地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 230-243.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.6.14

• 流体运聚表征 • 上一篇    下一篇

含氦气系统静态地质要素和动态作用过程

杨怡青(), 陶士振*(), 李剑, 杨威, 陈悦, 高建荣, 王晓波, 陈燕燕, 刘祥柏   

  1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-05 修回日期:2025-06-26 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通信作者: 陶士振
  • 作者简介:杨怡青(1991—),女,博士后,主要从事基础与应用化学、氦气地质地球化学及运聚机理研究。E-mail: yangyiq@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气集团有限公司关键核心技术攻关项目(2021ZG13);国家科技重大专项青年科学家课题(2025ZD1010508)

The static geological elements and dynamic processes of the helium-bearing systems

YANG Yiqing(), TAO Shizhen*(), LI Jian, YANG Wei, CHEN Yue, GAO Jianrong, WANG Xiaobo, CHEN Yanyan, LIU Xiangbai   

  1. Petro China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2024-01-05 Revised:2025-06-26 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: TAO Shizhen

摘要:

本文运用系统论的思路方法,洞察和剖析含氦气系统静态地质要素和动态作用过程,理清氦气与天然气两个系统耦合关系,以提高富氦资源探寻和评价预测的系统性、综合性和可靠性,降低氦气资源勘探风险。含氦气系统与含油气系统有融合相通之处,也有本质区别。含氦气系统包括有效氦源、输导体系和聚集载体组成的静态地质要素和氦气生成过程、运移过程和聚集过程组成的动态作用过程,涵盖了多方面的复杂因素和作用过程。氦气沸点极低,通常认为难以与其他元素/分子发生物理化学反应或以离子键/共价键形成化合物,氦气主要由铀钍元素衰变产生,不同于有机质热演化生成油气的成因机制,氦气特殊的性质导致氦气有着不同于油气的“生—运—聚”过程。通过对含氦气系统“生—运—聚”要素的描述,对富铀钍元素的壳源氦源岩与由此生成的具有经济效益的富氦气藏之间的氦气系统因果关系研究,可以对氦气生成、运移和聚集过程进行综合逻辑分析和过程追踪。含氦气系统静态地质要素与动态作用过程在合适时间和空间下有效匹配才有可能形成富/含氦气藏,对其系统研究可应用于查明氦气富集机制、开展资源富集区优选及目标评价,提高勘探成功率。

关键词: 氦气, 含氦气系统, “生—运—聚”要素, 静态地质要素, 动态作用过程, 氦气系统描述评价

Abstract:

Helium-bearing systems share similarities with petroleum systems but are fundamentally distinct. A helium-bearing system comprises static geologic elements—including effective helium source rocks, migration conduits, and reservoirs/traps—and dynamic geologic processes: generation, migration, and accumulation. These processes encompass a wide range of complex factors and mechanisms. Helium has an extremely low boiling point, is chemically inert, and is not subject to biodegradation. These properties result in a generation-migration-accumulation (GMA) process differing significantly from that of hydrocarbon gases. Describing the GMA process of helium-bearing systems and examining the origin of uranium- and thorium-rich crustal helium source rocks and the resulting commercial helium accumulations enables a comprehensive and logical explanation and process tracing of helium generation, migration, and accumulation. The spatiotemporal coupling of the static geologic elements and dynamic geologic processes within such a system creates the probability of forming helium-rich or helium-bearing accumulations. A systematic approach to helium-bearing systems provides a foundation for helium exploration and resource assessment.

Key words: helium, helium-bearing systems, “generation-migration-accumulation” system, static geological elements, dynamic processes, descriptive evaluation

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