地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 244-257.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.11.85

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页岩气和煤层气中氦气富集机理与资源潜力:以川南页岩气和鄂东缘煤层气为例

陈燕燕1(), 温志新1, 陶士振1,*(), 吴伟2, 刘祥柏1, 杨秀春3, 高建荣1, 刘庆尧4, 李靖5, 杨怡青1, 陈悦1   

  1. 1.中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    2.中国石油西南油气田分公司 页岩气研究院, 四川 成都 610041
    3.中石油煤层气有限责任公司, 北京 100028
    4.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083
    5.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17 修回日期:2024-12-04 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通信作者: 陶士振
  • 作者简介:陈燕燕(1984—),女,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事油气地质、烃源岩地球化学及氦气地球化学研究。E-mail: yanychen@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气集团有限公司关键核心技术攻关项目(2021ZG13)

Enrichment mechanism and resource potential of helium in shale gas and coalbed methane plays: A case study of shale gas in Southern Sichuan Basin and coalbed methane in Eastern Ordos Basin

CHEN Yanyan1(), WEN Zhixin1, TAO Shizhen1,*(), WU Wei2, LIU Xiangbai1, YANG Xiuchun3, GAO Jianrong1, LIU Qingyao4, LI Jing5, YANG Yiqing1, CHEN Yue1   

  1. 1. The Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Shale Gas Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610041, China
    3. PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Beijing 100028, China
    4. The Department of Energies, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    5. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2024-06-17 Revised:2024-12-04 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: TAO Shizhen

摘要:

近年来,国内外天然气藏中氦气相关研究日益增多,但研究对象多以常规天然气藏和致密气为主,页岩气和煤层气中氦气研究至今仍处于起步状态。本研究以四川盆地南部页岩气和鄂尔多斯盆地东缘(鄂东缘)煤层气为研究对象,分析测试结果表明川南页岩气中氦气含量分布范围为0.020%~0.051%,鄂东缘煤层气中氦气含量分布范围为0.01%~0.16%。其中,三交北区块中煤层气氦气含量最高,为0.023%~0.16%,为富(含)氦煤层气。川南页岩气和鄂东缘煤层气中的3He/4He值较低,指示壳源放射性衰变氦为主要来源。典型富(含)氦气页岩气和煤层气精细解剖表明,在充足氦源补给、有效通源输导、良好保存条件和适宜天然气-氦气浓度匹配条件下能够形成自生自储型富(含)氦气藏。下伏古老克拉通基底、周边发育通源断层区域可作为氦气潜在有利勘探目标。经初步评价,三交北地区煤层气中氦气资源量为0.807×108 m3,是潜在的大型氦气田,具有良好提氦潜力。本研究结果丰富了页岩气和煤层气氦气富集成藏理论,为探寻和发现页岩气和煤层气富氦气区提供了思路与方向。

关键词: 氦气, 煤层气, 页岩气, 富集机理, 资源潜力, 四川盆地, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Research on helium in natural gas reservoirs has been increasing in recent years. However,such research is mostly focused on conventional natural gas reservoirs and tight gas, while studies on helium in shale gas and coalbed methane are still in their infancy. This study takes the shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin and the coalbed methane on the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin as the study subjects. Analytical results show that the helium content in the southern Sichuan shale gas ranges from 0.02% to 0.05%. While in the eastern Ordos coalbed methane, it ranges from 0.01% to 0.16%. Notably, the highest helium content in coalbed methane is found in the Sanjiao North block, ranging from 0.02% to 0.16%, rendering this block rich in helium. The 3He/4He ratios in both the southern Sichuan shale gas and eastern Ordos coalbed methane are relatively low, indicating that radiogenically produced (crustal) helium is the dominant source. Detailed dissection of typical helium-rich shale gas and coalbed methane reservoirs reveals that self-sourced and self-sealed helium enrichment can occur under the following conditions: sufficient helium source supply, effective migration pathways, good preservation conditions, and suitable natural gas-helium concentration matching. The underlying ancient cratonic basement and surrounding areas with well-developed faults (serving as conduits) are potential targets for helium exploration. Preliminary evaluation indicates that the helium resource volume in the Sanjiao North coalbed methane area is 80.7 million cubic meters (8.07×107 m3), representing a potential large helium field with promising potential for helium extraction. The results of this study provide new insights into the enrichment mechanisms of helium in shale gas and coalbed methane, offering ideas and directions for exploring and discovering helium-rich reservoirs in these unconventional gas resources.

Key words: helium, coalbed methane, shale gas, enrichment, resource potential, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin

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