地学前缘 ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 67-78.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.3
韩健1(), 郭俊锋2, 欧强3, 宋祖晨2, 刘平1, 郝文静1, 孙洁1, 王星4
收稿日期:
2020-03-27
修回日期:
2020-05-26
出版日期:
2020-11-02
发布日期:
2020-11-02
作者简介:
韩 健(1973—),男,研究员,主要从事动物门类起源以及寒武纪大爆发研究。E-mail: elihanj@nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
HAN Jian1(), GUO Junfeng2, OU Qiang3, SONG Zuchen2, LIU Ping1, HAO Wenjing1, SUN Jie1, WANG Xing4
Received:
2020-03-27
Revised:
2020-05-26
Online:
2020-11-02
Published:
2020-11-02
摘要:
刺胞动物是华南寒武纪早期海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,针对这类化石的研究有助于深入了解寒武纪多幕式爆发事件。本文主要根据寒武纪早期扬子板块陕南宽川铺生物群、湖北岩家河生物群以及澄江生物群产出的刺胞动物,探讨刺胞动物在寒武纪早期的演化框架,取得了以下初步认识。截至目前,所发现的寒武纪早期刺胞动物绝大多数都属于水母超纲,珊瑚纲的化石记录在寒武系幸运阶、第二阶保存较为罕见。其中寒武系幸运阶刺胞动物的化石记录全部属于底栖类型,体型小,且具有多种类型的身体辐射对称形式,绝大多数类型可以确定属于直接发育。第二阶刺胞动物仍以底栖固着类型为主,体形增大,仅见两、四辐射对称形式;而寒武系第三阶刺胞动物仍有底栖固着类型,但游泳的水母开始出现,体型增大明显,代表水母冠群的出现,以及世代交替的复杂生命周期的正式建立。从幸运阶到第三阶刺胞动物体型明显增大,可能与海水氧气含量增加有关。在寒武纪大爆发的背景下,刺胞动物的分异度和丰度在寒武系幸运阶就已经达到顶峰,然后在第二阶、第三阶开始衰减,这种变化可能与两侧对称动物辐射演化有关。华南刺胞动物的化石记录表明,寒武纪大爆发并非纯粹的一幕式爆发,其中充斥着一系列生物群的替代甚至灭绝事件。
中图分类号:
韩健, 郭俊锋, 欧强, 宋祖晨, 刘平, 郝文静, 孙洁, 王星. 华南寒武纪早期刺胞动物演化框架[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(6): 67-78.
HAN Jian, GUO Junfeng, OU Qiang, SONG Zuchen, LIU Ping, HAO Wenjing, SUN Jie, WANG Xing. Evolutionary framework of early Cambrian cnidarians from South China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(6): 67-78.
图2 华南寒武纪早期刺胞动物代表化石 a—Anabarites trisulcatus Missarzhevsky,in Voronova & Missarzhevsky,1969;标本号:ELISN15-42;b—Quadrapyrgites quadratacris Li et al.,2007;标本号:ELIXX35-175;c—Hexaconularia sichuanenisis He and Yang,1986;标本号:ELISN96-131;d—Carinachites spinatus Qian 1977;标本号:ELISN148-52;e—Feiyanella manica Han et al.,2017;标本号:ELISN141-14;f—Octapyrgites elongatus Guo et al.,2020;标本号:CUBar170-3;g,h—Septuconularia yanjiaheensis Guo et al.,2020;标本号:CUBar9-6;i,j,k—Yunnanoascus haikouensis Hu et al.,2007;整体(i)、触手(j)及复原图(k);标本号:YDKS-35。
Fig.2 Representative fossils of early Cambrian cnidarians from South China
图3 华南寒武系刺胞动物时代分布 ①Arthrochites emeishanensis Chen,1982;②Hexaconularia sichuanensis He & Yang,1986;③Septuconularia yanjiaheensis Guo et al.,2020;④Emeiconularis amplcanalis Liu et al.,2005;⑤Carinachites spinatus Qian,1997;⑥Carinachites tetrasulcatus Chen,1982;⑦Pentaconularia ningqiangensis Liu et al.,2011;⑧Quadrapyrgites quadratacris Li et al.,2007;⑨Octapyrgites elongatus Guo et al.,2020;⑩Unnamed forms Han et al.,2016; ?Qinscyphus necopinus Liu et al.,2017; ?Olivooides multisulcatus Qian,1997;Steiner et al.,2014; ?Olivooides mirabibis Yue in Xing et al.,1983;Steiner et al.,2014; ?Sinaster petalon Wang et al.,2017; ?Eolympia pediculata Han et al.,2010; ?Unnamed polypoid cnidarian Steiner et al.,2004; ?Anabarites trisulcatus Missarzhevsky in Rozanov et al.,1969; ?Anabarites isisticus Missarzhevsky,1974; ?A.trisulcatus var.obliquasulcatus Steiner et al.,2004; ?Yunnanoascus haikouensis Hu et al.,2007;Han et al.,2016; ?Sphenothallus sp.; ?Sphenothallus songlingensis; ?Sphenothallus kozaki; ?Byronia sp.; ?Nailiania transfromata Ou,2012; ?Archisaccophyllia kunmingensis Hou et al.,2005; ?Xianguangia sinica Chen & Erdtmann,1991;Ou et al.,2017。
Fig.3 Temporal distribution of Cambrian cnidarians in South China
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