujiang suture zone, Tibet. Modified after [115].

图12 北疆地区蛇绿岩及萨尔托海成矿区带(据文献[62]修改) (a)—北疆地区蛇绿岩分布;(b)—萨尔托海超基性岩体岩相分带。

Fig.12 Distribution of ophiolite in northern Xinjiang and lithofacies zonation of ultramafic rocks in Saltuohai, Xinjiang. Modified after [62].

图13 贺根山蛇绿岩分布及典型矿床剖面(据文献[117,120-121]修改) (a)—贺根山地区区域地质图;(b)—贺根山蛇绿岩地质简图;(c)—贺根山3756号豆荚状铬铁矿矿床剖面图。

Fig.13 Schematic map of the Hegen Mountain ophiolite and Profile of the podiform chromite deposit No. 3756. Modified after [117,120-121].

图14 大道尔吉Ⅲ1岩带西段4至5矿群地质简图(据文献[123]修改)

Fig.14 Geological schematic map of 4 to 5 ore groups in the western section of the Dadaoerji Ⅲ1 rock belt. Modified after [123].

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全球豆荚状铬铁矿资源特征与我国找矿潜力分析

The characteristics of global podiform chromites and prospecting potential in China

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